10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.004

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PIB) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and explore the factors that may affect the binding of 11C-PIB. Methods:From January 2017 to December 2019, the 11C-PIB uptake of 6 patients with normal cognitive (NC; 3 males, 3 females, age: (64.5±12.3) years), 11 patients with MCI (4 males, 7 females, age: (64.5±9.8) years) and 21 patients with AD (7 males, 14 females, age: (68.1±9.1) years) from Daping Hospital, Army Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Regional 11C-PIB binding was assessed by using standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and visual reading of 11C-PIB scan. Clinical data, including age, gender, education level, cognitive impairment, neuropsychological scale score, vascular risk factors (VRF), apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene, were collected and differences among groups were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance, least significant difference t test or Fisher exact test. Factors that affected the 11C-PIB binding were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results:SUVR of cerebral lobe among NC, MCI and AD groups were significantly different (range of mean SUVR: 1.16-1.26, 1.19-1.35 and 1.40-1.61; F values: 5.331-9.279, all P<0.05). For positive PIB patients, SUVR of posterior cingulate and precuneus were increased in MCI group compared with NC group (1.20±0.15 vs 1.50±0.12, 1.18±0.15 vs 1.59±0.13; F values: 6.389 and 10.668, t values: -2.33 and -3.10, both P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in all lobes between MCI and AD group ( t values: from -1.29 to -0.51, all P>0.05). Visual analysis showed that the positive rates of PIB in frontal lobe (85.7%(18/21)), posterior cingulate (85.7%(18/21)), precuneus (81.0%(17/21)), temporal lobe (81.0%(17/21)) and occipital lobe (47.6%(10/21)) in AD were higher than those in MCI (4/11, 4/11, 4/11, 3/11 and 1/11, respectively; all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that the degree of cognitive impairment were independent risk factors for SUVR of all lobes ( b values: 0.377-0.536, all P<0.05). The ApoE ε4 gene was independent risk factor for SUVR of precuneus ( b=0.290, P<0.05). Conclusion:11C-PIB is helpful for clinical diagnosis of MCI and AD patients and the degree of cognitive impairment and ApoE ε4 gene may be independent risk factors for increasing 11C-PIB binding.

Objective To determine whether rTFPI could inhibit vascular thrombosis and salvage random pattern skin flaps following AIRC in rat models.Methods From April,2013 to June,2015,30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 3 groups;a control group,an avulsion injury with roll compaction (AIRC) group,and an AIRC plus rTFPI therapy group.An 8.0 cm× 2.5 cm random flap was raised on the dorsum of each rat.The AIRC and AIRC plus rTFPI flaps were then altered with a device designed to simulate avulsion injury with roll compaction.After flap closure primarily,treatment was initiated immediately and continued for 3 days.Phosphate buffered saline was used in the control group and the AIRC group,while the AIRC plus rTFPI group received the recombinant Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor.Laser Doppler flowmetry and infra-red thermalgraphy were used on postoperative day three to assess nicrocirculatory blood flow and viability of the avulsed flaps.At postoperative day seven,final flap survival was determined.Using SPSS19.0 statistical analysis.Results The flap survival in AIRC group was only (32.7 ± 5.2)％ versus (62.5 ± 6.5)％ in control group,but the flap survival significantly increased (51.6 ± 8.2)％ after topical injecting rTFPI in experimental group.Statistically significant differences exist (P ＜ 0.05) between every two groups.The detection results of Laser-Doppler flowmetry and infra-red thermography showed that perfusion arrived the centre of the flaps in experimental group,while perfusion only arrived the proximal part of the flaps in the AIRC control group.Conclusion rTFPI therapy is effective in reducing ischemic necrosis of random pattern flaps following avulsion injury in the rat model.It suggests that rTFPI therapy may play an important role in clinical salvage of the failing avulsion injuries with roll compaction.

The reports on chemical constituents of Hyoscyamus niger were summarized. The compounds include alkaloids, saponins, lignans, coumarinolignans, flavonoids, and some other nonalkaloidal compounds. TLC, HPLC, and GC were used for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of some chemical constituents in H. niger. Modern pharmacological experiments showed that H. niger had the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anticonvulsant, spasmolytic, antidiarrhoeal, antisecretory, bronchodilatory, urinary bladder relaxant, hypotensive, cardiosuppressant, vasodilator, antitumor, and feeding deterrent properties. In addition, the toxicities of this medicinal plant were also described.

ObjectiveTo identify and analyze the volatile constituents in the leaves and fruits ofFicus carica.MethodsGas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used.ResultsThe major components detected in volatile oil of the leaves were psoralen (10.12％),β-damascenone (10.17％),benzyl alcohol (4.56％),behenic acid (4.79％),and bergapten (1.99％),etc.The major components detected in volatile oil of the fruits were furfural (10.55％),5-methyl-2-furaldehyde (10.1％),and benzeneacetaldehyde (6.59％),etc.Conclusion A total of 121 volatile constituents are identified in the leaves and 108 in the fruits ofF.carica,among which 103 constituents are identified for the first time in the leaves and 100 in the fruits.Eighteen volatile constituents are identified in both leaves and fruits.

Objective To investigate the incidence of aspirin resistance (AR) in patients with Type Ⅱ Diabetes mellitus (DM) and the correlation between AR and advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) as well as the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Methods A total of 69 patients with Type Ⅱ DM and another 23 patients without DM as control group were enrolled between October 2009 and July 2010. Blood lipid, blood routine, fasting blood glucose, Glycated hemoglobin (GHb/Hb A1c) ,fasting insulin were determined at first. After aspirin treatment for at least 7 days, platelet aggregation stimulated by arachidonic acid(AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were measured. In addition, the level of serum AGEs was measured by using ELISA assay. The degree of insulin resistance was obtained by using HOMA-IR. Results The incidence of AR in patients with Type Ⅱ DM was higher than that in the controls(30.4% vs. 8.7%, P = 0.037 ); the levels of serum AGEs and HOMA-IR in patients with Type Ⅱ DM were higher than those in the controls [ (359.56 ± 120. 14) pg/mL vs. (275.45 ± 118.06)pg/mL, P=0. 004; (4.42 ±4.78) vs. ( 1.5 ±0.78), P＜0.01, respectively]; platelet aggregation stimulated by AA in the diabetic group was correlated with serum AGEs and HOMA-IR( R =0.463, P ＜0.01; R=0.290, P =0.016, respectively); and platelet aggregation stimulated by ADP was only positively correlated with HOMA-IR(R =0.242, P = 0.045). Conclusions The incidence of AR in patients with Type Ⅱ Diabetes mellitus is higher than that in the controls, and diabetics with higher serum AGEs and HOMA-IR are more likely to develop aspirin resistant.

Objective To evaluate the clinical curative effect of Masquelet technique in treatment of infected single-bone defect of forearm.Methods The clinical data of 18 cases of forearm bone defect caused by bone infection in our department from January 2011 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received standard treatment of Masquelet technique with two stage.Radical debridement,bone defect filling with antibiotic PMMA bone cement, and internal fixation were accomplished at the first stage, and treatment of bone defect with autologous iliac bone graft were accomplished at the second stage after 6 to 8 weeks at the end of the first stage.The infection control,fracture healing and complications of the 18 patients were observed.Results There was no complications such as infection recurrence,bone resorption,plate screw loosening occured.The functional recovery of 18 cases in this group was evaluated according to the Anderson evaluation scale.The results were excellent in 9 cases,satisfactory in 6 cases,unsatisfactory in 3 cases,and no failure.The satisfactory rate was 83.33%.Conclusion Controlling infection with local release of antibiotics from PMMA bone cement implantation through Masquelet technique, inducing autogenous membrane structure in the bone defect area,and then transplanting autologous cancellous bone for bone defect reconstruction repair treatment are effective in the treatment of infected single-bone defect of forearm.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the dynamic changes of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and severity and complications of patients with multiple trauma at the early stage.Methods Among 97 patients with multiple trauma in Emergency Department of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital between August 2015 and May 2016,12 patients were excluded as follows,(1) with burns or chemical injuries;(2) pregnancy or menopausal women;(3) had bacterial infection a week ago;(4) with chronic diseases.The other 85 patients with multiple traumas were classified into three categories according to the injury severity score (ISS).That is,the slight group (22 cases,9≤ ISS ＜ 15),moderate group (35 cases,15 ≤ ISS ＜ 25) and severe group (28 cases,ISS ≥ 25).Their venous blood samples were collected at 6,12,24,48 and 72 hours after trauma respectively,and the serum IL-1 β levels were measured using a specific immunoluminometric assays.The basal conditions including age,the hospitalization days and so on among these three groups were compared via ANOVA.The mean IL-1 β levels at above time intervals among three groups were compared.Finally,the relationship between the peak concentration of IL-1β and injury severity and complications was analyzed by multiple Logistic regression.Results (1) As the increasing severity of trauma,the patients with longer days of hospitalization and higher rate of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The levels of IL-1 β in the moderate and severe groups were remarkably higher than those in the slight group (P ＜ 0.02).(3) The IL-1β levels in each group peaked at 6 hours after trauma and began to decline.(4) Multivariate logistic analysis showed that peak concentration of IL-1 β was still an independent predictor for injury severity (moderate group:odds ratio,1.21;95％ confidence interval:1.05-1.39,P =0.007;severe group:odds ratio,1.20;95％ confidence interval:1.03-1.40,P =0.019) and sepsis (odds ratio,1.28;95％ confidence interval:1.10-1.50,P =0.001),but had no significant association with MODS and trauma mortality even after controlling other risk factors.Conclusions The serum IL-1β at 6 hours after injury could be used as an early effective indicator to evaluate the injury severity and infectionrelated complications in patients with multiple trauma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in methylation levels of the promoters of the tumor suppressor gene Wilms' tumor gene on the X-chromosome (WTX) and its possible role in gastric cancer.

METHODSWTX promoter methylation levels were detected in 20 pairs of specimens of gastric cancer and matched normal tissues and in 3 gastric cancer cell lines (MGC803, SCG7901, and BGC823) using the Sequenom MassARRAY quantitative analysis system. The gastric cancer cell line BGC823 was treated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) for demethylation and the changes in the level of WTX promoter methylation were investigated.

RESULTSWTX promoter methylation levels were very low and showed no significant differences among normal gastric tissues, gastric cancer tissues and the 3 gastric cancer cell lines. In BGC823 cells, treatment with 5-aza-dC did not obviously affect the promoter methylation levels of WTX.

CONCLUSIONHigh methylation levels of WTX promoters are rare in gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the bacterial spectrum and drug resistance of bone infection after multiple hospitalizations.Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted on 95 patients with bone infection due to injuries admitted in the General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area from January 2009 to December 2016.There were 76 males and 34 females,with an average age of 47 years (range,17-94 years).Bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests were performed in 246 specimens of the infection secretions and infected tissues.The bacterial species and drug resistance data of all the specimens were statistically analyzed.The numbers and ratios of Gram-positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria were counted according to the changes of hospitalization frequency,and the changes of drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus after repeated hospitalizations were also recorded.Results A total of 110 pathogenic bacteria were isolated,and mixed infection was found in 19％ of the bacteria.There were 61 Gram-positive bacteria (55.5％),including 35 Staphylococcus aureus [seven methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRSA) strains],accounting for 57％ of Gram-positive strains.Other Gram positive bacteria were mainly Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis.There were 48 Gram-negative bacteria (43.6％),including 12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains,accounting for 25％ of Gram-negative strains,nine Klebsiella pneumoniae strains,accounting for 19％ of the Gramnegative strains.Staphylococcus aureus had a resistance rate to penicillin of 82％,and the major Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Staphylococcus epidermidis) were all highly sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid.The major Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter baumannii) were highly resistant to the second generation of cephalosporins and were sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.In 95 bone infection patients,the ratio of Gram positive bacteria to Gram negative bacteria increased from 0.98 at the first admission to 3 after repeated hospitalizations,and the ratio change was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).After multiple hospitalizations,the drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to gentamicin,ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin,and tetracycline increased gradually.The resistance rate to penicillin was even up to 100％.Conclusions The mixed infection of bone infection is common,among which Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the main Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the main Gram negative pathogenic bacteria.The proportion of Gram-positive bacteria infection increased after multiple hospitalizations and became the major pathogenic bacteria.Penicillin should be avoided in the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection in multiple hospitalizations,and gentamicin and ciprofloxacin should be used with caution.Vancomycin or linezolid which is more sensitive is a better option.