110 cases of cholecystectomy were studied, 54 randomized cases with intraperitoneal drainage and 56 cases without drainage after cholecystertomy were ccmparied The postoperative complications were not increased in non-drainagcd cases, wound infections were less and the admission date were shorter so it will be cheaper for the patient ecnomically. Non-drainage after cholecystectomy was recommended if the indication is well handled

Five strains out of the 8 of epidermic hemorrhagic fever(EHF)virus isolated from the serum of the acute phase of EHF patients in Nanchong, Sichuan were found to have cytopathogenic effect(CPE)through 4th to 10th passages in Vero-E6 cell culture. The biological, physico-chemical and antigenic characteristics of HFN-04 and HFN-19, 2 out of the 5 CPE strains, were identified. The results were as follows;( 1 ) The CPE development and the dynamic proliferation of the virus areconsistent. ( 2 ) The main biological and physico-chemical characteristics of the 2 CPEstrains arc the same as those of EHF virus.( 3 ) When paired samples of EHF patients' serum were tested with the slide antigens of E6 cells infected with these CPE strains, all the convalescent serum demonstrated an increase by 4 fold or more of the IFA. titer.( 4 ) The CPE of the virus can be neutralized by EHF patient's serum or EHF and KHF antisera, but not by normal rabbit serum or the multivalent serum of Reovirus type 1-3.( 5 ) The E6 cells infected by CPE strains of virus can almost fully absorbthe specific antibodies in EHF patients or in EHF and KHF antisera.( 6 ) The suspension of the mouse brain infected by CPE strains can formpositive agglutination reaction with the sentitized blood cells by EHFvirus strain A9 McAb 25-1.On the basis of our observation, it can be concluded that at least certain strains of EHF virus can produce CPE in Vero-E6 cell culture.

This paper is to report our study of using single radical hemolysis(SRH) technique to detect the specific antibody for Japanese B encephalitis (JBE) virus in 101 samples of pigs' serum at Chongqing area. It was found that SRH was more sensitive and more specific in the detection of the JBE virus antibody in the pig's serum than CF or HI. SRH is simple in its technique and easy to perform. In addition, it is very sensitive and specific and it can be reproduced easily. It is suggested that SRH be used in clinical diagnosis and in seroepidermic survey of JBE virsus infection.

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) occurs endemically in certain localities in our country.At present, the diagnostic method usually used is indirect flurorescent antibody (IFA) technique, but due to the requirement of costly equipments and trained technicians, it is not feasible in grass-root clinics. We used an indirect peroxidase antibody method (IPA) to detect HFRS specific IgM. and their results were compared with that of IFA. It was found that the IPA titre was 2.6 times higher than IFA in sera of early cases, and 20 times higher than IFA titers in convalescent sera. Of the 49 sera tested. 40 gave a positive result by IPA. 35 positive by IFA. There was discrepancy between IPA and IFA in 1 serum. Only ordinary light-microscope is necessary to perform IPA test, and the test is sensitive, specific, and easy to perform. The procedure is simpler and can be used in grass-root medical units

In order to reveal the treatment mechanism of Chinese medicine with the effect of activating blood and resolving putridity, we selected acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), the main monomeric components of frankincense and arsenolite which are two most commonly used Chinese medicine with effect of activating blood and resolving putridity. We combined AKBA and ATO as a compound, and explored its regulatory role in productions and activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human skin fibroblasts (HSFbs) and human acute monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 in inflammatory state.

Objective To study the effects of the intensive treatment with continuously subcutaneous in-sulin infusion(CSII) in patients with gestational diabetes and the nursing during the treatment. Methods From Jan 2007 to Aug 2008, 42 patients with gestational diabetes underwent continuously subcutaneous insulin infu-sion, and a standard nursing plan of patients was made up before treatment. The efficacy of treatment and nursing were analyzed. Results After using the CSII, the blood glucose of all patients was controlled at normal level after 7.0±1.5d. 88.1% of patients were satisfied with the effect and one patient was dissatisfied with the treatment because of losing the fetus for sever bleeding caused by placenta previa. 40.5% of patients with different degrees of anxiety accepted CSII therapy after psychological care by nurses;In 9.5% of patients the infusion bump a-larmed because of needle blockage or infusion tube bending, it restarted working and ran normally once the needle replaced or bending tube unwinded. 7.1% of patients developed hypoglycemia during CSII and recovered after eating. Conclusions Intensive treatment with CSII in gestational diabetes patients can effectively control blood glucose level The effect can be improved by taking specific nursing measures.

AIM: To study the effect of Tribulus terrestris L. saponin (TTLS) on apoptosis and changes in cytosolic calcium concentration induced by hypoxia/re-oxygenation in rat cortical neurons. METHODS: Rat cortical neurons in primary culture were used, and a apoptosis model was induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. LDH releasing rate was detected by spectrophotometry. The apoptosis rate of cortical neurons was analyzed quantitatively by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and PI staining. Intracellular free Ca2+([Ca2+]i) was observed with a confocal laser-scanning microscope and determined by mean fluorescent value with Fluo-3 fluometry. RESULTS: Compared to control group, three hours of hypoxia and twelve hours of reoxygenation group induced cortical neuronal apoptosis and significantly increased the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration(P

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Tribulus terrestris L. saponion (TTLS) on apoptosis in cortical neurons induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in rats. METHODS: Primary culture of rat cortical neurons was performed in vitro. A model of apoptosis of cortical neurons was established by hypoxia and reoxygenation. Hypoxia for 3 h in neural cells was induced with mixture of 95% N(2) and 5% CO(2), and then reoxygenation in neural cells was induced with mixture of 95% O(2) and 5% CO(2) for 12 h. Different concentrations of TTLS were administered to traditional Chinese herbal medicine-treated group separately during hypoxia and reoxygenation. The apoptosis rate was analyzed quantitatively by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Mitochondria membrane potential was observed by a confocal laser-scanning microscope with JC-1 fluorescence. Caspase-3/7 activity in cytoplasm was measured by fluorescent plate reader. Bax protein expression was observed by immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The percentage of apoptosis was significantly increased, mitochondria membrane potential was obviously decreased, fluorescence of caspase-3/7 activity was increased, and Bax protein was abundantly expressed followed by 3 h of hypoxia and 12 h of reoxygenation (P<0.01). TTLS could inhibit the depression of membrane potential induced by hypoxia and reoxygenation, decrease the activity of caspase-3/7, reduce the expression of Bax protein, and inhibit the apoptosis of the cortical neurons. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia and reoxygenation can induce apoptosis of rat cortical neurons. TTLS can decrease the apoptosis induced by hypoxia and reoxygenation. The mechanism might be related to stabilization of mitochondria membrane potential, inhibition of caspase activity and reduction of Bax protein expression.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA, a main active component from frankincense, one of the traditional Chinese herb for healing wounds) on the activities of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9.METHODS: Pure human interstitial collagenase (MMP-1) or gelatinase A (MMP-2) was activated by p-aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA), and was incubated with AKBA for 1 h. The activities of the enzymes were observed by quenched fluorescent substrate. The lysates of rat polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMNs, rich in gelatinase B (MMP-9)] was incubated with AKBA for 1 h, and activity of MMP-9 was tested by gelatin zymography. Three cell models: activated human dermal fibroblasts by TNF-α, activated THP-1 cells by PMA and fibroblasts-THP-1 co-culture system were established. AKBA was cultured with these cell models for 24 h. The levels of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the cell culture supernatants were tested by ELISA and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were tested by gelatin zymography assays.RESULTS: AKBA dose-dependently inhibited the activities of human MMP-1 and MMP-2 at the range of 0.1-0.8 mmol/L, with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.18 mmol /L and 0.27 mmol/L, respectively. In the range of 0.05-0.85 mmol/L, AKBA inhibited the MMP-9 activity (P<0.01). Although AKBA promoted fibroblasts to secrete MMP-2, the production of MMP-9 by THP-1 was inhibited. In the cell co-culture system, the inhibitory effects on MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 productions were also observed.CONCLUSION: AKBA, as a bioactive component of frankincense, has an inhibitory effect on MMPs production and activities, indicating the possible mechanism for healing chronic wounds by frankincense.

Objective To evaluate the tolerance and safety of sorafenib for elderly patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma.Methods Forty cases with advanced renal cell carcinoma were enrolled,26 were males and 14 were females,the average age was 70 years.Recurrence or metastasis was found in 32 patients who had received nephrectomy,22 of the 32 cases had received cytokine therapy before recurrence or metastasis.Primary renal lesions of 8 cases could not be resected,so patients get renal tumor biopsy.Pathological type of all patients was clear cell carcinoma.KPS of all the patients were ≥70 points.Sorafenib was used as first-line treatment,with 400 mg twice per day,until intolerance or disease progression occurred.Results The average treatment time was 7.5 months (3-18 months),CR 0 case,PR 6 cases,SD 29 cases,PD 5 cases.The overall objective response rate and disease control rate were 15.0% (6/40)and 87.5%(35/40),respectively.The median follow-up period was 11 months.The adverse reaction included hand-foot skin reaction(70.0%),alopecia (62.5%),rash(52.5%),diarrhea(37.5%),loss of appetite(32.5%),fatigue(27.5%).Most adverse reactions occurred around the second week after drug therapy initiation,their duration did not equal.And most of these adverse reactions could be released by symptomatic treatment,they did not affect the treatment.Conclusions The types of adverse reactions of sorafenib for elderly patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma are similar to those reported in the literature.Generally the degree of adverse reactions is minor,with good tolerance and safety.