Objective To measure and analyze the radiation dose for patients undergoing nuclear medicine examination,and to characterize radiation exposure of patients by using the estimated effective dose.Methods Patients undergoing nuclear medicine examinations were classified and the radiation doses from radiopharmaceuticals to patients were measured and calculated.Meanwhile,radiation exposure from computed tomography (CT) procedure was calculated on the basis of CT protocols and patients' information.The effective doses to patient from both the radiopharmaceutical and CT scan radiation were calculated and the factors influencing patient radiation doses were analyzed.Results For the patients undergoing positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) examination,the average effective doses from positron radiopharmaceutical 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG),18F-fluoro-l-thymidine (18 F-FLT),11C-choline,11 C-methylmethionine (11 C-MET) and 11 C-acetate (11 C-Ac) were (5.06 ± 0.73),(4.74±1.29),(1.71 ±0.05),(3.18±0.69) and (1.08±0.19) mSv,respectively.CTscan caused average effective dose was (8.80 ± 0.58) mSv.If a full diagnostic CT investigation was performed,the effective dose might be up to 27 mSv.Whereas for emission computed tomography (ECT) examinations,the average effective dose to the patients irradiated by single photon radiopharmaceutical 99Tcm-methylenediphosphonate (99Tcm-MDP),99Tcm-macroaggregated albumin (99Tcm-MAA),99Tcm-diethylentriaminpentaacetic acid (99 Tcm-DTPA),99Tcm-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (99 Tcm-MIBI) and 99Tcm-pyrophosphate (99Tcm-PYP) were (4.63 ± 0.01),(1.71 ± 0.01),(1.18 ± 0.01),(7.19 ± 0.03) and (4.18 ± 0.01) mSv,respectively.Conclusions Radiopharmaceutical irradiation caused effective dose to the patients undergoing nuclear medicine examinations is from 1.08 to 7.19 mSv,while CT scan cause average effective dose is 8.80 mSv in PET-CT examination.

BACKGROUND:Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 activity-induced inflammations and infection have been extensively accepted. However, there was no report concerning its effects on flap ischemia-reperfusion injury. OBJECTIVE:To explore the significance of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 activity in flap ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS:A total of 36 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into sham-operated group (n=12), ischemia-reperfusion group (n=12) and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 group (n=12). The models of right lower abdominal island flap ischemia-reperfusion injury were set up. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 group was intraperitoneal y injected with 1 mL of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (100μmol/L) before reperfusion. The flaps were col ected at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after ischemia-reperfusion injury for histopathhological observation. At 1 hour after ischemia-reperfusion, protein expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 was detected in flaps. The proportion of flap survival was calculated at 7 days after surgery.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Histopathological observation demonstrated that compared with the ischemia-reperfusion injury group, neutrophil infiltration and edema was evidently improved, and the protein expression of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 was gradual y reduced in the interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 group. Flap survival proportions were respectively (51.70 ±7.62)%and (86.56±12.23)%in the ischemia-reperfusion injury group and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 group at 7 days after surgery. There were significant differences in the flap survival proportion between the two groups (P<0.01). These results showed that after flap ischemia-reperfusion injury, the inhibition of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 activities could elevate the survival rate of transplanted flap.

Objective:To explore the effects of sulforaphane (SFN), an activator of Nrf2, on anxiety and fear memory in Alzheimer's disease(AD) model mice and mechanism.Methods:The AD mice and wild type (WT) mice with the same background were randomly divided into four groups ( n=12 for each group): wild type + normal saline group (WT+ NS), wild type + sulforaphane (WT+ SFN), AD model + normal saline group (AD+ NS) and AD model + sulforaphane group (AD+ SFN). SFN was dissolved in normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and prepared solution with concentration of 1 g/L.According to body weight, mice in WT+ SFN group and AD+ SFN group were intraperitoneally injected with SFN (10 mg/kg), and mice in WT+ NS group and AD+ NS group were intraperitoneally injected with the same volume of normal saline once a day for 30 days.The open field test was used to detect the autonomous exploration ability and anxious behavior of mice.The elevated cross maze was used to detect the anxiety of mice.Conditional fear test was used to test the fear memory behavior of mice.Finally, the expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex were detected by ELISA.Two-way ANOVA analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0.2 software. Results:In the open field test, the percentage of time in central region in AD+ SFN group ((9.99+ 0.37)%) was higher than that of AD+ NS group ((8.47+ 0.42)%) ( q=3.842, P<0.05). In the elevated cross maze, the percentage of time in open arm of AD+ SFN group ((26.2±1.6)%) was higher than that in AD+ NS group ((15.8±1.0)%) ( q=7.452, P<0.01). In the conditional fear test, all the mice of the four groups developed the fear memory, but AD+ SFN group showed higher freezing time ratio ((64.5±3.8)%) than AD+ NS group ((51.0±4.3)%)( q=5.266, P<0.01) in the testing stage.After SFN intervention, the important indicator of oxidative stress, the expression levels of SOD in hippocampus ( q=6.370, P<0.01) and cortex ( q=7.858, P<0.01) of AD mice increased, while the level of MDA in hippocampus ( q=5.146, P<0.05) and cortex ( q=5.833, P<0.01) decreased. Conclusion:SFN may inhibit oxidative stress through Nrf2 pathway, thereby improving anxiety and fear memory in AD mice.

The retrieval of the existing literature on the types of fungi polysaccharides, chemical structure and anti-canceractivity, anti-cancer mechanism was outlined, providing scientific information for further study on anti-cancer action of polysaccharides of fungi.

Objective To investigate the effect of different additional filtration thickness of DSA on image quality and radiation dose with cerebral angiography. Methods Prospective collected 90 patients with DSA examination of the whole cerebral artery, patients were divided into A, B and C group according to the time of the examination, each group included 30 cases. Patients underwent conventional DSA, the additional filtration of group A, B and C were (1.0 mmAl+0.1 mmCu), (1.0 mmAl+0.4 mmCu) and (1.0 mmAl+0.9 mmCu), respectively. Dose area product (DAP), air kerma (AK), tube current and tube voltage of anteroposterior and lateral radiography of the whole brain were recorded, and scored the image quality. Eye lens organ dose values were obtained by using simulation phantom and LiF dosemeter under A, B and C groups with three different additional filtrations for cerebral angiography. The image quality scores and the radiation dosewere analyzed by one-way ANOVA tests or Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results The image quality comprehensive score of three groups showed significant difference (F=40.07,P<0. 01), which were (3.8±0.4), (3.6 ± 0.5) and (3.0 ± 0.6), respectively. The DAP and AK value of anteroposterior and lateral radiography of three groups also showed significant difference (P<0.05), B and C group were lower than the A group. Left and right eye lens organ dose were decreased along with the increase of the additional filtration thickness, and the difference between the 3 groups also had significant difference (P<0.01). Conclusion Both the image quality and radiation dose can acquire when conducted the whole brain DSA with 1.0 mmAl+0.4 mmCu additional filtration.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the Spike and the Gamma rhythm of the local field potential (LFP) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) transgenic mice during fear memory activity.Methods:Six-month-old APP/PS1/tau three transgenic (3xTg) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were divided into 3xTg group and WT group, with 10 mice in each group. The electrodes were embedded into the hippocampus of mice under sterile conditions, and the behavioral experiment of conditioned fear box test was carried out two weeks later. The changes of Gamma rhythm, Spike and Burst firing were recorded and analyzed by the wireless telemetry device which embedded in the mouse head. Finally, the correlation between Gamma rhythm and Spike was calculated by entropy value.Results:(1) In behavioral experiments, the freezing ratio caused by conditioned stimulation (CS) in 3xTg mice was ((54.07±2.32)%), which was significantly lower than that of WT mice ((76.21±2.88)%) ( t=4.796, P<0.01). (2) Simultaneously recorded the average power of the Gamma oscillation in the Pre-CS period of the WT mice was ((11.574±1.147) dB), which increased to ((18.108±1.177) dB) after CS ( t=3.386, P<0.01). After CS administration, the average power of Gamma in 3xTg group((12.346±1.345) dB) was significantly lower than that of WT group ( t=3.423, P<0.01). (3) The frequency of Spike release in WT mice during the Pre-CS period was ((5.667±1.475)times/s), significantly increased to ((11.008±1.335) times/s) after CS ( t=3.542, P<0.01). The frequency of Spike release of 3xTg mice after CS ((5.249±1.033) times/s) was significantly lower than that of WT group ( t=4.788, P<0.01). (4) The Burst duration of WT group in pre-CS and CS period were ((0.550±0.043)s) and ((1.075±0.034)s), respectively. It suggested that the Burst firing frequency of WT group increased significantly after conditional stimulation ( t=5.188, P<0.01). However, the release interval of 3xTg group after CS ((0.619±0.033)s) was significantly lower than that of WT group ( t=3.352, P<0.01). (5) After CS, the Spike-Gamma entropy curve of WT mice was always higher than that of 3xTg mice. The maximum correlation of WT group and 3xTG group were (0.403±0.031) and (0.314±0.028), respectively. The Spike-Gamma correlation of the 3xTg group was significantly lower than WT mice ( t=3.372, P<0.01). Conclusion:The defect of fear memory in Alzheimer's disease may be caused by the disharmony of Spike-LFP (Gamma) distribution.