The initiation and operation of the tissue repair program between the broken ends after fracture is very important for fracture healing, which goes through three intertwined and gradual evolution stages: hematoma inflammatory organization stage, primitive callus formation stage and callus remodeling stage. It is completed by a variety of tissues, cells and cytokines in the bone marrow cavity. In the study of the mechanism of fracture healing, it is found that there are many signal pathways and molecules regulating bone repair, including bone formation, bone remodeling and neovascularization. At the cellular level, it regulates osteoblasts, chondrocytes, osteoclasts and endothelial cells. Hippo signaling pathway is a signal pathway that maintains the size of organs and the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis, and also plays an important role in maintaining bone homeostasis and bone metabolism. In the process of regulating bone development and repair, it regulates the physiological activities of cells in microenvironment through protein kinase cascade reaction and transcriptional coactivator. The upstream and downstream effectors of Hippo signal pathway directly or indirectly regulate the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of bone metabolic cells, and the interaction with Wnt signal pathway, Notch signal pathway and other important pathways related to bone repair show that Hippo signal pathway plays an important role in the regulation of fracture healing and may become a new target to promote fracture healing. This article reviews the regulatory mechanism of Hippo signaling pathway and its regulatory role in the process of fracture healing, and looks forward to the research prospect of promoting bone healing by using it as a target.

Objective To develop a modified method of adherent culturing NSCs to replace the traditional suspension culturing method.Methods Neural stem cells(NSCs)were isolated from brain of fetal mouse at 15.5-day fetal age.In culture bottle which had been pre-coated with poly-L-ornithine hydrochloride/fibronectin(PO/FN),the cells were adherently cultured and passaged.The cell morphology was observed under inverted microscope.NSCs and their differentiated cells were identified by immunofluorescence.Results NSCs obtained in this study were successfully adherently cultured and expressed specific markers.Conclusion NSCs are successfully adherently cultured in this study.As compared with the traditional suspension culturing method,adherent culturing is simpler and has lower wastage of passage.It is easy to observe cell morphology and differentiation by this method.It is also helpful to culturing and storage of NSCs.

Objective To study the results using T-tube and retroperitoneal space drainage to manage perforating injury of the distal common bile duct(PIDC) during common bile duct(CBD) exploration.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 12 patients who were diagnosed to suffer from PIDC during CBD exploration from 2010 to 2012.Result All these 12 patients who received T-tube and retroperitoneal space drainage,gastrointestinal decompression,nutritional support and antibiotics recovered uneventfully.Conclusion Given that the CBD was unobstructed,T-tube and retroperitoneal space drainage was an good treatment for patients with PIDC.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of an olive oil-based lipid emulsion for parenteral nutrition in patients after hepatectomy.Methods Thirty-one postoperative patients with elective hepateetomy were randomized to receive isonitrogenous,isocalorie parenteral nutrition over 6 days after liver lobectomy(48-72hours)with either olive oil-based lipid emulsion(study group,n=15)or standard soybean oil emulsion(control group,n=16).The liver function and plasma protoins were assessed using peripheral venous blood collected before surgery,one day after surgery,and 7 days after surgery.The safety profiles of emulsion supports and postoperative rehabilitation were also assessed.Results The preoperative serum levels of total bilirubin,direct bilirubin,alanine amiotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,alkaline phosphatase,total protein,albumin,and prealbumin were comparable between the two groups(all P>0.05).Although the Postoperative safety profile and liver function were not significantly different between two groups(all P>0.05),plasma total proteins,albumin,and prealbumin returned to the normal levels significantly faster in the study group than in control group[(57.57±9.84)g/L vs.(47.76±6.53)g/L,P=0.000;(31.29±3.11)g/L vs.(26.34±4.87)g/L,P=0.000;(0.188±0.059)g/L vs.(0.103±0.037)g/L,P=0.000]on the 7th Postoperative day,and the Postoperative hospital stay was also significantly shorter in the study group[(13.1±1.2)d vs.(15.2±1.1)d,P=0.041].The incidence of postoperative complications in study group and control group was 26.7%and 31.3%.respectively.Conclusions Treatment with the new olive oil-based lipid emulsion is weU tolerated in hepatectomy patients.It can speed up plasma proteins recovery and may shorten postoperative hospital stay,although it does not remarkably decrease the incidence of postoperative complications.

Background and purpose:Unbalance of apoptosis regulation plays an important role in tumor initiation and progression.Survivin and caspase-3 all take part in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis.We investigated the role of survivin and caspase-3 in apoptosis of gastric carcinoma,as well as its relationship with the clinicopathologic features and the prognosis of gastric carcinoma by using tissue microarray.Methods:The gastric cancer tissue microarrays were composed of tissues from 100 cases of carcinoma of the stomach without a history of chemo-radiation therapy and 30 gastric tissues of control subject.The diameter of each specimen on tissue microarrays was 2.0 mm.Expressions of survivin,caspase-3 were investigated immunohistochemically on these tissue microarrays.Tumor cell apoptosis index was also examined by TUNEL method.Of the 100 cases,47 cases were followed-up from 14 months to 13 years,in which the prognosis was analyzed.Results:Two paraffin-embedded gastric carcinoma tissue microarrays were successfully constructed,including 114 and 116 tissue spots,respectively.Immunohistochemical analysis showed that survivin expression was positive in 78 cases(78%) in this series.In contrast,no expression of survivin in control tissues was detected(P

Objective To investigate the diagnostic significance of synchronous observation on bone marrow biopsy,bone marrow smear and peripheral blood smear in stubborn hematonosis.Methods Thirty-seven patients with difficult and complicated hematologic diseases were detected by peripheral blood smear,bone marrow smear and bone marrow biopsy.Those slides and smears were observed.Results The 37 cases with blood disease was diagnosed of aplastic anemia in 3 cases,5 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome,6 cases of primary myelofibrosis,13 cases of secondary myelofibrosis,7 cases of lymphoma with bone marrow infiltration and 3 cases of metastatic carcinoma of bone marrow.In the diagnosis of aplastic anemia,myelodysplastic syndrome,primary and secondary myelofibrosis,lymphoma and metastatic carcinoma of bone marrow diagnosis,bone marrow biopsy is superior to smear.Conclusion Bone marrow biopsy,bone marrow smear and peripheral blood smear synchronous observation can effectively increase the diagnostic rate,decrease misdiagnosis rate,and correctly identify the stage of the disease.

Objective To explore Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression after partial liver ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) in BALB/c mice and its relationship with liver function impairment. Methods All the animals were randomly divided into ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) and sham operation (S) groups. Total RNA was extracted from the liver samples and the expression of TLR2 mRNA was analyzed quantitatively by real time PCR method. Membrane protein was extracted, and the expression of TLR2 protein was detected by western blot method. Portal vein serum and plasma were taken for further detection of the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF ?) and endotoxin . Results After 1h of partial liver ischemia and 4 h of reperfusion, the expression of TLR2 mRNA and TLR2 protein were both remarkably upregulated in tissues of ischemic liver lobes in I/R group compared with that in S group (value of TLR2mRNA: 1.06?0.91vs5.08?1.32,P0.05). Conclusions TLR2mRNA and TLR2 protein expression were upregulated in tissues of ischemic liver lobes after partial I/R injury in mice, and were associated with increased levels of portal vein ALT and TNF ?,and impairment of liver function.

Objective To evaluate the expressions and its clinical significance of Foxj2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.Methods Fifty cancer tissues from patients who underwentsurgery were collected.Western blot and immunohisto-chemical methods were used to detect the expressions of Foxj2.Results Results of western blot showed that Foxj2 expres-sion in lung cancer tissue was significantly lower than adjacent tissues.The difference between the two groups was statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Immunohistoehemical results showed that the number of Foxj2-positive cells in adjacent tissues was significantly higher than that in cancer tissues,and the expression of Foxj2 in non-lymphatic node metastasis group was higher than that in lymphatic node metastasis.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.01).Conclusion The expressions and location of Foxj2 was related to the lymphatic node metastasis of lung cancer.This phenomenon indicates that Foxj2 may play an important role in the development of lung cancer.

Objective To study the expression and clinical significance of Kif2a in breast carcinoma by the application of tissue microarray. Methods Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry method (S-P) were used to examine the expression of Kif2a in 102 cases of breast carcinoma tissue and adjacent tissue. The prognosis of 62 cases followed up were studied by both univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The expression of Kif2a has significant difference between breast carcinoma tissue and adjacent tissue. Kif2a expression were associated with lymph nodal involvement and HER2 expression (P < 0.05). In the 62 cases with followed-up data, univariante analysis revealed that the expression of Kif2a, lymph nodal involvement and HER2 expression were correlated with the survival rate. Cox stepwise proportional hazards analysis showed that they were independently prognostic factors. Conclusions Kif2a expression in breast carcinoma were associated with lymph nodal involvement and HER2 expression (P<0.05). It is meaningful to examine Kif2a expression for prognosis of the breast carcinoma.

Objective To establish a canine model with pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE) of selective lobar pulmonary artery embolization mimicking chronic thromboembolism, to assess the effects of an inhaled nitric oxide (NO) 20 ppm on vital signs, blood gas, hemodynamic parameters and neutrophils in the alveolar of the canine model. Methods Twenty canines were divided into four groups: group 1: sham group (n=5); group 2; ischemic lung group (PTE group without embolectomy, n=5); group 3; reperfusion lung group (PTE group with embolectomy, n=5); group 4: reperfusion lung group with inhaled NO (PTE group inhaled 20 ppm NO after embolectomy, n=5). And central venous pressure (CVP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP), pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) and carbon monoxide (CO) were recorded, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was also calculated. Vital signs, blood gases were measured before embolectomy and at 2, 4, 6 hours after the operation. Albumin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by chromatometry of Coomassie brilliant blue. Lung wet to dry weight ratio(W/D) was also measured. Lung tissue pathology and alveolar PMN in the left lower lobar were observed by optical microscopy. Results MPAP increased significantly at 2 hours after reperfusion [(3. 20±0.53)kPa vs. (2. 27±0. 67)kPa,F=63,P=0.02]; At 6 hours after reperfusion as compared with baseline,HR increased significantly [(175±8) beats/min vs. (155±5) beats/min, F=38.72, P=0.01],PaO_2/FiO_2 also decreased significantly (41.70±8.04 vs. 54.71±3.78,F=48.36,P=0.03). MPAP decreased significantly in group 4 as compared with group 3 at 2 hours after reperfusion [(2.53±0.4)kPa vs. (3. 20±0. 53)kPa,F=55,P=0.04]. At 4 hours after reperfusion,PaO_2/FiO_2 raised in group 4,but there was no significant difference as compared with group 3 (49.17±7.37 vs. 39.71±7.31, F=2.36, P=0. 11). The quantities of alveolar PMN infiltration in group 4 decreased significantly as compared with group 3 (19±6/10 HPF vs. 31±11/10 HPF, F=98, P=0.01).Conclusions Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury can be induced by embolectomy from lower pulmonary artery in the PTE model embolized for one week. An inhaled NO 20 ppm can decrease the elevated pulmonary artery pressure induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury and may alleviate the injury by reducing the PMN immigration into the alveoli.