Objective To study the changes of plasma interleukin-13 (IL-13) in patients with acute cerebral stroke and its effects in the cerebral inflammatory reactions. Methods The levels of plasma IL-13 measured in 50 patients with acute cerebral infarction (CI group) and in 30 patients with cerebral hemorrhage (CH group) using enzyme-linked immunoabsordent assay(ELISA) were compared to the control A (with the risk factors of stroke) and control B (normal group).Results As compared with the controls (control A: 28.0?3.2; control B: 26.4?2.7), the levels of plasma IL-13(pg/ml) were increased in three periods in the CI group (37.6?6.2;45.2?10.1;41.3?8.3) and CH group (36.6?4.9;45.3?8.9,38.1?5.6) ( P

Objective To explore the association between gene polymorphism of interleukin(IL)-4 C590T and serum level of IL-4 and atherothrombotic cerebral infarction(ATCI).Methods The gene polymorphisms of IL-4 C590T in 159 patients with ATCI and 151 normal control subjects were carried out by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP).The serum level of IL-4 in normal control group was determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method.Results In the normal control group,the serum level of IL-4 in TT genotype[(31.85?5.68) pg/ml] was higher significantly than those in TC[(28.67?6.00) pg/ml] and CC genotypes[(20.98?0.99) pg/ml],TC genotype was higher significantly than CC genotype(all P0.05).Conclusions IL-4 590T allele is associated with higher level of serum IL-4.The C590T polymorphism is not associated with the incidence of ATCI.

Due to the complicated pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmia, the safe and effective therapeutic strategies for cardiac arrhythmia remain an urgent medical problems in the recent years. In this paper, we introduced the research practice of anti-arrhythmic agents targeting on potassium ion channel. The research progress of anti-arrhythmic agents in up-to-date literatures were also reviewed and prospected.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of 4 rare types of non -Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL)in children,and to discuss the progress in treatment.Methods Clinical data of 1 4 patients with rare types of NHL at Shanghai Children′s Medical Center,Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between January 2004 and December 201 4 were retrospectively analyzed,and their clinical features,treatment and prognosis were dis-cussed.Results Fourteen cases were reported including 6 subcutaneous panniculitis -like T -cell lymphoma (SPTCL),3 hydroa vacciniforme -like cutaneous lymphoma(HVLL),2 pediatric follicular lymphoma(PFL)and 3 ex-tranodal NK/T -cell lymphoma,and nasal type(ENKTL).Ten patients (71 .4%)primarily presented with skin lesions and underwent a long course of illness before they were finally diagnosed (the median was 1 0 months),71 .4%(1 0 /1 4 cases)of them associated with fever and 50.0%(7 /1 4 cases)with liver and spleen enlargement,and no evidence of central nervous system (CNS)and bone marrow (BM)involvement was observed,while 28.6% patients (4 /1 4 cases) had more than two lines′abnormalities in peripheral blood examination.Since there were no standard treatment guide-lines,most patients received CHOP (Cyclophosphamide +Adriamycin +Vincristine +Prednisone)and /or mature B -cell NHL -like therapy,and 50.0%(7 /1 4 cases)of them received interferon therapy in addition,while 1 patient re-ceived allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after recurrence.The complete remission was achieved in 71 .4%(10 /14 cases)of all the patients.Two of them died,3 lost follow -up,and 1 relapsed.The 3 -year overall survi-val and event free survival rates were 0.84 and 0.57,respectively,after a median follow -up of 26 months (range 12 -64 months).Conclusions Pediatric rare types of NHL show atypical clinical manifestation,low incidence of CNS /BMinfil-tration and long course.It is hard to make pathological diagnosis and differentiation.It is also inappropriate to apply the commonly used staging system to these rare types of NHL.No standard treatment has been found by now.SPTCL,HVLL and PFL have relatively good outcomes when treated with mature B -cell NHL -type therapy plus interferon therapy.

AIM To testify the special cytotoxicity of TGF? SAP on proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. METHODS Conjugation of saporin to TGF? was accomplished after derivatization of saporin and TGF? with N succinimidyl 3 (2 pyridyldithio) proprionate. Cytotoxicity assays were measured by cell count. The studies of influence of TGF? SAP on values of thymidine and leucine incorporation into SMCs and ECs were measured by 3H thymidine uptake and 3H leucine uptake, respectively. RESULTS Cytotoxicity assays testified TGF? SAP conjugate could inhibit remarkably proliferation of SMCs in culture. The values of thymidine of TGF? SAP group (1?10 -9 mol?L -1 and 1?10 -7 mol?L -1 ) in comparison significantly decreased to 60 9% and 56 0% of the control group respectively, suggesting that cellular DNA synthesis obviously decreased as TGF? SAP was added. But saporin did not affect cellular DNA synthesis at higher level. The rate of 3H leucine incorporation of TGF? SAP group significantly decreased to 47 3% of the control group, suggesting that SMCs protein synthesis obviously decreased as TGF? SAP was added. But TGF? SAP at the same level did not affect DNA synthesis and protein synthesis of ECs compared with the control group. CONCLUSION TGF? SAP possesses the more effective cytotoxicity than saporin and the more specific citotoxicity on proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells than on proliferating endothelial cells.

OBJECTIVE: To establish HPLC method for the determination of thioguanosine in human red blood cells. METHODS: The determination was performed on Hypersil ODS colum. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (10∶90) with detection wavelength at 342nm. 6-Thioguanine(6-TG)was generated from thioguanosine through heating and hydrolyzing. 6-TG was extracted into 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid for sample injection assay with external reference method for the quantification. RESULTS: The linear range of 6-TG was 30～1 200pmol/8?108RBCs. Its optimum hydrolyzing time was 1 hour and optimal extraction pH value ranged from 11 to 12. The content of phenyl mercury acetate in the extraction solution was 1.3mmol/L. CONCLUSION: Under optimized conditions, HPLC method for the determination of thioguanosine is fast, accurate and sensitive.

Objective To explore the relationship between lecithin cholesterol acy ltransferase (LCAT) gene 608C/T and 511C/T polymorphisms and stroke in Chinese Han population in Hunan province. Methods One hundred fifty patients with cerebral infarction, 150patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and 122 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were selected.LCAT gene 608C/T and 511C/T polymorphisms were detected by using polyrnerase chain reaction, single strand conformation polymorphism, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Results The CT genotype frequency (14. 0% ) and T allele frequency (7. 0% )of the LCAT gene 608C/T in the cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P ＜0. 05), while there were no significant differences in the CT genotype frequency (7. 3% ) and T allele frequency (3.7%) between the cerebral hemorrhage group and the control group (P ＞ 0. 05). The CT genotype frequency (10. 0% ) and T allele frequency (5. 0% ) of the LCAT gene 511C/T in the cerebral infarction group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P ＜0. 01), while there were no significant differences in the CT genotype frequency (3.3%) and T allele frequency (1.7%) between the cerebral hemorrhage group and the control group (P ＞0. 05). Conclusions The 608C/T and 511C/T polymorphisms may be associated with the occurrence of atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in Chinese Han population in Hunan province. They may be the predisposing factors for atherosclerotic cerebral infarction in this population; however, they are not associated with cerebral hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) can accelerate the bone marrow mesenchymai stem cells (BMSCs) proliferation and differentiation into nerve cells, which is considered as a mitogen of glial cells.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the survival and differentiation of bFGF gene modified BMSCs transplanted on rat models of cerebral ischemia by double immunofluorescence staining, and to study the differentiation trend of BMSCs into neuron-like cells and glial cells.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized control animal experiment was completed in the central laboratory of Experimental Animal Center of Central South University from July 2005 to March 2006.MATERIAL: Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups at random: sham operation group (n=10), cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury group (n=10), BMSCs group (n=i5) and bFGF modified BMSCs group (n=15). METHODS: Except sham operation group, rats in the other three groups were prepared for local cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models. Then BMSCs or bFGF modified BMSCs were intravenously transplanted into cerebral ischemic rats, and the same volume of DMEM were injected in the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rate and differentiation of grafted cells were observed by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-NeuN, and BrdU-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) double immunofluorescence staining; the neurological scores and infarction volumes in each group. RESULTS: At 7 days after implantation, the number of BrdU/NeuN-positive cells and BrdU-GFAP-positive cells in the bFGF modified BMSCs group was higher than those on the BMSCs group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in the co-expression cells by double immunofluorescence staining between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 7 days following reperfusion, neural function of cerebral ischemia rats were improved and infarction volume was reduced in both BMSCs group and the bFGF modified BMSCs group, and bFGF modified BMSCs group was superior to BMSCs group. CONCLUSION: BMSCs modified by bFGF can survive in cerebral ischemic region and differentiate into neuron and glial cells, which are more proper for repairing nerves.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of mature B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(mature B-ALL) and to assess the safety and efficacy of the treatment protocol.Methods From February of 2003 to December of 2012,15 children were diagnosed as mature B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma possible (mature B-ALL/NHLp) in Shanghai Children's Medical Center(SCMC) were enrolled,and they were treated with SCMC-mature B-ALL/NHLp-2003 protocol.All of the clinical characteristics,therapeutic effects and long-term outcomes were analyzed.The statistical data were processed by SPSS 21.0.Results The median age on diagnosis was 8.7 years (1 year and 5 months to 14 years and 4 months).Among them,4 cases presented with local mass including maxillofacial tumors,neck and abdominal mass.The others had systemic manifestations such as fever and pale face.These neoplastic cells retained the expressions of surface membrane immunoglobulin M,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase,Cμ,CD10,CD19,cCD79 a differently.Follow-up was updated to November 30,2013.The median follow-up period was 80 months (39-128 months).Theestimated 5-year event free survival rate was (80.0 ± 10.3) ％.According to univariate analysis,increased lactate dehydrogenase level (＞ 4-times the normal value),increased serum ferritin level (＞ 2-times the normal value),no small residual disease markers were indepen-dent poor prognostic factors(x2 =5.49,4.89,5.49,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions SCMC-mature B-NHL/ALLp-2003 protocol is feasible and safe for children with mature B-ALL/NHLp,but more sample cases need to be investigated.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of children with stage Ⅳ malignant extracranial germ cell tumors. Methods Twenty-five patients were enrolled in the retrospective analysis. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method with SPSS 13.0. Results Of the 25 children, there were 13 males and 12 females. The mean age at diagnosis was 2 years old (ranged 1 to 11). Five patients receiving chemotherapy in another hospital before (n=1), or giving up treatment after confirmed diagnosis (n=1), or giving up effective treatment after received less than 2 cycles (n=3) were excluded from this analysis. Of the 20 patients, 90.0% (18/20) achieved complete remission and 5.0% (1/20) achieved partial remission after treatment. The 5-year EFS rate and 5-year OS rate were 70.0%±10.2% and 82.4%±9.2% respectively. There was no death occurred due to complications. Conclusions The effect of this treatment program is positive. The cumulative dose of the drugs is not high, compared with other schemes such as PEB, but there are more drugs involved. Whether these drugs may cause long-term adverse reactions needs further research.