Pathology and pathophysiology are sciences studying the laws and mechanisms of the occurrence and development of diseases, linking up the preclinical and clinical medicine. Owing to the different perspectives and ways of thinking, the western medicine and the traditional Chinese medicine developed respectively their independent theoretical, diagnostic and therapeutic systems. Integrative medicine, combining the theories and treatments of both western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, has become the developing trend of medicine along with the social development. For this reason, pathological and pathophysiological research in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine is highly significant for revealing the internal relations between the clinical manifestation and the pathological changes, for expounding the causes, conditions, mechanisms and laws of the occurrence and development of diseases. In doing related research, we should combine the disease and the syndrome, combine the macro-level and the micro-level, combine the part and the whole. We should manage to systematize the clinical research, to establish animal models of the syndromes, and to integrate the animal models of syndromes with the clinical characteristics of diseases. We should apply the theories of traditional Chinese medicine to the pathological and pathophysiological research of modern medicine.

Human sex glands (ovary and testis) play extremely important roles in reproductive function and sexual behavior by secreting various hormones.However,complex changes in the structure and the function of sex gland occur with ageing,resulting in a series of clinical consequences.This article explores these changes and discuss about their diagnosis and treatment.

Experimental membranous glomerulonephritis(MGN) in Japanese white rabbits was induced by administration of C-BSA according to Border's method. The results showed that the lipid peroxides(LPO) content in plasma and renal cortex were significantly increased compared with that in the controls. On the other hand, the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) in whole blood and renal cortex were significantly reduced compared with that in the controls. The results suggested that experimental MGN existed a mechanism of cellular injury manifested as lipid peroxidation in biomembrane, and such injury might be related to toxic effects of reactive oxygen on biomembrane. Tetramethylpyrazine was used to treat experimental MON. The results showed that the drug might have reduced the amount of proteinuria and the extent of lipid peroxidative injury. At the same time, the drug might haod raised the activities of SOD and GSH-px, and improved the lesion ot some extent. It is suggested that tetramethylpyrazine had the effect of anti-lipid peroxidative injury.

Apoptosis, a common and evolutionarily conserved property of all metazoan,is an essential part of life. The loss of cellular homeostasis balance is a character of tumor. The mitochondria (the intrinsic pathway) and the death receptors (the extrinsic pathway) are two major signal transduction pathways. With elucidation of the apoptotic molecular mechanism, some key proteins and genes related with apoptosis had been as the molecular targets for anticancer new drugs. There is the fundamental signficance to research further both apoptotic molecular mechanism and tumor therapy. [

The protecting effects of HZD, DZ and Mg~(2+) on isolated cultured rat li ver cells injured by CCl_4 was compared in this article. The results showed that HZD (15?l/ml)or DZ(10~(-4)M)or Mg~(2+)(4.8?10~(-3)M)added to the liquid culture of rat liver cells, inhibited the overloading of calcium ions and the leakage of LDH and GOT in hepatocytes effectively. The contents of Ca~(2+) ion were positively related to the leakage of enzymes.The intensity of inhibition effects to the calcium overloading and the enzyme leakage in HZD were situated between those in DZ and Mg~(2+).

AIM: To study the effects of Shenmai injection on cardiomyocytes apoptosis after acute anoxia-reoxygenation (A/R) and the possible mechanism. METHODS: In this experiment, cultured cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal rat were used. Model of myocardial anoxia-reoxygenation injury was produced by depriving oxygen for 5 min and then restoring oxygen for 15 min. The apoptotic cells was detected by flow cytometry to detect labbled Annexin V-FITC/PI. The intracellular calcium level was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy markered Fluo-3/AM. RESULTS: In anoxia-reoxygenation group, the percentage of apoptotic cells and fluorescent intensity of intracellular calcium were both prominently higher than those in control group (P

AIM: To observe the direct effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on secretion of endothelin-1(ET-1) and nitric oxide by human umbilical vein endothelial cell and cell viability of the secretor. METHODS: The third passage of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were incubated with different concentrations of LPS(1 g/L, 100 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 1 mg/L, 100 ?g/L, 10 ?g/L, 1 ?g/L) for 6 hours, and the culture supernatants were collected. The concentrations of ET-1 were determined by radioimmunoassay, the concentrations of nitric oxide were determined using Greiss's method. The viabilities of cells were measured by MTT method. RESULTS: The concentration of ET-1 (pg/L) of normal control group was 251 64?10 90. The concentrations of ET-1(pg/L) of LPS treated groups were 220 85?19 14, 278 67?15 45, 306 40?11 60, 312 87?33 50, 324 38?17 02, 291 49?14 30, 282 11?13 38, respectively. (each group compared with normal control group, P

AIM: To observe the changes in neuropeptide Y(NPY) and the effect of Fu-Sheng powder(FSP) on NPY in the rat brain in a steady cerebral ischemia and reperfusion(I/R) model. METHODS: The models of rat brain injury were established by repeated cerebral I/R in rats with hyperlipidemia. Radioimmunoassay was performed to determine the level of NPY, while NPY mRNA expression was observed by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: After 1 day of I/R, compared with control group, the content of NPY in the model animals were significantly increased by 51.86% ( P

AIM: To observe the direct effect of LPS on expressions of ET-1, eNOS, and iNOS mRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and further research the molecular mechanism of effect of LPS on production of ET-1 and NO. METHODS: The third passage of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells was incubated with low concentration (100 ?g/L) of LPS for 6 hours. Total RNA was extracted. The expressions of ET-1, eNOS, and iNOS mRNA were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR method. RESULTS: ET-1 mRNA experession increased significantly, while expression of eNOS mRNA decreased significantly, and there was no significant change in expression of iNOS mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, low concentration of LPS enhanced the expression of ET-1 mRNA, inhibited the expression of eNOS mRNA, and had no significant effect on the expression of iNOS mRNA.

AIM: To study the effect of Aima recipe (AM), a traditional Chinese medicine, on the protein and mRNA expression of TNF? and ICAM-1 in the bronchus of rats with chronic bronchitis(CB). METHODS: 15 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, chronic bronchitis (CB) group, CB plus AM group. The protein and mRNA expression of TNF? and ICAM-1 were assayed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization methods. RESULTS: TNF?, ICAM-1 protein and mRNA were more strongly expressed in the area of bronchial epithelium in the CB group compared with control group ( P