Objective To investigate the changes of serum T helper cell (TH)1/TH2 type cytokines after the active immunotherapy in unexplained habitual abortion (UHA) women. Methods Concentrations of interleukin (IL) 2, IL 12, interferon (IFN) ?, IL 4, IL 10 and transforming growth factor (TGF) ?1 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) method in sera from thirty three cases of unexplained habitual abortion (UHA) women before and after active immunotherapy. Thirty normal non pregnancy (NNP) women and thirty normal pregnancy (NP) women were taken as control. Results (1) Serum concentrations of IL 2 and IL 12 were higher significantly (P

Objective To investigate T cell receptor(TCR)variable β(BV)chain usage at the maternal-fetal interface and explore the relationship between the skewed TCR BV usage and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(BSA).Methods Eighteen cases with unexplained RSA,together with matched 41 women with normal pregnancies in first trimester from Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University were studied.A high-resolution spectrum typing analysis of complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3)was used to detect and compare the degree and frequency of TCR BV family expression in deciduas between RSA patients and normal controls.Results(1)The expression degree of BV19(0.029±0.031 vs.0.013±0.010,P=0.038)in RSA group showed a higher usage,while BV5.2(0.040±0.035 vs.0.067±0.052,P=0.046)showed a significantly lower usage when compared with normal controls.No significant difference in the expression of the other TCR BV families between RSA and controls were observed(P>0.05).(2),TCR BV2,3,6,and 7 were the four most common BV families in deciduas of patients with RSA and normal controls,whose frequencies were all mors than 50%.In RSA group,higher frequencies of BV15 (33.3%vs.7.3%,P=0.018),BV19(38.9%vs.14.6%,P=0.049)and BV20(33.3%vs.7.3%,P=0.018)were observed;meanuhile lower frequencies of BV4(33.3%vs.65.9%,P=0.026)and BV7 (66.7%vs.92.7%.P=0.018)distributions were observed.The other TCR BV families did not display significantly different freqencies of distribution(P>0.05).Conclusions It is suggested that a significant skewed TCR BV family occurs at the maternal-fetal interface in patients who undergo abortion.The specific skewed usages of TCR BV might be associated with the susceptibility to unexplained pregnancy loss.

Objective To discuss the clinical application and value of dual-source spiral CT enhanced scan and multiplanar reformatting ( MPR) in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Methods The 335 patients with gastric cancer who conducted dual-source spiral CT enhanced scan of upper abdomen under the hypotonic state before the definite pathological diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed,and had multi-di-mensional multiplanar reconstruction for the enhanced thin-section CT data by the multiplanar reformatting technique. Results Of 335 ca-ses,288 cases were detected by simple axial data,the detection rate was 86. 0%,320 cases were detected by MPR,the detection rate was 95. 5%,the differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). The overall accuracy rate of Preoperative T staging by conventional axial and MPR images were 78. 3% and 89. 1% respectively, the difference was statistically significant. The overall accuracy rate of preoperative N staging by two methods were 73. 6% and 82. 3%,respectively,the difference was not significant. Conclusion Application of dual source spiral CT multiplanar reconstruction can significantly improve the detection rate of gastric cancer,and the average accuracy rate of preopera-tive TNM staging for gastric cancer is 84. 6%.

AIM: To define the gene expression changes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in response to norepinephrine (NE). METHODS: The expression adrenergic receptors (AR) were determined by radioligand binding assay in A7r5 cells. Gene expression profiles were identified by cDNA microarray after A7r5 cells were treated with NE for 24 h, and mRNA expressions of ? 1A -AR and ? 1B -AR were confirmed by real-time PCR. RESULTS: ? 1-AR and ?-AR existed in A7r5 cells. Seventy-five genes with changed expression in response to NE were screened out. These genes are involved in cell structure, cell/organism defense, metabolism, signal transduction and so on. ? 1A -, ? 1B -AR mRNA expression identified by microarray and realtime quantitive PCR displayed similar patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Gene expression profile in response to NE was analyzed comprehensively with the microarray technique. NE induces many kinds of different function genes in A7r5 cells, which may provide a novel insight into the particular role of NE that modulates multiple aspects of biological function in VSMCs. [

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of motherwort (herbs leonuri/leonurus heterophyllus sweet) injection for preventing postpartum hemorrhage after caesarian section. Methods The prospective study was designed as a randomized and single blind multi-center research matched with positive agent as controls from Apt 2007 to Aug 2007. 440 women underwent caesarian section (CS) indicated by obstetric factors were enrolled from 15 teaching hospitals in China and assigned into three groups: group of motherwort: 147 cases were administered by motherwort 40 rag uterine injection during CS and 20 mg intramuscular injection per 12 hours 3 times after CS; group of motherwort + oxytocin : 144 cases were administered by motherwort 40 mg and oxytocin 10 U uterine injection during CS and motherwort 20 mg intramuscular injection per 12 hours 3 times after CS and group of oxytocin: 149 cases were administered by oxytocin 10 U uterine injection and oxytocin 10 U + 5% glucose 500 nd intravenously injection during operation and oxytocin 10 U intramuscular injection per 12 hours 3 times after CS. The following clinical parameter were collected and analyzed: (1) The amount of blood loss during operation, at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours after operation. (2) The total amount of blood loss in 24 hours after CS and the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. (3) The change of level of hemoglobin (Hb) and counting of red blood cell ( RBC ) from prepartum to postpartum. (4) Adverse reaction. Results (1) The mean amount of blood loss during operation were (368±258) ml in group of motherwort, (255±114) mi in group of motherwort + oxytocinand (269±141 ) ml in group of oxytocin, which exhibited significant difference among three groups ( P<0.01 ). Meanwhile, no statistical different amount of blood loss among three groups were observed at 2,6,12, 24, 48 hours after CS. (2)The amount of blood loss of postpartum at 24 hours were (480±276)ml ingroup of motherwort, (361±179) ml in group of motherwort + oxytocin, (381±179) nd in group of oxytocin, which showed significant difference among 3 groups(P <0.01 ). (3) The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage were 32.0% (47/147) in group of motherwort, 11.1% (16/144) in group of motherwort + oxytocin, and 18.8% in (28/149) in group of oxytocin. When comparing the lowest rate of postpartum blood loss in group of motherwort + oxytocin and the highest rate in group of motherwort, it displayed statistical difference (P<0.01). (4) The decreased level of RBC and Hb were shown that RBC(0.3±0.5)×10<'12<‘/L and Hb(9±13)g/L in group of motherwort, RBC (0.2±0.4)×10<'12/L and Hb ( 6±10) g/Lin group of motherwort + oxytocin and RBC (0.2±0.4)×10<'12/L and Hb(7±30) g/L in group of oxytocinrespectively. However, the comparison of different value of RBC and lib in group of oxytocin and motherwort +oxytocin showed significant difference (P<0.05 ). (5) Two cases with allery reaction was observed.Conclusion It is safe and efficacious that combined use of motherwort injection and oxytocin was to preventpostpartum hemorrhage during or after caesarian section.

Objective    To verify the feasibility of a self-designed magnetic anchoring and traction device (MATD) for assisting two-port video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy. Methods    Three Beagle dogs were selected as animal models with age ranging from 1-6 years and weight ranging from 8-12 kg, and they underwent two-port video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy after general anesthesia. We used the MATD to retract the esophagus to different directions, which assisted mobilizing esophagus, detecting the nerves along esophagus and dissecting paraesophagus lymph nodes. The operation time, blood loss and feasibility of the MATD were recorded. Results    With the aid of the MATD, we successfully retracted and mobilized the esophagus, detected the nerves and dissected the lymph nodes in three Beagle dog models. During the operation, the MATD provided sufficient and steady traction of esophagus to achieve a good exposure of the operative field, effectively decreasing the interference between working instruments. The MATD worked well. The mean operation time was 30 min, and the mean intraoperative blood loss was about 10 mL. Conclusion    It is effective to use the MATD to assist retracting esophagus during video-assisted thoracoscopic esophagectomy. The magnetic anchoring and traction technique can assist to expose the surgical field, decrease the interference between the working instruments and have the potential clinical application.

【Objective】 To investigate the clinical application of self-developed magnetic anchoring device for assisting thoracoscopic pulmonary resection. 【Methods】 Eleven patients underwent thoracoscopic pulmonary assisted with resection magnetic anchoring technique at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, from March to May 2019. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. The operation time, blood loss, blood transfusion volume, postoperative hospital stay, and postoperative complications were recorded. 【Results】 There were seven male and four female patients, with the average age of (51.6±13.9) years (range from 22 to 69 years). Three single-port and eight single-utility-port thoracoscopic surgeries were performed. Magnetic instruments provided good surgical field exposure in all operations. Among 11 surgeries, one was converted to thoracotomy and one to three-hole surgery due to enlargement and adhesion of hilar lymph nodes. The operation time was (107.8±63.1) minutes (range of 27-182 minutes). The blood loss was 50 (10-50)mL (range of 5-1 000 mL). No blood transfusion was needed during the operation. The postoperative hospital stay was (5.0±1.8) days (range of 3-9 days). No postoperative complications occurred in all the patients. 【Conclusion】 Magnetic anchor technique can effectively alleviate the "chopstick effect" in thoracoscopic surgery. Magnetic anchor technique is safe and feasible in assisting thoracoscopic pulmonary resection.

Objective    To investigate the feasibility of using magnetic beads to locate small pulmonary nodules. Methods    Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, 6 in each group. One group underwent thoracotomy after anesthesia and the other group underwent percutaneous puncture under the guidance of X-ray. One and two cylindrical tracer magnets (magnetic beads) with a diameter of 1 mm and a height of 3 mm were injected adjacent to the imaginary pulmonary nodules in left lung in each group. The magnetic beads beside the imaginary nodules were attracted by a pursuit magnet with a diameter of 9 mm and a height of 19 mm. The effectiveness of localization by magnetic beads were determined by attraction between tracer and pursuit magnets. Results    All processes were uneven in 12 rabbits. There was micro hemorrhage and no hematoma in the lung tissue at the injection site of the magnetic beads. When tracked with the pursuit magnets, there was one bead divorce in cases that one bead was injected, but no migration or divorce of the magnetic beads in cases that two magnetic beads were simultaneously injected to localize the small pulmonary nodules. Conclusion    The feasibility of using magnetic beads to locate small pulmonary nodules has been  preliminarily verified.

Objective    To investigate the feasibility of magnamosis rings designed based on magnetic compression technique in esophageal anastomosis reconstruction. Methods    According to the anatomical characteristics of esophagus in SD rats, the esophageal magnamosis rings were designed. SD rats were used as animal models (n=10, 5 males and 5 females) to complete the magnetic anastomosis reconstruction of the cervical esophagus using magnamosis rings, and the operation time, animal survival, postoperative complications, magnetic rings excretion time were recorded. Two weeks after operation, the rats were killed, and the esophageal anastomotic specimens were obtained. The blasting pressure of the anastomotic site was measured and the formation of the anastomotic site was observed with naked eyes. Results    Esophageal magnamosis was successfully performed in 10 SD rats, and the median operation time was 11 (8-13) min. All rats survived without anastomotic leakage, anastomotic stenosis, or magnetic rings incarceration. The magnetic rings were discharged after 8 (5-10) days and the burst pressure was higher than 300 mm Hg. Visual observation showed that the anastomotic muscle healed well and the mucosa was smooth. Conclusion    The magnetic compression technique  can be used for anastomosis reconstruction of esophagus, which has the advantages of simple operation and reliable anastomosis effect, and has clinical application prospect.

Magnetic anchoring and traction technique is one of the core technologies of magnetic surgery. With the "non-contact" traction force of the outer magnet on the inner magnet, we can drive the inner magnet and the gripper to multiple directions, and pull tissue or organ to required position in operations, so as to get a clearer surgical field of view. On the basis of the previous animal experiments, we applied magnetic anchoring and traction device in 3 human (males aged 63-71 years) thoracoscopic esophagectomies. Using the magnetic anchoring device, we could pull the esophagus dorsally or ventrally to assist in exposing the anatomical plane without special equipment or pleural puncture for retraction of the esophagus. The interference between operating instruments reduced. The mean blood loss in operation was 83 mL, the mean total operation time was 253 min and the mean length of hospital stay was 10 d. Postoperative follow-up showed that all 3 patients had good short-term prognosis. There was no swellling or pain in magnetic anchoring zone of chest wall.