BACKGROUND:Deep muscle stimulation has the effects of releasing muscle adhesion,relieving muscle spasm,improving and restoring muscle compliance and elasticity.Electromyographic biofeedback therapy can promote nerve recovery and improve lower limb motor function and gait. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of the effect of deep muscle stimulation combined with electromyographic biofeedback therapy on the spasm of the triceps surae and gait changes after stroke by using a digital muscle detector and three-dimensional gait analysis system. METHODS:A total of 72 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected from the Rehabilitation Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University from October 2020 to October 2023.And they were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups(n=36 per group):a control group and a combined group.The control group received routine rehabilitation therapies,electromyographic biofeedback and pseudo deep muscle stimulation,while the combined group received true deep muscle stimulation treatment on the basis of the control group,five times per week,for 4 consecutive weeks.The oscillation frequency and dynamic stiffness of the affected gastrocnemius muscle,active range of motion of the ankle dorsiflexion muscle,electromyographic signal of the tibialis anterior muscle,Fugl-Meyer assessment of the lower limbs,and three-dimensional gait analysis parameters were statistically analyzed before and after treatment in two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After treatment,oscillation frequency and dynamic stiffness values of the inner and outer sides of the affected gastrocnemius muscle in both groups of patients were significantly reduced compared with before treatment(P<0.05),and the combined group showed a more significant decrease compared with the control group(P<0.05).The active range of motion of the ankle dorsiflexion muscle,electromyographic signal of the tibialis anterior muscle,and Fugl-Meyer scores after treatment were significantly increased or improved compared with before treatment(P<0.05),while the combined group showed a more significant increase or improvement compared with the control group(P<0.05).In terms of gait parameters,the walking speed,frequency,and stride in both groups of patients were significantly increased compared with before treatment(P<0.05),while the combined group showed a more significant increase compared with the control group(P<0.05).The percentage time of support phase on the healthy side was shortened compared with before treatment(P<0.05),while the combined group showed a more significant decrease compared with the control group(P<0.05).In addition,there was no significant difference between the two groups except for the percentage of healthy side support(P>0.05).To conclude,the combination of deep muscle stimulation and electromyographic biofeedback can effectively alleviate triceps spasm in the short term after stroke,improve ankle dorsiflexion function,enhance lower limb motor function,and improve gait.The treatment effect is significant and worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) relapse within months after completing previous therapies. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib as third- or further-line therapy in patients with short-term relapsed SCLC from ALTER1202. Patients with short-term relapsed SCLC (disease progression within 3 months after completing ⩾ two lines of chemotherapy) in the anlotinib (n = 67) and placebo (n = 34) groups were analyzed. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints included overall survival, objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate, and safety. Anlotinib significantly improved median PFS/OS (4.0 vs. 0.7 months, P < 0.0001)/(7.3 vs. 4.4 months, P = 0.006) compared with placebo. The ORR was 4.5%/2.9% in the anlotinib/placebo group (P = 1.000). The DCR in the anlotinib group was higher than that in the placebo group (73.1% vs. 11.8%, P < 0.001). The most common adverse events (AEs) were hypertension (38.8%), loss of appetite (28.4%), and fatigue (22.4%) in the anlotinib group and gammaglutamyl transpeptidase elevation (20.6%) in the placebo group. No grade 5 AEs occurred. For patients with short-term relapsed SCLC, third- or further-line anlotinib treatment was associated with improved survival benefit. Further studies are warranted in this regard.
Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/chemically induced* ; Quinolines/adverse effects*

【Objective】 To establish a microbial limit test method for diatomite and pearlite, and verify its applicability. 【Methods】 According to the requirements of general rule 1105, Microbial Limit Test for Non Sterile Products of Pharmacopoeia of the People′s Republic of China (2020 Edition), the applicability test of microbial counting methods for three batches of perlite and diatomite was conducted before the microbial limit test of samples. The microbial growth of filter aid was analyzed and the recovery rate of each test bacterium was calculated. 【Results】 The ratio of the colony number of the test group minus the colony number of the test sample control group to the bacterial liquid control group was in the range of 0.5~2.0. 【Conclusion】 The method is accurate, reliable and can be used for microbial limit test of diatomite and perlite.

Sex reversal, representing extraordinary sexual plasticity during the life cycle, not only triggers reproduction in animals but also affects reproductive and endocrine system-related diseases and cancers in humans. Sex reversal has been broadly reported in animals; however, an integrated resource hub of sex reversal information is still lacking. Here, we constructed a comprehensive database named ASER (Animal Sex Reversal) by integrating sex reversal-related data of 18 species from teleostei to mammalia. We systematically collected 40,018 published papers and mined the sex reversal-associated genes (SRGs), including their regulatory networks, from 1611 core papers. We annotated homologous genes and computed conservation scores for whole genomes across the 18 species. Furthermore, we collected available RNA-seq datasets and investigated the expression dynamics of SRGs during sex reversal or sex determination processes. In addition, we manually annotated 550 in situ hybridization (ISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and im-munohistochemistry (IHC) images of SRGs from the literature and described their spatial expression in the gonads. Collectively, ASER provides a unique and integrated resource for researchers to query and reuse organized data to explore the mechanisms and applications of SRGs in animal breeding and human health. The ASER database is publicly available at http://aser.ihb.ac.cn/.

Objective:To explore the characteristics and advantages of Whole-Mounting immnunofluorescent staining and laser speckle flow imaging technology in the vascular imaging of mouse ear extended flap.Methods:In this study, total of 25 ICR mice were included.Ten ICR mice were cut off the middle and lateral angiosome to establish an extended flap model, and 3 days later, the changes in the blood supply of the ear flap were observed. The ear area , tissue layer thickness and blood vessel distribution in the healthy side were observed at the same time.Obtain the mouse ears 3 days after modeling, and dissect them into three layers, i.e, the anterior skin layer , the cartilage layer and the posterior skin layer. The distribution and morphology of blood vessels, nerves and monocytes/macrophages in the anterior skin layer were stained and detected by the whole-mount immunofluorescence staining.Ten mice were adopted and an incision was made through the ear horizontally above the bifurcation of the middle angiosome of the mouse ear to establish a delayed extended flap model. Then the blood flow changes in the mouse ear were observed by laser speckle flow imaging andt he blood perfusion values were recorded immediately, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d and 4 d after the operation, respectively.Results:The area of the mouse ear was about 1.3 cm 2 , the thickness was about (0.16±0.04) mm, and the blood was supplied by three vascular bundles: the lateral caudal vascular bundle, the middle vascular bundle and the medial cephalic vascular bundle. The thickness of the anterior and posterior skin and cartilage of the mouse ears were (88±5)μm, (41±3)μm and (29±2)μm, respectively. The whole-mount immunofluorescence staining results clearly showed that the diameter of small vessels in the choke area was (50 ± 6) μm on the third day after modeling. It could be seen that the nerve and artery in mouse ear were in concomitant relationship and the nerve segment attached to the surface of the artery without obvious accompany or clinging to the vein. There were a large number of monocyte macrophages distributed in clusters in the dilated and curved arteries, but they were only scattered outside the artery. Laser speckle flow imaging results showed that there were (6 ± 2) transverse vessels in each auricular flap, and the diameter and blood flow increased significantly in the delayed extended earflap model. Immediately after the operation and at 1d, 2d, 3d, and 4d, the average blood perfusion values of transverse vessels were (92±11) PU, (136±26) PU, (147±27) PU and (176±27) PU, respectively. Conclusions:The Whole-Mounting immnunofluorescent staining and the laser speckle blood flow imaging technology can be used to well observe the blood vessels, nerves, mononuclear macrophages and blood flow perfusion of the mouse extended flap, which can play an important role in the study of blood supply of mouse extended flap.

Objective:To explore the characteristics and advantages of Whole-Mounting immnunofluorescent staining and laser speckle flow imaging technology in the vascular imaging of mouse ear extended flap.Methods:In this study, total of 25 ICR mice were included.Ten ICR mice were cut off the middle and lateral angiosome to establish an extended flap model, and 3 days later, the changes in the blood supply of the ear flap were observed. The ear area , tissue layer thickness and blood vessel distribution in the healthy side were observed at the same time.Obtain the mouse ears 3 days after modeling, and dissect them into three layers, i.e, the anterior skin layer , the cartilage layer and the posterior skin layer. The distribution and morphology of blood vessels, nerves and monocytes/macrophages in the anterior skin layer were stained and detected by the whole-mount immunofluorescence staining.Ten mice were adopted and an incision was made through the ear horizontally above the bifurcation of the middle angiosome of the mouse ear to establish a delayed extended flap model. Then the blood flow changes in the mouse ear were observed by laser speckle flow imaging andt he blood perfusion values were recorded immediately, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d and 4 d after the operation, respectively.Results:The area of the mouse ear was about 1.3 cm 2 , the thickness was about (0.16±0.04) mm, and the blood was supplied by three vascular bundles: the lateral caudal vascular bundle, the middle vascular bundle and the medial cephalic vascular bundle. The thickness of the anterior and posterior skin and cartilage of the mouse ears were (88±5)μm, (41±3)μm and (29±2)μm, respectively. The whole-mount immunofluorescence staining results clearly showed that the diameter of small vessels in the choke area was (50 ± 6) μm on the third day after modeling. It could be seen that the nerve and artery in mouse ear were in concomitant relationship and the nerve segment attached to the surface of the artery without obvious accompany or clinging to the vein. There were a large number of monocyte macrophages distributed in clusters in the dilated and curved arteries, but they were only scattered outside the artery. Laser speckle flow imaging results showed that there were (6 ± 2) transverse vessels in each auricular flap, and the diameter and blood flow increased significantly in the delayed extended earflap model. Immediately after the operation and at 1d, 2d, 3d, and 4d, the average blood perfusion values of transverse vessels were (92±11) PU, (136±26) PU, (147±27) PU and (176±27) PU, respectively. Conclusions:The Whole-Mounting immnunofluorescent staining and the laser speckle blood flow imaging technology can be used to well observe the blood vessels, nerves, mononuclear macrophages and blood flow perfusion of the mouse extended flap, which can play an important role in the study of blood supply of mouse extended flap.

In last few years, therapeutic peptides/proteins are rapidly growing in drug market considering their higher efficiency and lower toxicity than chemical drugs. However, the administration of therapeutic peptides/proteins is mainly limited in parenteral approach. Oral therapy which was hampered by harsh gastrointestinal environment and poorly penetrating epithelial barriers often results in low bioavailability (less than 1%-2%). Therefore, delivery systems that are rationally designed to overcome these challenges in gastrointestinal tract and ameliorate the oral bioavailability of therapeutic peptides/proteins are seriously promising. In this review, we summarized various multifunctional delivery systems, including lipid-based particles, polysaccharide-based particles, inorganic particles, and synthetic multifunctional particles that achieved effective oral delivery of therapeutic peptides/proteins.

Objective To analyze the epidemic status of principal human parasites, so as to provide scientific evidence for making prevention countermeasures for Guangdong Province in the future. Methods In 2015, a survey was performed according to the scheme of "The 3rd National Survey of Principal Human Parasites"as well as the incidence of parasites disease in Guangdong Province,the residents at 48 investiation sites in counties were surveyed. The survey of the soil-transmitted nematodes (Ascariasis, Ancylostoma, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis) and intestinal protozoa were performed based on the ecological regions and stratified by economic and geographic situation.The survey of food borne Clonorchis sinensis was performed along with the soil-transmitted nematodes in rural areas, and it was performed by the sample method of random cluster in cities and towns.The residents in each investigation site as the object, the ovum of the soil-transmitted nematodes, Clonorchis sinensis and other helminths were examed by the modified Kato-Katz method, test tube filter paper was used to identify Hookwormspecies, and the intestinal protozoa was checked by direct smear method. The transparent tape anal swabs method for children aged 3 - 6 years to check Enterobius vermicularis. Results Totally 12 401 residents of 48 survey sites from 22 counties were surveyed, and the total infection rate of intestinal parasites was 8.29%(1 028/12 401). The infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes was 3.39% (420/12 401),in which the infection rate of Ascariasis, Ancylostoma, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis were 0.52% (64/12 401), 1.89%(234/12 401),0.46%(57/12 401),and 0.52%(65/12 401),respectively.The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 4.90%(608/12 401). Nine hundred and sixty-seven children were tested for eggs of Enterobius vermicularis with the infection rate of 12.41% (120/967). The number of hook larva culture was 153, among them, 140 were hookworm larvae of America and no duodenal hookworm larvae and other nematode species were found.Totally 9 309 residents were tested for intestinal protozoa infection,and the infection rate was 0.31%(29/9 309). Conclusion In Guangdong Province, the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes is decreasing while the infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis is still high, and the control work of parasites still should be strengthened especially for food borne parasitic diseases.

Objective To review and investigate the malaria control history of Wuzhou City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 1950 to 2015,so as to provide the evidence for future malaria control and surveillance. Methods The data of ma?laria control in Wuzhou City from 1950 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. Results In 1950 decade,the malaria incidence in Wuzhou City was 1 435.55/100 000,higher than the average level in Guangxi,and the mortality of malaria was 0.95/100 000. The malaria incidence of local residents was reduced to 3.61/100 000 in 1979 and no local malaria case was found since. The im?ported malaria cases were found in Wuzhou City since 1980,and were more than local cases since 1981. In recent five years, 87.50%(7/8)of imported malaria cases were from south?east Asia. Conclusions Wuzhou City has reached the national criteri?on of malaria elimination,but the imported malaria is the recent threat. The surveillance and control work of malaria should be strengthened.

Objective To establish the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods for the quantitative determination of IgG antibodies against diphtheria (DT) and tetanus (TT).MethodsPurified diphtheria toxiod and tetanus toxoid were respectively used as the coating antigens,the human-derived serum antibody standard substance of DT and TT served as the standard substance.The dose-response curves of the tested samples and standard substance were fitted.Then the two quantitative ELISA methods for determining the antibody to DT (Anti-DT) and antibody to TT (Anti-TT) were established with the parallel lines method.Then the methodological verification and application study were conducted.Results The validation results of the two quantitative ELISA measurement methods were in accordance with the regulations.The quantity limit of ELISA method for quantitative detection of Anti-DT demonstrated to be 0.084 mIU/mL,its average recovery rate was 97.6%.The intra-assay coefficient of variation(CV) and inter-assay CV of this Anti-DT assay were ≤ 3.40% and ≤5.05%,respectively.The quantity limit of ELISA method for quantitative detection of Anti-TT demonstrated to be 0.175 mIU/mL,its average recovery rate was 97.5%.The intra-assay CV and inter-assay CV of this Anti-TT assay were ≤ 2.42% and ≤5.58%,respectively.These two methods were applied for the immunogenicity evaluation after infantile basic immunization by diphtheria and tetanus vaccines.Conclusion The two established quantitative ELISA methods demonstrate high accuracy and good reproducibility,which are suitable for the ordinary laboratory to carry out the work and can be used in the serological effect evaluation after diphtheria and tetanus vaccine immunization and epidemiological study of diphtheria and tetanus disease.