Objective To explore the affection and related factors of risperidone on the metabolic indexes in schizophrenia patients.Methods 56 cases hospitalized schizophrenia patients were treated with risperidone for 16 weeks.Waistline,blood glucose and blood lipid,blood pressure and other indicators were observed before and after treatment,risk factors that caused metabolic syndrome (MS) and abnormal indexes were analyzed,and 36 healthy persons as control group.Results The rate of MS in patient group was obviously higher than that in control group ( 12.50％ vs 0％,P =0.026).Waistline,triglyceride ( TG),high density lipoprotein ( HDL-C ),and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) in patient group ( (4.15 ± 3.14)cm in man and (4.41 ± 2.86)cm in woman,(0.26 ±0.51 ) mmol/L,(-0.09 ±0.19) mmol/L,(0.49 ±0.84) mmol/L) increased compared with that in control group ( ( 0.76 ± 1.09 ) cm in man and ( 0.64 ± 0.81 ) cm in woman,( 0.04 ± 0.15 ) mmol/L,(-0.01 ± 0.12)mmol/L,(0.04 ± 0.35 ) mmol/L) at the 16th weekend,and difference was significantly (P ＜ 0.05 ).Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors were family history of diabetes Odds Ratio (OR) 20.34 (95％ CI 1.97 ～210) and age OR 1.19(95％CI 1.03 ～ 1.38),the basis waistline OR 1.26 (95％ CI 1.04 ～ 1.52) and family history of obesity OR 4.27(95％ CI 1.21 ～ 15.1 ),the basis TG OR 73.88 (95％ CI 3.41 ～ 16.01 ) and the basis systolic pressure OR 1.16 (95％ CI 1.00 ～ 1.33 ),the basis waistline OR 1.41 (95 ％ CI 1.08 ～ 1.84 ) and age OR 1.53 (95％ CI 1.02 ～ 1.31 ) in developed MS,abnormal rate of waistline,TG,and 2hPG.Conclusion Risperidone can cause abdominal obesity,metabolic disorders of glucose and lipid even MS.So it shoud be used carefully for the patient who is old and has family history of diabetes and obesity posture.