Arsenic is a common environmental toxin,but also a carcinogen.Long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic can cause multi-system and multi-organ damage in the body,including cancerous and non-cancerous lesions.As one of the main target organs of arsenic exposure,skin damage is of great significance for the diagnosis and health assessment of arsenic poisoning in population threatened by the disease.From the perspective of arsenic exposure and skin cancer,the aim of this article is to summarize the epidemiology,pathogenesis and medical intervention of arsenic-induced skin cancer,and to provide reference for the pathogenesis and prevention of endemic arsenic poisoning related skin diseases.

OBJECTIVE Study the kidney toxic effects caused by burning coal endemic arsenism in rats,application bench mark dose (BMD) method to investigate the bench mark dose of urinary arsenic (UAs)and the changes in bio markers of renal function.METHODS Wistar rats were fed for 90 d with arsenic 0,25,50,100 mg·kg -1 conta minated feed.Urinary arsenic,kidney arsenic and renal function indicators were determined,and routine pathological and fibrosis of kidney were exa mined.UAs as the exposure bio marker,Uβ2-MG,UNAG and UALB for the effect bio markers,application bench mark dose method to calculate the BMD and BMDL of UAs for each effect bio markers.RESULTS UAs,KAs, Uβ2-MG,UNAG,UALB levels of rats in arsenic 100 mg·kg -1 group were increased than normal group (P <0.05);In light microscope,the results of HE staining of rat kidney in all arsenic dose groups showed infla mmatory cell infiltration,renal tubular epithelial cell swelling,renal interstitial capillary dila-tion,congestion and other varying degrees pathological changes,and the results of masson staining showed varying degrees of tubulointerstitial fibrosis;UAs as the exposure bio marker,Uβ2-MG,UNAG, UALB for the effects of mark,the BMD and BMDL of UAs for Uβ2-MG,UNAG,UALB were calculated, the BMD values were 998.9,1213.5,1386.9 μg·g -1 Cr,the BMDL values were 660.5,803.6 and 909. 4 μg·g -1 Cr,respectively.CONCLUSION Burning coal arsenic pollution can cause kidney da mage in rats,mini mal change nephropathy may be the pri mary pathological in the coal arsenic conta mination of kidney da mage.The BMD and BMDL of UAs were 998.9,660.5 μg·g -1 Cr,the early changes of renal function of burning coal arsenism in rats;it is reco mmended to use the more sensitive bio markers Uβ2-MG to calculate the biological exposure li mits on renal injury caused by arsenic.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of IgG4 related autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Methods Clinical data of 12 patients pathologically diagnosed as IgG4 related AIP in Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2003 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the ethical committee approval was received. All the patients were males with a mean age of (54±13) years old. All were misdiagnosed as pancreatic head carcinoma and received pancreatoduodenectomy. Data of the clinical manifestations, laboratory, imaging and pathological examinations were collected. The patients were followed up after operations, the treatment and outcome were studied. Results The clinical manifestations of the 12 patients were abdominal pain (n=7), jaundice(n=7), emaciation(n=6) and no obvious symptom (n=1). Three cases were combined with diabetes, 1 case with chronic sialadenitis of submandibular gland. The patient's blood and urine amylase were normal. Blood gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) increase was observed in 12 cases. Mild increase of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was observed in 9 cases. Cancer antigen (CA) 125 increase was observed in 3 cases, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) increase in 2 cases. Through contrast-enhanced CT, partial pancreatic head enlargement was observed in 11 cases, in which 3 cases were observed combining with mild expansion of pancreatic duct. Through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), sausage-like change of pancreas body was observed in 4 cases, peripancreatic sheath-like change in 5 cases. Through magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), stenoses in the pancreatic duct of pancreatic head segment and distal common bile duct were observed including 4 cases of mild expansion in the distal pancreatic duct. Local invasion was not observed by imaging examinations. Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis was determined by pathological examination. Positive expression of IgG4 was observed by immunohistochemistry. Twelve cases suffered from discontinuous abdominal pain after operations, in which 7 cases needed acesodyne. One case relieved after using prednisone. Conclusions Clinical manifestations of IgG4 related AIP are similar to pancreatic carcinoma and can be misdiagnosed as pancreatic carcinoma easily. The main clinical features are mild increase of blood CA19-9. Partial pancreatic head enlargement, pancreas body sausage-like change, peripancreatic sheath-like change, and no local invasion are observed by imaging examinations. Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis is determined by pathological examination. Positive expression of IgG4 is observed by immunohistochemistry. Adrenocortical hormone treatment is effective.

In December 2018,the National Health Commission and nine relevant departments joindy formulate and issue the "Special Three-Year Program for Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases (2018-2020)",six major actions and requirements are clarified,and the direction for scientific prevention and control of endemic arsenic poisoning in the new era is pointed out.In order to improve the level of prevention and control of endemic arsenic poisoning,innovation in thinking and technology are required.The emergence of big data related technologies provides an important way and mode to break through the bottleneck of prevention and control in endemic arsenic poisoning.Based on the requirements of prevention and control of endemic arsenic poisoning under new circumstances and the new characteristics of medical research of the era of big data,this paper focuses on combing and analyzing the scientific problems that need to be solved at the current stage of endemic arsenic poisoning,and providing reference for promoting the optimization of prevention and control strategies on endemic arsenic poisoning.

BACKGROUND:Pelvic fractures encompass a range of types,and the utilization of a pelvic reduction frame for restoration often lacks a systematic repositioning method.Instead,it relies on the operator's experience in conjunction with fluoroscopic findings,which can lead to uncertainty and non-reproducibility. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the clinical efficacy of combining computer-simulated repositioning techniques with a pelvic reduction frame for the treatment of anteroposterior compression-III pelvic fractures. METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 19 patients with anteroposterior compression-III pelvic fractures who underwent preoperative repositioning via computer simulation and intraoperative repositioning with the assistance of a pelvic reduction frame between January 2018 and December 2021.Among them,7 cases were fixed with double plate in anterior ring and 12 cases were fixed with single plate combined with anterior subcutaneous internal fixation(INFIX).All patients received posterior ring fixation with two sacroiliac screws.Operative duration,intraoperative reduction time,the frequency of intraoperative fluoroscopy use,blood loss,and follow-up duration were documented.These data were utilized to monitor fracture healing time and postoperative complications.Fracture reduction quality was evaluated according to the Matta scale,and the Majeed Pelvic Function Score was employed to assess patient function during the final follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Surgery was successfully completed in all 19 patients.The anterior ring was secured with double plates in 7 cases,while a single plate combined with INFIX was utilized in 12 cases.The posterior ring was stabilized with two sacroiliac screws,specifically targeting the S1 and S2 cones.(2)The operation duration ranged from 74 to 147 minutes,with a mean of(101.63±19.55)minutes.Intraoperative repositioning took place over a period of 26 to 41 minutes,with a mean of(38.11±3.31)minutes.The number of intraoperative fluoroscopies conducted ranged from 35 to 81,with a mean of(62.68±13.11)times.Intraoperative bleeding volumes varied from 60 to 130 mL,with a mean of(85.37±20.57)mL.(3)All the patients were diligently monitored for a duration of 12 to 26 months.Fracture healing was observed within a time frame of 12 to 20 weeks,with a mean of(16.37±2.50)weeks.(4)The evaluation according to Matta's criteria one day post-surgery revealed excellent outcomes in 14 cases and good outcomes in 5 cases.At the final follow-up,the Majeed function score indicated excellent results in 16 cases and good results in 3 cases.(5)Two patients experienced localized fat liquefaction phenomena,characterized by redness,swelling,and oozing at the incision site,which gradually resolved with proactive dressing changes.None of the patients encountered complications such as internal fixation loosening,loss of fracture reduction,or nerve injuries post-surgery.It is concluded that the combined approach of using computer-simulated repositioning techniques in conjunction with pelvic reduction frames for the treatment of anteroposterior compression-III pelvic fractures has advantages in enhancing repositioning efficiency and improving pelvic function.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of limited internal fixation combined with a hinged external fixator in the treatment of peri-elbow bone infection. METHODS: The clinical data of 19 patients with peri-elbow bone infection treated with limited internal fixation combined with a hinged external fixator between May 2018 and May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 15 males and 4 females with an average age of 44.6 years (range, 28-61 years). There were 13 cases of distal humerus fractures and 6 cases of proximal ulna fractures. All the 19 cases were infected after internal fixation of fracture, and 2 cases were complicated with radial nerve injury. According to Cierny-Mader anatomical classification, 11 cases were type Ⅱ, 6 cases were type Ⅲ, and 2 cases were type Ⅳ. The duration of bone infection was 1-3 years. After primary debridement, the bone defect was (3.04±0.28) cm, and the antibiotic bone cement was implanted into the defect area, and the external fixator was installed; 3 cases were repaired with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, and 2 cases were repaired with lateral brachial fascial flap. Bone defects repair and reconstruction were performed after 6-8 weeks of infection control. The wound healing was observed, and white blood cell (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reaction protein (CRP) were reexamined regularly after operation to evaluate the infection control. X-ray films of the affected limb were taken regularly after operation to observe the bone healing in the defect area. At last follow-up, the flexion and extension range of motion and the total range of motion of the elbow joint were observed and recorded, and compared with those before operation, and the function of the elbow joint was evaluated by Mayo score. RESULTS: All patients were followed up 12-34 months (mean, 26.2 months). The wounds healed in 5 cases after skin flap repair. Two cases of recurrent infection were effectively controlled by debridement again and replacement of antibiotic bone cement. The infection control rate was 89.47% (17/19) in the first stage. Two patients with radial nerve injury had poor muscle strength of the affected limb, and the muscle strength of the affected limb recovered from grade Ⅲ to about grade Ⅳ after rehabilitation exercise. During the follow-up period, there was no complication such as incision ulceration, exudation, bone nonunion, infection recurrence, or infection in the bone harvesting area. Bone healing time ranged from 16 to 37 weeks, with an average of 24.2 weeks. WBC, ESR, CRP, PCT, and elbow flexion, extension, and total range of motions significantly improved at last follow-up ( P<0.05). According to Mayo elbow scoring system, the results were excellent in 14 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 2 cases, and the excellent and good rate was 89.47%. CONCLUSION Limited internal fixation combined with a hinged external fixator in the treatment of the peri-elbow bone infection can effectively control infection and restore the function of the elbow joint.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Elbow ; Elbow Joint/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Bone Cements ; Treatment Outcome ; External Fixators ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; Fractures, Bone ; Range of Motion, Articular