GC-MS analysis showed that seed oil of Borago offciinalis contains up to 20.01% ?-linolenic acid. Urea fractionation- vacuum distillation separation allowed us to obtain fractions of methyl-?-linolenate of 92.8% purity at a yield of 50%.

Objective: To discuss the effects of prevention and treatment of intensive controlled training of scapula for the pain of shoulder in patients with hemiplegia. Method:65 stroke patients werer randomly divided into treatment group (35 cases) and control group( 30 cases). All of them received routine rehabilitation. The treatment group was intensive trained on scapula control. Result: In the treatment group the pain of shoulder and function of upper- limbs were signficantly improved,as compare with control group. Conclusion:It's indicated that the intensive controlled training of scapula was effective for prevention and care of the pain of shoulder in hemiplegia.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of seretide (50 μg/500 μg salmeterol/fluticasone propionate) with seretide (50 μg/250 μg salmeterol/fluticasone propionate) in single inhaler in the treatment of patients with stable status moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)Methods Sixty patients with COPD were randomly divided into the treatment and the control groups.Baseline treatments were similar in all patients,patients in the treatment group received seretide (50 μg/500 μg) while the control group received seretide (50 μg/250 μg) inhalation once every 12 hours for 24 weeks Before and after the therapeutic course,tests for lung function in patients of the two groups were conducted and compared with each other.Clinical symptoms and physical signs were graded by questionnaire.Results There was no significant difference on indexes of lung function between the two groups at baseline (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment,the score of clinical symptoms and signs in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group ((4.0 ± 0.5) vs.(4.8 ± 0.3),t =2.63,P ＜ 0.05).Six minutes walking distance was longer in the treatment group than that in the control group ((451.6±22.9) meter vs.(401.2 ±25.4) meter,t =2.51,P ＜0.05).The levels of forced exhaled gas volume 1 (FEV1),FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/pred in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group ([FEV1:(2.18 ± 0.38) L vs.(1.78 ± 0.45) L;FEV1/pred:(63.19 ±9.08)％ vs.(57.19 ±9.25)％; FEV1/FVC％:(73.8 ±5.6)％ vs.(67.3 ± 11.5)％ ;P ＜ 0.05).Conclnsion High dosage of seretide had better effect in the treatment of stable moderate and severe COPD,and can obviously improve patients' lung function,clinical symptoms and quality of life.

Objective Many studies have proved that the ABCD 2 score can be used to predict early stroke risk after transient ischemic attack ( TIA) , but few reports are seen on its predictive value for early stroke risk after TIA in different types of circulation . This article aimed to evaluate the ABCD 2 score in predicting early stroke risk following anterior or posterior circulation TIA . Methods Patients with definitely diagnosed TIA consecutively included in Nanjing Stroke Registration System from September 2011 to December 2012 were classified into anterior and posterior circulation TIAs .Various risk factors were collected and a 90-day follow-up was conduc-ted.The ABCD2 score was obtained from each patient and its predictive value assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results A total of 204 patients were analyzed in the study , including 59 (28.9%) females, 143 with anterior and 61 with posterior circulation TIA, aged 63.7 ±11.2 years.There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence rate of stroke within 90 days between the anterior and posterior circulation TIAs (11.2% vs 9.8%, P=0.776).The mean ABCD2 score was re-markably higher in the anterior than in the posterior circulation TIA (3.7 ±1.5 vs 2.5 ±1.3, P<0.001).The area under the curve (AUC) in predicting stroke risk was 0.711 for the former (95%CI:0.575-0.847, P=0.006) and 0.555 for the latter (0.298-0.820, P=0.637). Conclusion The ABCD2 score can predict early stroke risk in anterior but not in posterior circulation TIA .

Objective To determine the renal effects of chronic exercise training and enalapril in uninephrectomized anti-Thy-1 nephritis Wistar rats (Thy-1-Crf). Methods 5-week-old Wistar rats were subjected to uninephrectomy. Anti-Thy-1 nephritis was induced by injecting 200 μg/kg OX-7 intravenously once a week for four times. They were divided into 3 groups: non exercise; moderate exercise with treadmill running(20 m/min, 0 grade-incline for 60 min); moderate exercise with an angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors, enalapril (2 mg/kg/day i.p.) for 8 weeks.Results Exercise did not suppress the increase in proteinuria in Thy-1-Crf. However, enalapril significantly decreased systolic blood pressure(SBP), urinary protein excretion(UpE), and index of glomerular sclerosis (IGS) in Thy-1-Crf. Conclusion The renal protective effects of moderate exercise in models of renal failure differ depending on the etiology of renal failure. It also suggests that enalapril can widen the acceptable range of exercise intensity in Thy-1-Crf.

Objective To explore the function and mechanism of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in bladder cancer cell proliferation and aggressivity.Methods The ERα expression bladder cancer cell line T24ERα model was established.The cell growth was detected by MTT assay,apoptosis by flow cytometry,cell invasion by matrigel transwell.Western blot was used to check signals by ERα regulation in bladder cancer cells related to the proliferation and metastatic ability.Results Compared to the control group,the cell inhibition rates of experimental group in 96 h and 144 h were 18.85％ and 37.21％,respectively.The difference was significant compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis rates of the experimental group and control group were (18.93 ±1.41)％ and (9.91 ±1.08)％ (P＜0.05).The experimental group through matrix adhesive cell proportion was (10.00 ± 2.00)％,significantly lower than that of the control group (26.00 ± 3.61) ％ (P ＜ 0.05).Western blot showed integrin-β1,p-FAK,p-Src and Scr expression were reduced compared to control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ERα could inhibit bladder cancer cell growth and metastasis through down-regulating integrin-β1-FAK/Src signal pathway,while promote the apoptosis of bladder cancer cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of genistein on the proliferation,migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods Prostate cancer LNCaP and CWR22RV1 cells were divided into the control group(conventional culture)and the experimental group(50μmol/L genistein treatment).The effect of genistein on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells were analyzed by MTT assay.The effect of genistein on the migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells were analyzed by cell scratch assay and Transwell assay.The protein levels of epithelial interstital transformation(EMT)intermediate markers E-Cadherin,N-Cadherin,Vimentin,and tumor stem cell markers CD44 and Oct-4 were detected by Western blot assay.Results MTT assay showed that genistein could inhibit the proliferation of prostate cancer cells.The scratch closure rates of LNCaP and CWR22RV1 cells were significantly reduced in the experimental group compared with those in the control group,and the number of cells passing through the Transwell membrane was significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Western blot assay showed that genistein could down-regulate the expression levels of N-Cadherin,Vimentin,CD44 and Oct4 in prostate cancer cells,and up-regulate the expression of E-Cadherin in epithelial cells(P＜0.01).Conclusion Genistein reduces the dryness of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting the EMT process,thus reducing the proliferation,migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells.

Objective To study the influence of protein intake in learning and memory capabilities and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression in premature rats.Methods Premature rars were randomly divided into three groups after weaning:preterm standard protein group,preterm low protein group and preterm high protein group.After weaning,three groups were respectively fed with standard protein diets (18％ protein),low protein diets (8％ protein) and high protein diets (30％ protein) until the end of experiment.When rats were at the 6th and 8th weeks,they were performed Morris water maze test to assess the learning and memory abilities,and irnmunohistochemistry and Westem blotting were used to observe the mTOR distribution and mTOR protein expression in the hippocampus.Results At the age of 6 weeks,the escape latencies of the premature rats did not change significantly on the 3rd and 4th day of the experiment; the frequency of crossing the platform and the mTOR-positive cells in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions of each group showed no significant differences (P＞0.05).At the age of 8 weeks,the escape latencies in finding the platform were shortened with increased training times for premature rats; the frequency of crossing the platform of high-protein premature rats was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P＜0.05); and the mTOR expression in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions of high-protein premature rats was also significantly increased as compared with the other two groups (P＜0.05).High-protein premature rats at the age of 8 weeks had significantly higher frequency of crossing the platform and increased mTOR-positive cells in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions than those at the age of 6 weeks (P＜0.05).Western blotting also indicated that the hippocampal mTOR protein expression was not significantly different in each group at 6 week-old; the mTOR expression of high-protein premature rats was significantly higher than that in the other two groups at the age of 8 weeks.Conclusions In the early growth and development process of the brain,mTOR activity might be inhibited in the premature birth rats,which can lead to impaired learning and memory abilities.After a long time of high protein nutritional intake,impaired learning and cognitive abilities of premature rats can get recovery,which may be associated with up-regulation ofmTOR expression.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses a severe threat to the poultry industry and causes heavy economic losses worldwide. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infection and controlling the spread of IBV, but currently available inactivated and attenuated virus vaccines have some disadvantages. We developed a chimeric virus-like particle (VLP)-based candidate vaccine for IBV protection. The chimeric VLP was composed of matrix 1 protein from avian influenza H5N1 virus and a fusion protein neuraminidase (NA)/spike 1 (S1) that was generated by fusing IBV S1 protein to the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of NA protein of avian influenza H5N1 virus. The chimeric VLPs elicited significantly higher S1-specific antibody responses in intramuscularly immunized mice and chickens than inactivated IBV viruses. Furthermore, the chimeric VLPs induced significantly higher neutralization antibody levels than inactivated H120 virus in SPF chickens. Finally, the chimeric VLPs induced significantly higher IL-4 production in mice. These results demonstrate that chimeric VLPs have the potential for use in vaccines against IBV infection.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; *Chickens ; Chimera/genetics/immunology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control/*veterinary/virology ; Female ; *Immunity, Innate ; Infectious bronchitis virus/genetics/*immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/genetics/immunology ; Injections, Intramuscular/veterinary ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neuraminidase/genetics ; Poultry Diseases/*prevention & control/virology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics/*immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage/genetics/immunology ; Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage/genetics/*immunology ; Viral Proteins/genetics

OBJECTIVEThis study investigated the effect of catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) in pigs with rapid pacing induced heart failure.

METHODSHeart failure was induced by rapid right ventricular pacing in 12 pigs and pigs were randomly divided into RDN group (n = 6): pacing+RDN at 7 days post pacing; control group (n = 6): pacing only. Echocardiography examination (LVEF, LVEDD and LVESD) was performed before pacing and at 1 and 2 weeks post pacing. Serum biochemical markers including renin, aldosterone and creatinine were also measured at baseline, 1 and 2 weeks after pacing. Repeated renal artery angiography was performed at 1 week after RDN. All pigs were sacrificed to examine the heart and renal pathology and renal artery sympathetic nerve staining at 2 weeks post pacing.

RESULTSLVEF decreased 1 week after rapid pacing from (60.5 ± 6.0)% to (35.3 ± 9.8)%. LVEF was significantly higher [(42.8 ± 5.9) % vs. (33.4 ± 9.7)%, P = 0.001 8] while LVESD was significantly lower [(28.4 ± 3.7) mm vs. (33.0 ± 2.0) mm, P = 0.001 6] in the RDN group than in the control group at 2 weeks post pacing. At 2 weeks after pacing, plasma concentrations of renin and aldosterone were significantly lower in RDN group compared to the control group (all P < 0.05) . Kidney function and blood pressure were comparable between the two groups at 2 weeks post pacing. There were no signs of renal damages such as renal artery stenosis, dissection and thrombus in all pigs after 2 weeks pacing. Sympathetic neurons of adventitia were injured in RND group.

CONCLUSIONRDN could significantly improve cardiac function and attenuate left ventricular remodeling via inhibiting renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in this pacing induced pig heart failure model.

Animals ; Cardiac Pacing, Artificial ; adverse effects ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Heart Failure ; etiology ; surgery ; Kidney ; innervation ; Male ; Swine ; Sympathectomy ; methods