Objective: To detect the expression and distribution of activated cytotoxic cells in types of lymphoma with tissue microarray,and provide evidences for clinical treatment and prognosis. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining by S-P technique was used for detecting the expression and distribution of perforin and granzyme B in lymphoma tissue microarray,composed of 60 samples of lymphoma tissue.10 NK/T-cell lymphoma routine sections were used for relative research,and 10 reactive hyperplasia were used for comparison. Results: In the tissue microarray,samples originated from intranode and extranode were 48 and 12,respectively;consisting of 42 B-cell lymphoma,16 T-cell lymphoma(10 PTCLs,2 NK/T-cell lymphomas,2 lymphoblastic T-cell lymphomas,2 anaplastic large cell lymphomas),2 Hodgkin's disease.42 samples of B-cell lymphoma cells were negative in perforin and granzyme B.In 10 samples of peripheral T-cell lymphoma,perforin and granzyme B positive were 8 and 9,respectively,but the positive cells were no tumor cells.In 12 samples of NK/Tcell lymphoma(2 in the tissue microarray,10 routine sections),both perforin and granzyme B were strongly positive.B-cell lymphoma,T-cell lymphoma and NK/T-cell lymphoma differed significantly(P

Objective To observe the regulatory effect of glycyrrhizin on the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with alopecia areata.Methods PBMCs were obtained from 18 patients with mild alopecia areata,24 patients with severe alopecia areata and 20 normal human controls,and cultured with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or the combination of PHA and glycyrrhizin for 24 hours.Then,reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was conducted to detect the mRNA expression of IFN-γand TNF-β in these cells.Results The mRNA expression levels of IFN-γand TNF-β in PBMCs were significantly higher in patients with severe alopecia areata than in those with mild alopecia areata and normal human controls (all P ＜ 0.05),and higher in patients with mild alopecia areata than in normal human controls (both P ＜ 0.05).A significant decrease was observed in the mRNA expressions of IFN-γ and TNF-β in the PBMCs from patients with alopecia areata after stimulation with the combination of PHA and glycyrrhizin (both P ＜0.05).Conclusion Glycyrrhizin can inhibit the expression of Th1-type cytokines and reverse Th1-type immune response.

Objective To explore the nurses'self-efficacy for palliative care and its related factors.Methods Data were collected via a self-constructed questionnaire,using the purposive sampling method.Subjects were nurses from two “grade-A” general hospitals in Henan province.Results The nurses' self-efficacy for palliative care stayed at a disequilibrium state,mean score of self-efficacy for physical care was 4.00,followed by family care self-efficacy 3.85,then psychological and spiritual care self-efficacy 3.70.Significant difference existed in self-efficacy for palliative care in nurses having different attitudes toward death.The cognitive level for palliative care,past experience of caring for end-stage patients were positively correlated with self-efficacy.Conclusions The main factors of the nurses' self-efficacy for palliative care related to attitudes toward death,past experience of caring for end-stage patients and the cognition level of nurses to palliative care.

Objective To understand and explore the lived study feeling and experience of nursing undergraduate students during high- fidelity simulation training so as to provide the evidence of reforming teaching methods and performing the teaching practice of nursing educators. Methods Phenomenological study of qualitative research was used. In- depth interviews were conducted among 4 focus groups. 28 nursing undergraduate students were interviewed to understand their lived study feeling. Results 5 themes were emerged using Colaizzi's phenomenologic method, including cooperating explicitly, integrating theory with practice closely, promoting disease observation ability and nursing decision making, enhancing self-confidence. Conclusions High- fidelity simulation training was beneficial to integrate theory with practice, cultivate students' comprehensive ability and increase clinical practical opportunities.

Objective To evaluate the prognosis capacity of the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI) risk score for 6 months mortality in the clinical patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), in addition to asses the incremental value of EF and multivessel disease for risk stratification. Methods Six clinical variables and their relative value of score derived from PAMI risk scoring system were used to determine individual's risk score. The patients with STEMI were evaluated during the in-hospital period and followed-up for a mean of (10.34?3.24) months for mortality. The p values were calculated using a Kruskal-Wallis H test for categorical variables when appropriate; otherwise Independent-samples test was used. Logistic regression examined the discriminant accuracy of the PAMI risk score to predict death and assessed the incremental value of the EF and multivessel disease. Results A 88.8% of patients (183 patients) finished the follow up of 6 months. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 4.4%, 30-day mortality rate was 6% and 6 months mortality rate was 9.3%. Eighty-eight patients scored 0-2 points, 54 patients scored 3-5 points, 17 patients scored 6-8 points and 24 patients scored ≥9 points. The 6 months mortality were 1.1%,3.7%, 17.6% and 41.7% respectively. Logistic regression analysis indicated that multivessel disease is a risk factor (OR 10.189) and EF is a protected factor (OR 0.849) for 6 months mortality after PCI. Multivessel disease and EF provided incremental information over that provided by the PAMI risk score. Conclusion The PAMI risk score can be applied in early stage after PCI for mortality risk assessment for patients with STEMI. EF and multivessel disease also convey important prognostic information and should be included in risk stratification after STEMI.

The results of the current studies demonstrated that the combined use of IL - 2 and IL - 7 could augment the in vitro proliferative responses of tumor - specific T cell lines and clones to antigen stimulation, increasing stimulation induces 6 to 8 times greater than using either IL - 2 or IL - 7 alone. Antigen - driven T cells maintained in culture using this combined cytokine regimen can be induced to grow and maintained functional in large numbers and survive long-term in cultrue with each antigen restimulation cycle prolonged to six weeks. The IL-2 doses used in this combined cytokine regimen can be reduced 10 to 100 times that of cultures using IL-2 alone. Thus, the combined use of IL-2 plus IL-7 is effective for procuring large numbers of antigen - specific functional T cells in vitro.

Objective To construct an eukaryotic expression vector of pre-miR-15a,and to investigate the inhibitory effect of pre-miR-15a to Raji cells. Methods The pGCSIL-GFP vector encoding pre-miR-15a nucleotides was transfected into the bacterial competent cells,and then confirmed by PCR and sequencing analysis. The identified vector was transfected into Raji cells with oligofectamine 2000. The cells were divided into 3 groups,blank,negative control and pre-miR-15a group. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA,and immunofluorescence indirect for Bcl-2 protein expression. The growth of Raji cells was assayed by trypan blue dye exclusion method. Results PCR and sequences analysis indicated that the recombinant clones was identical with target sequences. Many green fluorescent cells were observed under fluorescent microscopy. The levels of Bcl-2 mRNA at every group had no obviously difference. Bcl-2 protein expression was obviously decreased at pre-miR-15a group compared with the other groups. Trypan blue dye exclusion method showed the cell growth was inhibited at 48 h and 72 h post-transfection. Conclusion We successfully construct the eukaryotic expression vector of pre-miR-15a,and it can inhibit the growth of Raji cells.

The aetiology of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) is still unknown at the present time.However,along with more and more experimental models of IBD developed in recent ten years,the therapeutic effect of probiotics on IBD and the possible mechanisms were widely explored.A lot of experiments have shown that probiotics administration can significantly ameliorate the IBD in many kinds of animal models and this beneficial effect of probiotics may be associated with inhibiting microbial growth,enhancing gut-barrier function,modulating immune response of intestinal mucosa and decomposing luminal pathogenic antigens.

Recently,tissue-engineered chondrocyte transplantation has been tried to treat full-thickness cartilage defects.Of the many scaffold materials being investigated,collagen,with good biocompatibility,biodegradable and biological activity,has been shown to have many advantageous features for the proliferation,the attachment and the differentiation.The present article reviews the applications and prospects of collagen in cartilage tissue engineering.

Severe clubfoot has complicated clinical features.Conventional surgical management could hardly get satisfactory results,always with serious trauma,and even smaller foot.This paper summarizes the characteristics of clubfoot in details and its relative assessment standard,principles and advantages of Ilizarov's technique,design of the apparatus and correction procedures.Combination of this and traditional technique and reasonable osteotomy method are also analyzed,complications are discussed for prevention.