Objective: To study the effects of enzymolytic extracts of abalone (EEA) on memory of mice, and compared with water extracts of abalone (WEA). Methods: Mice were given EEA or WEA once daily lasting 10 d. Their step-down latency (SDL) and escape latency (EL) in a passive avoidance , and food-hunting time in a maze were determined. Results: EEA 2-8 ml/kg lengthened SDL by 13.7 %-105.3 %, shortened EL by 40.0 %-60.0 % and food-hunting time by 28.3 %-49.4 %, in a dose-dependent manner. EEA reversed ethanol-induced disturbance of memory retrial in a passive avoidance and NaNO2-induced disruption of memory retention in a passive avoidance and maze. Significant action of WEA was not observed until the dose of WEA was increased to 8 ml/kg. Conclusion: EEA improves learning and memory, more effective than WEA.

Objective To investigate the multiple risk factors for lower extremity lymphedema in patients following treatment of common gynecologic cancers by meta-analysis for systematic analysis and comprehensive quantitative study.Methods Clinical trials published up until August 2016 were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library.The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and data analysis was performed using Stata 14.0 and RevMan 5.3.The strength of the associations between risk factors and gynecologic cancer-related lower extremity lymphedema was described as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, and 8 relevant factors were identified.The risk factors for lower extremity lymphedema after treatment of gynecologic cancer mainly included radiotherapy (OR=2.45, 95%CI:2.05-2.95, P=0.000), FIGO stage (OR=2.29, 95%CI:1.66-3.14, P=0.000), and pelvic lymph node dissection (OR=2.00, 95%CI:1.02-3.91, P=0.040).Conclusions Radiotherapy, FIGO stage, and pelvic lymph node dissection are the main risk factors for lower extremity lymphedema after treatment of gynecologic cancers.

Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the chemoradiotherapy efficacy of rectal cancer (RC).This study aimed to screen the chemoradiotherapy-associated microRNAs and their target genes of RC through bioinformatics approaches in order to promote the fundamental study of RC chemoradiotherapy.Methods The chemoradiotherapy-associated microRNAs were manually searched through the published papers via PubMed and its target genes were identified by comprehensively analyzing these public data of microRNA-mRNA and gene expression profiles.Both gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of the target genes were performed by DAVID and IPA programs,respectively.Results A total of 38 microRNAs were collected from PubMed,and 3 545 putative target genes were inferred from the integrated microRNA-mRNA associations,among them,131 were differentially expressed (DE) (P ＜ 0.05) in the selected gene expression profile (GSE35452).The GO and pathway enrichment analyses indicated that the DE genes were closely involved in the responses of chemoradiotherapy of RC.Conclusions These microRNAs and their regulated DE genes may contribute to the molecular mechanism of the differential efficacy of RC chemoradiotherapy,which may provide a theoretical reference for predicting the response of RC to chemoradiotherapy.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and management options of fetal nuchal cystic hygroma(NCH). Methods Ten cases of fetal nuchal cystic hygroma from Mar 1996 to Mar 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. The sonographic images, fetal karyotype examination after amniocentesis, TORCH results and pathology were reviewed. Results The sonogram detected a large cystic mass around the posterior of the neck. The smallest one was 5.3 cm?4.8 cm?4.0 cm in size and the biggest 12.6 cm?6.6 cm?4.0 cm. The nuchal ligament could be seen inside the mass. Four cases complicated with pleural effusions and 4 with pleural effusions, ascites and skin edema. One case was deliveried in full term and the other 9 cases were induced (including 4 fetal death). Seven cases were examined for TORCH of amniotic fluid among which only one TOX PCR positive. The karyotype examination was performed in 6 cases. The results were 45XO(3 cases), 45XO/46XX (60:40) and 45XX,-21,-22,+t(21;22). The only alive baby is 46XX. Conclusions Ultrasound and invasive amniocentesis to detect the fetal karyotype have an important role in early diagnosis and management of nuchal cystic hygroma. Nuchal cystic hygromas are associated with Turner’s syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.

The pediatric reference intervals in clinical laboratory play an important role in diagnosis of illness,therapeutic monitoring,prediction of prognosis and health evaluation.Compared with establishing reference interval for adults,there are more challenges to establish pediatric reference intervals.Therefore,the procedure and key technologies of direct method and indirect method are stated based on the characteristics of children population and pediatric,by which to define,transfer and validate pediatric reference intervals.This study will provide systematically methodological ideas for clinical laboratories to establish pediatric reference intervals.

Objective:To understand the clinical and laboratory characteristics of primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in children.Methods:Totally 210 cases with primary EBV infection from September 2016 to March 2017 in Department of Infectious Diseases, Children′s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai were retrospectively collected. The clinical information (fever, rash, etc), and laboratory data such as liver function, EBV test (serological test, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-DNA) were analyzed.Results:The age of children with primary EBV infection was (4.2±2.4) years. Numbers of patients with fever, tonsil and/or pharynx exudation, cervical lymphadenopathy, eyelid edema and rash were 187 (89.0%), 130 (61.9%), 204 (97.1%), 95 (45.2%) and 21 (10.0%), respectively. A total of 120 cases (57.1%) presented with typical triplets of infectious mononucleosis. Absolute lymphocyte count ≥5.0×10 9/L was found in 177 cases (84.3%), and abnormal lymphocyte ratio≥0.10 was found in 184 cases (87.6%). Elevated transaminase level was found in 96 cases (45.6%), and 72 cases were followed until transaminase level back to normal, in whom 97.2% (70/72) patient returned to normal within six weeks. Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen (EBV-VCA)-IgM was positive in 192 cases (91.4%). EBV-VCA-IgG and Epstein-Barr viral early antigen (EBV-EA)-IgG positive were presented in 182 cases (86.7%) and 62 cases (29.5%), respectively. Epstein-Barr viral nuclear antigen (EBV-NA)-IgG was negative in all cases. EBV DNA test was carried in 199 cases, of which 122 cases (61.3%) were positive. Conclusions:Pediatric primary EBV infection mainly occurs in preschoolers. Most patients are presented with enlarged cervical lymph nodes, fever, and positive EBV serological markers. Transient transaminase elevation is observed in some cases.

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is the first line treatment for complete staghorn calculi, but there are risks such as renal function damage, bleeding, and infection. A case of complete staghorn calculi 8.3 cm×4.5 cm and mean CT value of 1 321 HU was reported. Urine culture suggested proteus mirabilis infection. The patient was given sensitive antibiotics for 3 days, and was treated with one session of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic lithotripsy with intelligent control of renal pelvic pressure. KUB on the first postoperative day showed residual stones of 1.0 cm×0.5 cm. There were no complications.

Objective:To investigate the value of lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRG) for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).Methods:GSE46862, a genome-wide expression data of LARC treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy, was obtained from the Gene Expression Database, and differential expression analysis was performed to obtain differentially expressed genes. The LMRG were collected from the MSigDB database and intersected with differentially expressed genes to obtain differentially expressed LMRG. Candidate LMRG were identified based on three machine learning algorithms including least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), support vector machine - recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and random forest (RF). Functional enrichment analysis was performed using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis to obtain potential function and involved pathways. The accuracy of the candidate LMRG in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for LARC was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results:A total of eight candidate LMRG ( ALOX5AP, FADS2, GALC, PLA2G12A, AGPAT1, AACS, DGKG, ACSBG2) were screened which were mainly involved in biological processes related to lipid metabolism and were involved in the regulation of several important lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways. In addition, these eight candidate LMRG possessed high area under the ROC curve (AUC) for predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for LARC. Conclusion:The eight LMRG identified based on three machine learning algorithms had high accuracy in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for LARC, providing clues to identify molecular markers and potential therapeutic targets for preoperative neoadjuvant radiotherapy evaluation of LARC.

Objective:To evaluate the dose calculation accuracy of cone-beam CT (CBCT) image by actual measurement method.Methods:CBCT images of 60 patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from September, 2021 to May, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. CBCT images of full-fan and half-fan scanning of the head, half-fan scanning of the chest and pelvis were obtained by the Varian OBI system. Hounsfield unit - electron density (HU-ED) curves corresponding to the scanning conditions were established with CIRS electron density phantom. The radiotherapy plans were designed on the CBCT images, and the dose calculation results of the detection point were compared with the ionization chamber measurement results to analyze the dose error. Then, three-dimensional dose verification system was adopted to detect the accuracy of the CBCT image radiotherapy plans implementation process in 60 patients, and the accuracy of dose calculation was verified according to the D 99%, D mean, D 1% of target volume, D mean and D 1% of organs at risk (OAR), and the γ pass rate. Results:In point dose detection in phantom, the dose calculation errors of CBCT images in the above four scanning patterns were -1.06%±0.87%、-1.67%±0.86%, 0.91%±0.73%, -1.54%±0.90%, respectively. In dosimetric verification based on patients' CBCT image treatment plan, the mean difference of D mean, D 99%, and D 1% of planning target volume (PTV) in all scanning modes were not higher than 2%, and the D mean and D 1% differences of other OAR were not higher than 3%, except for the lens of patients in the head. The average γ values of target volume and OAR were less than 0.5 under the criteria of 3%/2 mm. Conclusions:Under the condition of correctly establishing HU-ED curves, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) / volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning based on CBCT images can be employed to estimate and monitor the actual dose to target volume and OAR in adaptive radiotherapy. Full-fan scanning patterns can further improve the accuracy of dose calculation for the head of patients.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) has become the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).However,the response to NCRT varies among LARC patients and a subset of patients show resistance to NCRT.NCRT may delay the timing of surgery and even reduce the overall survival.Therefore,it is of significance to identify biomarkers for predicting the clinical efficacy of NCRT,screen patients who are resistant to NCRT and perform surgery as early as possible,eventually establishing an individualized therapeutic strategy.MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression,which areinvolved in multiple signaling pathways and DNA damage repair process and affect the radiosensitivity of rectal cancer cells.Many recent studies have evaluated the role of microRNA in predicting the response to NCRT.The purpose of this article is to review the research progress and validate the role of microRNA in predicting the clinical efficacy of NCRT for rectal cancer.