Mechanical force has essential effects on cellular behaviors such as proliferation, migration and differentiation, and the mechanism of mechanotransduction is still one of the hot spots in mechanobiology study. Traditional methods could not provide accurate evaluation of the protein activation signal upon mechanical stress application. The development of fluorescence protein technology greatly promoted the understanding of mechanotransduction. In particular, genetically-encoded biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique has achieved a real-time dynamic observation of living cell signal protein activity, which provides a powerful tool for the in-depth study of biomechanics. In this paper, we provide a summary on recent progress of FRET application in biomechanics. Firstly we introduce the FRET technology, and then we summarize three methods to integrate the mechanical stimulation with the FRET imaging system on cell experiments. After that, the important progress of biomechanical research on signal pathway made by FRET technology, such as cytoskeleton, Rho family, calcium and cellular physical stress visualization, are also discussed. Finally, we point out the bottleneck of the future development in FRET technology, and also make the prospect of the application of FRET in mechanotransduction. In summary, FRET technology provides a powerful tool for the studies of mechanotransduction, which will advance our systematic understanding on the molecular mechanisms about how cells respond to mechanical stimulation.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Biosensing Techniques ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Humans ; Luminescent Proteins ; chemistry ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Mechanical

Cardiac arrest (CA) is an acute critical illness with the high occurrence in the world. The directions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) development are to improve CA patients' survival rate and to decrease the poor prognosis. β-blockers can selectively block the neurotransmitter or receptor agonists. They offer beneficial pharmacological properties and have been widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Based on the search result of the domestic and foreign medical databases, the usage of β-blockers including clinical research, animal experiments and clinical work of CPR patients was summarized. Finally, the CPR research progress of β-blockers in recent years was reviewed in the article.

Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) were defined as neurological syndromes associated with cancer.In many cases,autoantibodies against neural antigens expressed by the tumor (paraneoplastic neurological antibody or onconeural antibodies) were detected.The neuronal antibodies,which were associated with syndromes resulting from central nervous system neuronal dysfunction,were classified into two groups according to the location of the antigen:inside the neuron or in the cell membrane.Group Ⅰ antibodies targeted on intracellular antigens and were predominantly dependent on T-cell-mediated responses.Group Ⅱ antibodies recognized neuronal surface antigens and were predominantly dependent on B-cell-mediated responses.Onconeural antibodies were useful diagnostic markers of the brain disease,and in some cases,they might reveal an underlying malignancy.Moreover,the presence of antibodies against surface(group Ⅱ) antigens might predict a more favorable response to immunotherapy than that against intracellular (group Ⅰ) antigens.

Humans typically have 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes in cells,and a pair of sex chromosomes.Some individuals have an extra,autosomal chromosome called a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC).sSMC is a structurally abnormal chromosome fragment.The fragments are too small and no-specific banding pattern to be identified by conventional banding cytogenetic analysis.Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH),fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or other molecular biological methods are necessary for the diagnosis.This article summarized the karyotype,pathogenesis,and the clinical manifestations of the sSMC-related chromosome 18p abnormalities.The patients with sSMC usually presented with abnormal chromosome syndrome.Some syndromes are relative common,such as Pallister-Killian syndrome,isochromosome 18p syndrome,Cat eye syndromes or Emanuel syndrome.sSMC is considered to be the frequent cause of mental retardation.The patients have no specific symptoms.With the progress of molecular cytogenetics,more sSMC has been identified.Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis are important to prevent sSMC.Molecular cytogenetic techniques are necessary to the diagnosis.

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis has been the world′s primary cause of death. Studies have shown that early intervention in preclinical stage of atherosclerosis among children can reverse the disease and ultimately reduce the morbidity of atherosclerosis related diseases after they grow up,which is crucial to reduce and eliminate the harm of atherosclerosis.Now,the risk factors and detection methods of children′s preclinical atherosclero-sis were reviewed.

Objective To understand the death level and main death causes among residents in the Wansheng Economic De‐velopment Zone to provide the basis for comprehensive prevention and control .Methods According to the ICD‐10 international classification of diseases ,the death causes were classified and coded for statistically analyzing the crude mortality rate ,standardized mortality rate and the death causes constituents in this surveyed population .Results The crude mortality rate of residents in Wan‐sheng Economic Development Zone during 2014 was 650 .57/100 000 and the standardized mortality rate was 413 .35/100 000 .The sequence of death causes was circulatory system disease ,respiratory system disease ,tumor ,injury and poisoning and digestive sys‐tem diseases .The death number for these 5 kinds of death causes accounted for 93 .21% of the total death number .The top five of potential life loss years were injury and poisoning ,tumor ,circulatory system disease ,respiratory system disease and digestive system diseases .The rates of potential years of life loss were 13 .76‰ ,10 .19‰ ,8 .35‰ ,4 .84‰ and 2 .69‰ respectively .Conclusion Chronic noncommunicable diseases ,injury and poisoning become the main causes of death in the Wansheng Economic Development Zone and disease burden .

Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ; abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective:To explore the anti-fatigue effect of Tibet maca in mice. Methods: The mice were respectively given the powder or the alcohol extract of Tibet maca. The lactic acid concentration in blood, serum lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) , the time of weight loading swimming and serum urea ammonia level after the exercise in the mice were detected, and the anti-fatigue effect of the powder and the alcohol extract of Tibet maca was compared. Results: After the 30-day feeding, the serum LDH activity of the mice taking the powder or alcohol extract of Tibet maca was obviously higher than that of the mice in the control group(P<0. 05), the time of weight loading swimming was significantly longer than that in the control group (P<0. 05), and the blood lactic acid concentration after the exercise was obviously lower than that in the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Tibet maca can improve the time of weight loading swimming of mice, and reduce the level of serum urea ammonia after exercise and blood lactic acid concentration, sug-gesting the powder and alcohol extract of Tibet maca have obvious anti-fatigue effect.

Objective To observe the real-time and short-term anti-hypertension efficacy of ear apex bloodletting plus acupoint thread embedding. Method Eighty-three eligible hypertension patients were randomized into group A of 28 cases, group B of 29 cases and group C of 26 cases. Group A was intervened by bloodletting at ear apex, group B was by acupoint thread embedding, and group C was by bloodletting at ear apex plus acupoint thread embedding. The blood pressure was recorded 5 min before intervention, as well as 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min following intervention, and the real-time anti-hypertension efficacy was compared. By analyzing the blood pressure before treatment and after 1-month treatment, the short-term anti-hypertension efficacy was compared. Result In group A and group C, the systolic and diastolic pressures at 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min after treatment were significantly different from that at 5 min before treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 60.7% in group A, 51.7%in group B, and 80.8% in group C. The therapeutic efficacy of group C was significantly different from that of group A and B (P<0.05). The total effective rates for grade 1 and grade 2 hypertension were respectively 84.6%and 40.4%in group A, 76.9%and 31.3% in group B, and 100.0% and 64.3% in group C. In the three groups, the therapeutic efficacy for grade 1 hypertension was markedly different from that for grade 2 hypertension (P<0.05). Conclusion Bloodletting at ear apex can produce a significant anti-hypertension effect, and bloodletting at ear apex plus acupoint thread embedding is an effective method in treating hypertension.

Denture adhesive(DA)Protefix was used in 31 edentulous patients with complete denture.NRS evaluation showed that applica-tion of Protefix decreased the uncomfortable score(P <0.05)at 2 h,1 d,7 d after use.Protefix improved denture retention,stability and masticatory function.