The effects of flavones of epinedium brevicornum maxim (FEBM) on hemorrheological Parameters of rabbits were studied. It was found that FEBM at 0.1 or 0.4g?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)ig b. i. d. could inhibit thrombosis in vitro,at 0.4 g?kg~(-1)? d~(-1) could reduce blood mucosity at 2～40 s~(-1) shearing and inhibit agglutination of red cells. It was demonstrated that the inhibition of thrombosis and the reduction of blood mucosity might be due to the effects of FEBM on agglutination of red cells.

Objective To analyze the genotype distribution of human papillomavirus( HPV) strains and their epidemiological characteristics in cervixes of Chinese females. Methods Pertinent litera-tures published during 2004 to 2013 were screened from PubMed,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)and Wanfang database for data analysis. Results There were 245 studies screened out for the me-ta-analysis. A total of 661 658 cases met the inclusion criteria,ranging from 16 to 87 years old. All prov-inces and territories of China were covered by the data. The overall rate of HPV infection in cervix was 25. 0% among Chinese females. The predominant high risk genotype of human papillomavirus strains was HPV16,followed by HPV52,HPV58,HPV18,HPV33 and HPV31. HPV52 and HPV58 genotypes were more prevalent than HPV18 genotype. HPV35 and HPV45 genotypes were less popular. Conclusion The study suggested that the HPV infection showed obvious regional differences in genotypes. The genotype dis-tribution of HPV infection in China was different from that in other regions of the world. There were differ-ences with genotype distribution of HPV strains among seven geographic regions of China.

The scientific definition for the nature of medical law,the personnel training objectives and the nature of talent is the prerequisite in the construction of the course system for medical science of Law. The construction of the course system for medical science of law is playing a central role in the training of medical law professionals,and it should highlight the talent nature of medicine and law based on following unique principles of training of medical law professionals. Professional course system of medical law should operate on the basis of a variety of securities.

BACKGROUND: As a candidate gene of congenital heart disease, ACTC1 gene is related to congenital atrial septal defect inhumans.OBJECTIVE: To perform a mutation screen of ACTC1 gene in 110 nuclear families of congenital heart disease.METHODS: A case-control study was conducted based on 110 nuclear families of congenital heart disease and 300 normalhuman beings with no reported cardiac malformation. Six fragments in the coding region of ACTC1 gene was amplified by PCR invitro using five primers pairs. PCR products were screened for gene mutations.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A novel G-to-A variant was found at the third nucleotide of the intron downstream from exon 5.This mutation existed in a 5-year-old female with an isolated ventricular septal defect and her 30-year-old father, who had noreported cardiac anomalies. This mutation was not detected in 300 normal controls. These findings indicate that the mutation maybe related with congenital ventricular septal defects in humans.

Objective To analyze the feasibility of the recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) as a carrier protein candidate for the preparing of polysaccharide-protein conjugate, and to discuss the immune effects of tetanus toxoid (TT) as the carrier protein in mucosal delivery vaccine. Methods The refolded pentrumer protein, rCTB was obtained by genetic engineering methods. Then conjugated the refold-ed protein with group A meningococcal polysaccharide (GAMP) using the chemical method(ADH) ,the pol-ysaccharide-protein conjugates(GAMP-rCTB) were prepared. BALB/c mice were immunized either intraper-itoneally ( i. p. ) or intranasally ( i. n. ) with GAMP-rCTB. Moreover, GAMP-TT vaccine that TT as carrier proteins was i.n. immunized to the mice. The evaluation of immunology is performed. Results The conju-gates of polysaccharide-potein with the rCTB and TT as protein carrier both are able to elicit high level of GAMP specific IgG antibody in serum after i.n. immunization, and the conjugates can also elicit specific IgA antibody in lung lavage and intestinal mucosa. Conclusion rCTB and TT can both as the protein carri-er for polysaccharide-protein conjugate as mucosal vaccine. The route of intranasal may be more ways for im-mune function than i.p. immunization when rCTB is used as the carrier of the polysaccharide-protein conju-gates.

The enantiomers separation of thirteen drugs collected in Ch.P2010 was performed on chiral stationary phase of cellulose ramification (chiralpak OD and chiralpak OJ) by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods,which included ibuprofen (Cl),ketoprofen (C2),nitrendipine (C3),nimodipine (C4),felodipine (C5),omeprazole (C6),praziquantel (C7),propranolol hydrochloride (C8),atenolol (C9),sulpiride (C10),clenbuterol hydrochloride (C11),verapamil hydrochloride (C12),and chlorphenamine maleate (C13).The mobile phase consisted of isopropanol and n-hexane.The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm and the flow rate was 0.7 mL/min.The enantiomers separation of these thirteen racemates on chiralpak OD column and chiralpak OJ column was studied,while the effects of proportion of organic additives,alcohol displacer and temperature on the separation were studied.And the mechanism of some of racemates was discussed.The results indicated that thirteen chiral drugs could be separated on chiral stationary phase of cellulose ramification in normal phase chromatographic system.The chromatographic retention and resolution of enantiomers could be adjusted by factors including column temperature and the concentration of alcohol displacer and organic alkaline modifier in mobile phase.It was shown that the resolution was improved with reducing concentration of alcohol displacer.When concentration of organic alkaline modifier was 0.2％ (v/v),the resolution and the peak shape were fairly good.Most racemates mentioned above had better resolution at column temperature of 25 ℃.When racemates were separated,the temperature should be kept so as to obtain stable separation results.

Objective To investigate the status and needs of training medical staff in county-level medical institutions in Guangxi to provide preferences for developing training programs. Methods Self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate a random sample of 477 medical staffs in 9 county-level medical institutions including People's Hospi-tals, Chinese Medical Hospitals, Maternity and Child Care Hospitals in Wuming, Liujiang, Rongxian counties. Re-sults 13% of the medical staffs had never participated in training; 28.1% of them were trained once a month; 50.7% of them were trained for less than a week. 39.4% of them expected to receive training once a year , 21.6% expected a week to half a month and 21.8% expected three months to six months. 60.4% of them expected to receive new knowl-edge and technique training. 73.6%of them expected to go to provincial hospitals for training and 57% of them expect-ed to receive extension study. Conclusion There are differences between medical staff training needs and status. Exist-ing questions are incomplete training coverage, too dense training frequency ,too short training period, medical staffs urgently need the training of continuing professional development, new technology and professional knowledge, and training effect is not obvious. We can establish medical staff in-service training incentives ,increase medical staffing and reform training methods to encourage and attract more medical staff to attend training.

Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular catabolic process used to degrade cytoplasmic components. In recent years, it has attracted much attention because of its importance in the pathogenesis and targeted therapy of acute and chronic kidney disease. Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining renal homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions. The study of conditional autophagy related gene knockout specific to various renal cells has gradually revealed the role of autophagy in renal diseases. Recent studies have found that autophagy deficiency may play a key role in different pathological states of the kidney. Activated autophagy shows cytoprotective function in both glomerulus and renal tubulointerstitium, suggesting that the up regulation of autophagy may become a potential therapeutic strategy. However, there is also contrary evidence that autophagy may be harmful, which poses a great challenge to the development of therapeutic strategies for up-regulated autophagy.

【Objective】 To explore a transfusion therapeutic plan for hemolytic disease of the newborn(HDN) caused by anti-c antibodies in mother of Asian-type DEL. 【Methods】 The ABO blood type and Rh phenotype of the mother and child were determined using the saline tube method. The mother′s RhD negativity was confirmed through classical anti-human globulin testing and RhD adsorption-elution test. The mother′s unexpected antibodies were screened and their titers were measured using classical anti-human globulin testing, antibody card test and polyamine method. Cross-matching was conducted. The three hemolysis tests were performed by antibody card test. The mother′s RHD gene typing was conducted using a commercially available RHD negative identification gene detection kit (PCR-SSP method). 【Results】 The mother exhibited a CCee Rh serological phenotype, and the DEL gene test confirmed the presence of RHD*1227A, indicating the production of anti-c antibodies. The infant displayed a DCcEe Rh serological phenotype, positive for direct antiglobulin test and red cell elution. Based on the mother′s obstetric history, clinical manifestations of the infant and blood examination results, the diagnosis was HDN caused by anti-c antibodies. 【Conclusion】 For infants with HDN caused by anti-c antibodies in mother of Asian-type DEL, DCCee Rh phenotype red blood cell transfusion is recommended, while CCee Rh phenotype deglycerolized red blood cell transfusion is recommended for the mother.

Objective: To explore the clinical features and risk factors of hepatic injury due to immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) therapy in malignant tumor. Methods: Data of 112 patients (64 men and 48 women) who received CPI between January 2016 and March 2019 in Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Shenzhen Hospital, and Huazhong University of Science and Techology Union Shenzhen Hospital were retrospectively collected. The median age of these patients was 60 years. Results: Hepatic adverse events were observed in 30 patients out of 112 patients (26.8%). Among them, the incidence of grade 3-5 hepatic adverse events were 7.14% (8/112). The median time of hepatic adverse event occurrence was 3 weeks (2-30) after undergoing therapy. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses showed that liver cancer was attributed to the CPI induced hepatitis (P<0.05). Patients with severe hepatic injury got almost complete resolution after receiving methlprednisolone for 4 to 6 weeks. Conclusion Live cancer is the risk factor of CPI-related hepatic adverse events.