Objective To establish the content determination method of berberine hydrochloride in Sifangwei capsules.Methods HPLC method was used with octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica as the filler,acetonitrile-0.05 mol/L KH2PO4 solution(25∶75) as the mobile phase,detective wavelength was 230 nm.The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 3 000.Results The content determination method has a good linear relation at the range of 0.201 6～1.008 ?g(r=0.999 8).The recovery rate was 98.7%,RSD=1.24%(n=5).Conclusion The method is simple,accurate,with good separation and reproducibility,and can be used for the quality control of Sifangwei capsules.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of clinical pharmacists in the drug treatment of infected patients in neurosur-gery department. METHODS:Clinical pharmacists participated in the formulation of anti-infective treatment plan for a infected case after meningioma surgery. According to drug antibacterial spectrum,result of laboratory and image examinations and disease condition of patients,etc.,the patient was given cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium (3 g,ivgtt,q8 h),rifampicin (0.45 g,ivgtt,q12 h)and vancomycin(1 g,ivgtt,q12 h);the body temperature of the patient increased again and clinical pharmacist suggested meropenem 1 g,ivgtt,q8 h and vancomycin 1 g,ivgtt,q12 h. RESULTS:After 53 d treatment,infection was timely brought under control. The patient was discharged from hospital after improved on 72th day. CONCLUSIONS:Through the partici-pation of clinical pharmacists in pharmaceutical care for anti-infective drug treatment in neurosurgery department contribute to ratio-nal drug use in the clinic and guarantee the safety of drug use.

Interferon and nucleotide/nucleoside analogues are currently widely used in the management of chronic hepatitis B virus ( HBV) infections, but are facing problems such as poor sustained virologic response, low HBsAg clearance rate and a high risk of recurrence after drug withdraw.Exploring new target of anti-HBV agent has become a hot topic in recent years.This paper reviews the research progress on new anti-HBV targets and related drugs.

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Objective To investigate the association of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in p.S267F of SLC10A1 gene with clinical outcomes of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods Clinical data of 1 268 patients with HBV infections admitted in Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Fudan University during July 2014 and February 2015 were collected.Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP) method was used to genotype the p .S267F of SLC10A1 gene in all patients, and the potential association between variants in p .S267F of SLC10A1 gene and the clinical outcomes of HBV infection was analyzed .Results Among 1 268 patients with HBV infections, 1 226 were of genotype CC, and 42 were of genotype CT, so the variation rate in p.S267F was 3.31%(42/1 268).Compared with patients with genotype CC , patients with genotype CT had a higher incidence of acute HBV infections (13.6%vs.28.6%,χ2 =19.819, P<0.05) and a lower incidence of HBV-related liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (13.9% vs.4.8%, χ2 =18.945, P <0.05). Conclusion RFLP in p.S267F of SLC10A1 gene may be associated with chronicity and aggravation of HBV infection, and genotype CT is possibly a protective factor .

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a serious threat to the health and quality of life in the elderly. It is important to establish an ideal experimental animal model to study the etiology and treatment of osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE: To establish a rat model of osteoporosis induced by different dosages of retinoic acid, thus selecting the optimal dosage.METHODS: Eighty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, low-, middle- and high-dosage groups based on body mass (n=20 per group), The rats in the latter three groups were induced with 80, 100, and 120 mg/(kg?d) retinoic acid via gastric lavage for 14 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the bone mineral density, number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and bone microarchitecture in the low-dosage group showed no significant changes, while there were significant decrease in the serum level of calcium and bone mineral density of femur, significant increase in the number of osteoclasts at the femur and significant changes in the femoral microarchitecture in the middle- and high-dosage groups, especially in the middle-dose group. To conclude, 120 mg/(kg?d) retinoic acid via gastric lavage for 14 days can induce a stable osteoporosis model in rats.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary liver cancer with a very poor prognosis.In order to guide better clinical management of ICC patients,the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) cancer staging manual (7th edition) have established a unique TNM staging scheme for separating ICC from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for the first time,and reflected a difference between risk factor of ICC and HCC.This TNM staging system for ICC has been most recently updated by the AJCC cancer staging manual (8th edition),in which T staging has been redefined without gross features,and lymph node metastasis (N1) in N staging has been grouped as stage Ⅲ B,but not stage Ⅳ as required by the 7th edition of AJCC cancer staging manual.In addition,region lymphatic and distant metastases have been clearly redefined by the AJCC cancer staging manual (8th edition) that also requires recovering at least 6 lymph nodes for the N staging scheme.The apparent advantages of the AJCC cancer staging manual (8th edition) for ICC pathologic staging may better stratify the prognosis of ICC patients and provide an improved guidance in clinical practice.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in developed countries. The obvious association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been proved by a series of retrospective and prospective studies in recent years. It is indicated that NAFLD could result in CVD by increasing carotid intima thickness and arterial wall stiffness and causing endothelial dysfunction, coronary artery calcification, left ventricular remodeling, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. As an independent risk factor, NAFLD could promote the development and progression of CVD, which, correspondingly, is the main cause of death in NAFLD patients. Therefore, risk assessment for CVD in NAFLD patients is so important that the disease progression could be delayed by lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy. Then the mortality related to CVD may be reduced and the overall prognosis of NAFLD patients would be improved.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects up to a third of the population in developed countries. Between 10% and 30% of patients with NAFLD have non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). There are metabolic risk factors common to both NAFLD and cardiovascular disease, so patients with NASH have an increased risk of liver-related and cardiovascular death. This articles reviews the most recent advances in the management of NAFLD in five main areas: lifestyle modification, weight loss treatment, therapy for metabolic syndrome, insulin sensitizer and antioxidant pharmacotherapy, and management of end-stage liver disease. It is pointed out that clinicians need to pay more attention to metabolic syndrome in the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.

Objective To evaluate the effects of exendin-4 on glial brillary acidic protein (GFAP ) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) expression in hippocampi of aged rats .Methods Forty-eight healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats ,aged 22-24 weeks ,weighing 500-700 g ,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table:control group (group C ) ,exendin-4 group (group E ) ,operation group (group O ) and exendin-4 plus operation group (group OE) .The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal fentanyl and droperidol .Groups C and E did not receive anesthesia or splenectomy .In O and OE groups ,splenectomy was carried out .In E and OE groups , exendin-4 5 μg/kg was injected intraperitoneally at 30 min before skin incision and 12 h after operation .C and O groups received the equal volume of normal saline instead of exendin-4 .Learning and memory function was assessed using Morris water maze test (escape latency (EL) and total swimming distance (TSD) at 1 day before operation (T0 ) .The fasting blood glucose was measured after anesthesia (T1 ) ,at the end of operation (T2 ) and on postoperative day 1 (T3 ) .The rats were sacrificed after assessment of the cognitive function at T 3 and the hippocampi were removed for determination of the expression of GFAP (by immuno-histochemistry ) and IL-1β(by Western blot ) .Results There was no significant difference in the EL and TSD at T0 between the four groups ( P>0.05) .Compared with group C ,the EL and TSD were significantly prolonged at T3 and fasting blood glucose was increased at T2 ,3 ,and the expression of IL-1βand GFAP was up-regulated at T3 in O and OE groups ( P<0.05) .Compared with group O ,the EL and TSD were significantly prolonged at T3 and fasting blood glucose was decreased at T2 ,3 ,and the expression of IL-1βand GFAP was down-regulated at T3 in group OE ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Exendin-4 can improve the postoperative cognitive function of aged rats by inhibiting inflammatory responses in hippocampi and maintaining stable perioperative blood glucose .