Objective To explore the characteristics of surface electromyogram (sEMG) of the forearm muscles of Parkinson's disease patients with or without load. Methods 26 Parkinson's disease patients and 28 healthy individuals participated in this study. All the subjects performed isometric contraction for elbow flexion without load or with a load of 1.5 kg. The sEMG signals were collected by surface elec-trodes and processed by linear time and frequency domain method. Results The values of median frequency (MF) and mean power frequen-cy (MPF) were higher in the patients than in the healthy controls without load (P<0.05). The value of average EMG (AEMG) was lower in the patients than in the healthy controls with a load of 1.5 kg (P<0.001). For the patients, the values of MF and MPF were higher without load than with a load of 1.5 kg (P<0.001), and the value of AEMG was lower without load than with a load of 1.5 kg (P<0.001). For the healthy controls, only the value of AEMG was lower without load than with a load of 1.5 kg (P<0.001). Conclusion The values of MF and MPF are higher in Parkinson's disease patients than in the healthy controls without load while the value of AEMG is lower in Parkinson's dis-ease patients than in the healthy controls with load.

Objective To investigate the influence of dynamic contraction to antagonist coactivity ratios during the stroke patient's knees exercise passively initiatively and resistively.Methods 24 stroke patients as observation group and 17 normal subjects as control group had performed dynamic contractions in knee flexion and extension. The electromyography signals were collected by surface electrode and then processed by linear time-and frequency-domain method. And then the antagonistic coactivity ratio was analyzed with factors statistics.Results The antagonist coactivity ratios of MF(median frequency) and MPF(mean power frequency) in paretic side of patients got high significantly but in non-paretic side got low significantly. But the antagonistic coactivity ratios of AEMG(average EMG) in paretic side got low and in non-paretic side got high significantly (P<0.01). The antagonist coactivity ratios of MF and AEMG in activity side were lower than in non-activity side (P<0.05). The antagonist coactivity ratios of MPF in exercise passively were lower significantly. The antagonist coactivity ratios of AEMG were lower following as the work load increased (P<0.001).Conclusion The motor unites are collected excessively in antagonist from paretic side of the stroke patient. The level of the synchronization of the excitement got low. The muscle strength got weak. But both the motor unites collected and the motor unites excited in antagonist from non-paretic side are excessive. The muscle strength get strong.

Objective To observe the surface electromyogram(sEMG)characteristics of the lower limbs muscles in stroke patients and healthy subjects during the passive and active-assisted anti-resistance movements.Methods Twenty four stroke patients and 17 healthy individuals(control group) participated in this study.sEMG of rectus femoris(RF),vastus lateralis(VL),ventralis medialis(VM)and biceps femoris(BF)was recorded during passive and active-assisted anti-resistance of knee joint in both groups.Average EMG(AEMG),mean power frequency(MPF)and median frequency(MF) were analyzed.Results Multiple factor ANOVA showed that very significant differences in the values of MF,MPF and AEMG between non-paretic and the paretic limbs appeared(P

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the dynamic contractions on the surface electromyography (sEMG) single of stroke patients induced from the low limb muscle when exercising passively, exercising initiatively with assistant and against resistance.Methods 24 stroke patients with hemiplegia and 17 normal subjects were tested with sEMG under a dynamic contractions in coxa and knee flexion and extension passively, initiatively with assistant and against resistance. The myoelectric signals were collected and processed by linear time and frequency domain method.Results The values of median frequency (MF) and mean power frequency (MPF) of stroke group were significantly lower, but the value of average EMG (AEMG) was higher ( P<0.001). The values of MF and MPF in activity side were lower than that in non-activity side ( P<0.001). The values of MF and MPF when exercising passively were higher than that when exercising with resistance ( P<0.05). The value of AEMG when exercising with resistance was highest. The values of MF and MPF in the synergist muscle were higher. The values of AEMG in the antagonistic muscle and synergist muscle were higher than that agonist and synergist muscle ( P<0.01). The values of MF and MPF in non-paretic exercising side were higher significantly, but in paretic exercising side and non-paretic silent side were lower. The values of MF and MPF in exercising side from vastus lateralis (VL) were the highest. The values of AEMG in exercising side and non-exercising side from biceps femoris (BF) were the highest. The values of MF and MPF in low limb of stroke group reduced, that in rectus femoris (RF) from paretic side was the lowest; that in BF from non-paretic side was the lowest ( P<0.01). The value of AEMG in low limb of stroke group was high significantly, especially in BF from the low limb of the non-paretic side in stroke patients. The values of AEMG in four group muscles gradually were higher following the higher exercising load, and that in the BF was the highest, and that in vastus medialis (VM) rose significantly.Conclusion The values of MF and MPF of stroke patients with hemiplegia reduce significantly, but the value of AEMG is higher. The values of MF and MPF in exercising side are lower than that in non-exercising side and non-paretic exercising side rising significantly, but that in paretic exercising side and non-paretic silent side reduce significantly. The values of MF and MPF in assistant exercise are higher than that in passive exercise and resistance exercise, but the value of AEMG in resistance exercise is higher than that in assistant exercise and in passive exercise. The values of MF and MPF in synergist muscle rise, but the values of AEMG in antagonist and synergist muscle are higher than that agonist and synergist muscle.

Objective To observe the influence of dynamic contractions on the sEMG co-contraction ratio taken from the antagonist muscles of the knee joint of stroke patients.Methods 11 stroke patients and 14 healthy subjects were measured the dynamic contractions in both knee flexion and extension with the surface electromyography(sEMG).Results There was no significant differences of the median frequency(MF),mean power frequency(MPF),average EMG(AEMG)and the sEMG co-contraction ratio within the stroke patients and the healthy(P>0.05).There was no significant difference of the MF between the patients compared with the healthy(P>0.05),but the sEMG co-contraction ratio of the MPF increased significantly and that of AEMG decreased significantly(P<0.01).Conclusion The MPF,AEMG and the sEMG co-contraction ratio taken from the stoke patients may reflect the characters of the low limb muscle and the MF may not.

Objective To summarize the characteristics of medical service patterns at Grenada station of Mission Harmony-2015 so as to provide reference for future overseas services in similar island countries .Methods After detailed analysis of actual conditions of the countries visited and efficient communication with host country health organizations , we made an appropriate adjustment of the medical service pattern , which involved multi-site screening of general patients , followed by intensive checkups and treatment aboard the hospital ship .Results The procedure of diagnosis and treatment was streamlined and the efficacy of medical services was significantly enhanced to meet the maximum medical demand of local residents.Grenada became a station with the largest number of patients who received top-quality fee-free healthcare during Mission Harmony-2015 .Conclusion Adjustment of medical service patterns according to the actual conditions could deliver a desired effect during overseas missions .

Objective To investigate the study of magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion tensor imaging in children with acute kidney injury,and further improve the clinical research level of early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods Twenty-two children who met the clinical AKI diagnostic criteria were collected from the Children's Hospital of Hunan Province.Twenty-three children volunteers were collected as the control group.The anisotropy fraction (FA) and mean diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the renal cortex and medulla of all the tested children were detected,and the serum creatinine value and disease test results of children with AKI were collected.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the renal and medullary ADC values and FA values and serum creatinine values in the children with AKI.Results There were no significant differences in the FA,ADC values of left and right renal cortex and medulla of case group (P ＞ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the FA,ADC values of left and right renal cortex and medulla of control group (P ＞ 0.05).The medullary FA value,cortical FA and ADC value of the children with AKI were significantly lower than those of normal children (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in medullary ADC values between children with AKI and normal children (P ＞ 0.05).The medullary FA value and cortical ADC value of AKI patients were negatively correlated with serum creatinine value (r =-0.868,-0.436,P ＜ 0.05),and there was no correlation between cortical FA,medullary ADC and serum creatinine in the rest of the children.Conclusions As a non-invasive imaging method,diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can reflect the early renal damage of AKI and has potential application value for clinical diagnosis of AKI.

Objective:To investigate the effects of naturally occurring mild hypothermia and artificial mild hypothermia on the expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) in lung tissues of septic mice.Methods:One hundred and twenty BALB/C mice (SPF level) were randomly numbered.Twelve mice with integer multiples of 10 were used as the normal control (NC) group, and the remaining 108 mice were chosen as the septic group.The septic mouse model was established by intra abdominal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 mg/kg.The NC group was given the same dose of normal saline.Anal temperature of the septic mice were measured 1 hour after the model was established successfully, and then were divided into naturally occurring mild hypothermia group and non-mild hypothermia group according to T≤36℃ and T>36℃.In the naturally occurring mild hypothermia group, the mice with T<34℃ were eliminated, and the remaining septic mice were randomly divided into the naturally occurring mild hypothermia(NOMH) observation group and the keep normothermia (KN) group.NOMH group was not given preheating intervention, while KN group was placed in an incubator to maintain the anal temperature between 36.0℃ and 37.5℃.Septic mice in the non-mild hypothermia group were randomly divided into the nonhypothermia (NH) observation group and the artificial mild hypothermia (ATMH) group.The NH group was not treated with hypothermia, while the ATMH group was treated with physical hypothermia, so that the anal temperature of the mice were maintained at 34℃-36℃.Four mice in each group were randomly selected at 6 and 12 hours after modeling, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6) and HMGB1 in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). At 12 hours, the survival rate of each group of mice was observed.Then 4 mice of each group were sacrificed and lung tissues were taken.The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the expression of HMGB1 in lung tissues was observed by immunohistochemical staining.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the relative expression of HMGB1 at mRNA and protein levels.Results:(1)Twelve hours after modeling, the survival number of NOMH group, ATMH group, KN group and NH group were 36(40), 6(11), 27(40), 4(11), respectively, and there were differences between the four groups (χ 2=32.286, P=0.002). Compared with the other three groups of septic mice, the survival rate was highest in the NOMH group (compared with ATMH group: χ 2=5.222, P=0.022; compared with the KN group: χ 2=6.050, P=0.013; and the NH group: χ 2=11.672, P=0.001), but the differences between the other two groups were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). (2)Compared with the NC group, the concentrations of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 of septic mice in each group were significantly increased at 6 h and 12 h (all P<0.05). Compared with NOMH group, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 in ATMH group, KN group and NH group were significantly increased at 6 h and 12 h(all P<0.05), and the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 in NH group were the highest at all time points (all P<0.05). The concentrations of TNF-α at 12 h decreased compared with 6 h (all P<0.05), while the concentrations of IL-6 and HMGB1 at 12 h increased compared with 6 h (all P<0.05). (3)HE staining showed that the lung tissue damage were minimal in NOMH group, followed by ATMH group.(4)Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of HMGB1 protein was in order of NOMH group, ATMH group, KN group and NH group; (5)The relative expressions of HMGB1 protein in lung tissues of septic mice in NOMH group, ATMH group, KN group, and NH group was 0.280±0.013, 0.320±0.016, 0.340±0.018, and 0.380±0.014, respectively, and the relative expression level of HMGB1 mRNA was 4.86±0.22, 6.02±0.18, 6.26±0.20, and 7.98±0.28, respectively, compared with NC group (HMGB1 protein content was 0.240±0.013, and the relative expression level of HMGB1 mRNA was 2.21±0.12) significantly increased (all P<0.05). Cmpared with NOMH group, the relative expression levels of HMGB1 protein and HMGB1 mRNA in the lung tissues of the ATMH group, KN group and NH group were significantly increased(all P<0.05), with the highest expression level in the NH group(all P<0.05). Conclusion:Mild hypothermia may reduce lung tissue damage by down-regulating the expression of HMGB1 in lung tissues of septic mice, and the improvement of spontaneous mild hypothermia was more significant.