BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the ischemia preconditioning (IPC) had credible protective efficiency on ischemic injury of the spinal cord during aorta operation, but the mechanism of the protective efficiency of IPC had not been clarified.OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effects of repetitive IPC on ischemic injury of spinal cord and its mechanism in rabbits.DESIGN: A completely randomized controlled study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Department of anesthesiology in a university hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University during September and December 2002. Twenty-four Japanese rabbits were randomly and double-blindly divided into sham-operation group, ischemia-reperfusion group and IPC group with 8 rabbits in each group.INTERVENTIONS: In sham-operation group, abdominal aorta was not clamped. Spinal cord ischemia was induced by infra-renal aortic cross-clamp for 45 minutes in ischemia-reperfusion group. Before the 45 minutes ischemia, the rabbits in the IPC group underwent four cycles of ischemia preconditioning, i.e. clamping abdominal aorta for 5 minutes then reperfusion for 5 minutes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The concentrations of calcium, magnesium, copper and zincum in spinal cord were measured in the 7th day after operation. Postoperative neurological function, EMG of rear limb, and spinal cord histopathological changes were assessed in all groups after operation.RESULTS: The concentrations of calcium and copper in spinal cord in ischemia-reperfusion group were significantly higher than those in sham-operation group( P ＜ 0. 05 or 0. 01 ), but magnesium and zincum significantly lower( P ＜ 0. 05). Compared with IPC group, calcium in ischemia-reperfusion group was significantly higher( P ＜ 0.01 ), but zincum significantly lower( P ＜ 0.01 ) . The neurological function and histopatholohical changes in ischemia-reperfusion group were much lower than those in sham-operation group and IPC group ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01) . And there was significantly worse change of EMG in ischemia-repeffusion group than that in IPC group(P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: Repetitive ischemic preconditioning can protect rabbit spinal cord from ischemia reperfusion injury quickly, and one possible reason for its protective effect is to maintain the balance of calcium, magnesium,copper and zincum in ischemic region.

Objective To explore the efficacy of sulfasalazine for treatment for epilepsy induced by gliomas .Methods The patients with epilepsy caused by gliomas in neurosurgery department were recruited from March 2006 to December 2013 .Epilepsy was controlled with sulfasalazine .The efficacy of sulfasalazine for treatment for epilepsy induced by glioma were analyzed to calcu-late the 50% response rate ,75% response rate and seizure-free rate .Meanwhile the outcomes scores of therapy of sulfasalazine for varieties types of epilepsy were evaluated ,according to the end result of scoring criteria in epileptic seizures .Results A total of 31 patients were controlled with sulfasalazine .The average reduction rate of seizure frequency per month was 54 .32% ,61 .71% , 75 .74% after three months of treatment .The differences of average reduction rate of seizure frequency before and after the treat -ment have an evident statistic significance (P< 0 .01) .The 50% response rate ,75% response rate and seizure-free rate per month af-ter treatment with sulfasalazine have significant higher than those before treatment (F= 20 .007 ,P< 0 .01) .After 3 month of thera-py ,four different types of epilepsy was 100 .00% ,100 .00% ,84 .62% and 75 .00% in improvement rate added complete control rate .Those have no statistical difference(P> 0 .05) .Conclusion Sulfasalazine can effectively control seizures ,and both effective va-rious types of epileptic .

Objective To analyze the changes of the intima-media thickness(IMT)of carotid and femoral arteries, serum advanced glycosylation end-products(AGEs),and AGEs soluble receptor(sRAGE)after intensively controlling blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid. Methods One hundred and thirty-two type 2 diabetic patients were divided into 3 groups and followed for 5 years: 20 patients were treated with intensive control of blood glucose and blood pressure, 80 patients with intensive control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid; and 32 patients with conventional therapy. AGEs, sRAGE, and IMT of carotid and femoral arteries were measured and compared among different groups. Results The IMT of carotid and femoral arteries and serum level of AGEs were significantly decreased after intensive treatment. The ratio of sRAGE and HbA1C(sRAGE/HbA1C)were negatively correlated with the mean of HbA1Cin the past five years(r=-0.417, P＜0.001)and the fluctuation of HbA1C(r=-0.309,P＜0.001). Multinomial regression analysis showed that AGEs were the important risk factors of IMT of femoral artery(β=0.152,P=0.068). Conclusion Intensive treatment is significant in controlling the growing IMT of carotid and femoral arteries, while decreasing serum level of AGEs.

Objective:To investigate whether the prophylactic use of a dose of sensitive antibiotics before revision for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) may affect the positive rate of intraoperative specimen culture.Methods:This prospective study recruited the patients who underwent revision due to PJI from July 1, 2017 to February 1, 2019 at Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital to Fujian Medical University. After use of antibiotics was stopped in all patients for 2 weeks before operation, synovial fluid was extracted for culture to confirm pathogenic bacteria and drug sensitivity and some/all of the prostheses were removed during operation. According to their sequence number of admission, the patients were randomly divided into group A and group B. Samples were taken in group A after a dose of sensitive antibiotics was administered 30 to 60 minutes before revision while a dose of sensitive antibiotics was given in group B after all samples were taken. Intra-operatively, synovial fluid, tissue grinding fluid (TGF) and ultrasonic prosthesis lysate (UPL) were taken for aerobic and anaerobic culture. According to whether there was a positive culture of at least one microbiological specimen, the preoperative and intraoperative culture results were analyzed and compared between the 2 groups.Results:A total of 32 PJI patients were included in this study due to positive culture of synovial fluid before operation, with 16 cases in group A and 16 in group B. The most common infection bacteria were staphylococci (59.3%, 19/32). There was no significant difference in age, gender, mode of operation, Tsukayama classification, prosthesis removal, preoperative ESR, CRP, synovial fluid white blood cell count (SF-WBC) or polymorphonuclear cell percentage (PMN) between the 2 groups. The positive rates of synovial fluid, tissue, TGF and UPL were 81.3% (13/16), 62.5% (10/16), 93.8% (15/16) and 93.8% (15/16) for group A, and 87.5% (14/16), 68.8% (11/16), 93.8% (15/16) and 100.0% (16/16) for group B, showing insignificant differences between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). The positive rates of TGF and UPL culture showed no significant difference between them in group A or in group B ( P>0.05), but they were significantly higher than those of traditional tissue culture ( P<0.05). Conclusions:As prophylactic use of antibiotics before PJI revision may not affect the positive rate of intraoperative specimen culture, it is not necessary to postpone use of prophylactic antibiotics before PJI revision. Furthermore, as positive rates of TGF and UPL culture are similar but significantly higher than those of traditional tissue culture, tissue grinding can be used to improve the positive rate of tissue culture.

Objective To explore the protective effect of Mn (Ⅲl)tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP) on rats after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its mechanism.Methods Sixty-six adult SD rats were randomized into sham-operated group,control group and experimental group (n=22).Rats in the latter two groups were performed stereotactic injection of autologous tail arterial blood to induce ICH models;the rats in the experimental group were given 2 μL MnTBAP (100 μg/μL) by intracerebroventricular injection 30 min after ICH,while the rats in the control group were given normal saline of same volume.The expressions of 4-hydroxynonenonal (4-HNE,a marker of lipid peroxidation),3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT,a reliable marker of protein nitration),8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG,a marker of DNA oxidative damage),Zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1,a kind of tight junction protein) and myeloperoxidase (MPO,a marker of neutrophil) in the perihematomal brain tissues 24 h after ICH were detected by immunofluorescence;protein expressions of ZO-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were detected by Western blotting 24 h after ICH;brain water content and modified neurological severity (mNSS) scores were measured 24 and 72 h after ICH.Results As compared with those in the control group,3-NT (264.53±83.99vs413.22±89.16),4-HNE (245.64±73.10vs 391.41±51.43),8-OHdG (221.53±68.25 vs 332.32±94.93),MPO (296.14±66.34 vs 431.59±102.68) and MMP-9 (0.75±0.07 vs 0.96±0.04) expressions in perihematomal brains of experimental group were significantly decreased,while the expressions of ZO-1 (0.74±0.05 vs 0.56±0.06) were significantly increased (P＜0.05).The mNSS scores (9.33±1.37 vs 11.33±1.51;6.17±0.98 vs 9.50±1.38) and brain water contents in the experimental group were significantly lower as compared with those in the control group 24 and 72 h after ICH (80.41％±0.69％ vs 82.48％±0.94％;79.78％±0.65％ vs 81.57％±0.82％) (P＜0.05).Conclusion MnTBAP could protect injured brain tissues by alleviating oxidative and nitrative stress,decreasing neutrophils invasion and MMP-9 activation at early stage of ICH;meanwhile,MnTBAP could relieve the blood-brain barrier disruption and neurological deficit following ICH.

Objective:To explore the clinical application of ultrasound-guided anterior serratus plane block (SAPB) in anesthesia and postoperative analgesia of thoracoscopic surgery and to provide theoretical basis for clinical practice.Methods:From June 2018 to June 2019, a total of 90 patients with thoracoscopic surgery in Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan were randomly divided into three groups, 30 cases in each group. Group A received routine general anesthesia; Group B received preoperative SAPB+ routine general anesthesia; Group C was treated preoperatively SAPB+ single dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine+ routine general anesthesia. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of the three groups were compared after entering the room, immediately after intubation, during skin incision and immediately after extubation. The intraoperative dosage of propofol and remifentanil, the effective pressing times of analgesic pump within 48 hours, the dosage of sufentanil, the level of analgesia, adverse reactions and satisfaction were compared.Results:There was no significant difference in MAP and HR of the three groups of patients when they entering the room ( P>0.05); the MAP and HR of the three groups at the time of intubation, skin incision and extubation were higher than those at the time of entry ( P<0.05); the MAP and HR of B group and C group were lower than group A at the time of intubation, skin incision and extubation (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the intraoperative doses of remifentanil and propofol among the three groups (all P>0.05). The effective pressing times of analgesic pump and the dosage of sufentanil in group B and group C within 48 hours were lower than those in group A (all P<0.05). The pain scores in resting state and cough state at 2, 4, 12 and 24 hours after operation in group C were lower than those in group B and group A (all P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative adverse reactions in group B and group C was lower than that in group A (all P<0.05). The postoperative satisfaction of group B and group C was higher than that of group A (all P<0.05). Conclusions:SAPB guided by ultrasound combined with general anesthesia and single dose of dexmedetomidine can effectively improve hemodynamic indexes, relieve pain, and have high safety and satisfation in patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery. The treatment effect is significant and can be widely used in clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the role of next generation sequencing technology in the detection of pathogenic bacteria in synovial fluid of prosthetic joint infection.Methods Nine samples of synovial fluid specimens of prosthetic joint infection patients with positive microbial culture from October,1 2016 to April 1,2017 were collected.Each specimen (200 μl) was used for next generation sequencing.Total DNA was extracted from synovial fluid samples.The collected DNA samples were amplified by PCR in the V4 region of 16S rDNA gene.The amplified products were sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform,2× 250 bp double-end sequencing strategy.The sequencing results were compared with the SILVA database to analyze the types of bacteria and relative abundance in the DNA samples.A total of 200 μl sterile double-distilled deionized water was used as control.Results Nine cases of microbial culture positive prosthetic joint infection synovial fluid DNA samples were sequenced by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and yielded 3 132 415 high-quality reads and 3 752 operational taxonomic units (OTU).At the level of bacteria,a total of 9 different bacterial gates were detected on 9 DNA samples.At the level of bacteria,34 different bacteria were detected by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing.Each DNA sample was detected by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and the bacterial genus was identical to that of laboratory culture.16S rDNA amplicon sequencing detected more species of bacteria [6(3,9.5)] than bacterial cultures [(1.0(1.0,1.0)].There was statistically significant difference in the number of bacteria detected in the same specimen between the 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and the laboratory culture (Z=2.533,P=0.011).Among them,the dominant bacterial population (highest abundance) detected by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing in four DNA samples was consistent with the results of laboratory culture.Conclusion In the prosthetic joint infection,the 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technology can accurately detect pathogens that are consistent with the laboratory culture,and can detect other bacteria outside the laboratory culture.This technology can provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and antibiotic selection.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes and complications of alloplasfic cranioplasty performed with custom-designed polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium mesh after decompressive craniectomy.Methods Eighty-six patients admitted to our hospital from June 2014 to December 2017 were chosen;and 28 patients underwent cranioplasty with PEEK and 58 with titanium mesh by the same surgical team.The general clinical data and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative complications.The surgical time,molding quality and cost were compared between the two groups.Results Patients in PEEK group trended to be younger and had higher GOS scores as compared with patients in the titanium group,with significant differences (P＜0.05).Overall complication rates of 10.7％ and 32.8％ for PEEK and titanium cranioplasty were identified respectively;as compared with that in titanium group,the incidence of overall complication in PEEK group was significant lower (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis identified material was the independent influencing factor for cranioplasty complications (OR=4.486,P=0.047,95％CI:1.021-19.703).Overall satisfaction rate with cranioplasty and aesthetic result in PEEK group was significantly higher than that in titanium group (96.4％ vs.79.3％,P＜0.05);however,the treatment cost for cranioplasty with PEEK was considerably higher than skull bone reconstruction based on titanium mesh.Conclusion Despite of high treatment cost,custom-designed PEEK implants seem to be good choice for patients with large cranial defects after decompressive craniectomy,enjoying few complications and high satisfaction of cranioplasty and aesthetic result.