Objective To develop the instrument for inpatients involvement in patient medication safety,and to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Methods The draft scale was formulated by combining results of literature review,semi-structured interviews and Delphi expert consultation.Totally 461 inpatients in a tertiary hospital in Wuhan were selected for investigation to examine its reliability and validity.Results The final scale consisted of 3 dimensions and 23 items.The Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.916 for the total scale and ranged from 0.777 to 0.858 for 3 dimensions;Spearman-Brown coefficients of 3 dimensions varied from 0.740 to 0.843;the test-retest correlation was 0.742 for the total scale.The scale content validity index was 0.923,and the item content validity index ranged from 0.833 to 1.000.Factor analysis was used to extract 5 factors,and 3 factors were allowed according to the scree test.Therefore,the cumulative variance contribution rate was 51.191％ for 3 factors.Conclusion The Inpatients Involvement in Patient Medication Safety Scale has good reliability and validity.It can be used to evaluate inpatients' engagement behavior in medication safcty,and provide reference for quality management of nursing safety.

Objective To study the nurse-patient communication procedures among nursing interns. Method Totally 334 nursing interns were involved in the survey using the basic questionnaire and the nurse-patient communication procedure scale. Result The average score of the communication skills was 22 . 91 ± 2 . 13 , with the dimensions of communication preparation (0.97 ± 0.07), information collection (0.88 ± 0.13), information sending (0.90 ± 0.12), respecting patients (0.91 ± 0.18), ending communication (0.98 ± 0.08). Conclusions The nurse-patient communication skills of the nursing interns were at a relatively high level. They could conduct the effective communication according to the communication procedures in the sequence of communication preparation, information collection, information sending, respect patients and ending communication. But they are weak in the procedures of information collection and information sending. Therefore, some special trains, such as case analysis, can be done to improve the ability in these procedures.

Objective: To investigate the awareness of relevant knowledge and influencing factors among high-risk populations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), so as to provide the reference for improving COPD awareness and disease prevention. Methods: The COPD high-risk populations were selected from community health service centers of Nanfeng, Jingang, Daxin and Fenghuang townships in Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province from 2020 to 2022. Basic information, lifestyle, health status and awareness of relevant knowledge were collected through questionnaire surveys. Anxiety symptoms was assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. Factors affecting the awareness of relevant knowledge among COPD high-risk populations were identified using a structural equation model. Results: A total of 2 078 COPD high-risk populations were surveyed, including 1 111 females (53.53%) and 967 males (46.47%), and had a mean age of (60.85±6.59) years. The total awareness score of relevant knowledge among high-risk populations for COPD was (6.33±2.59) points, with an awareness rate of 72.18%. Structural equation model analysis showed that age, annual household income, educational level, smoking, respiratory diseases, occupational exposure and anxiety symptoms had direct effects on the awareness of relevant knowledge, with direct effect values of -0.057 (95%CI: -0.099 to -0.014), 0.048 (95%CI: 0.005 to 0.090), 0.162 (95%CI: 0.117 to 0.204), 0.060 (95%CI: 0.018 to 0.096), 0.055 (95%CI: 0.021 to 0.088), 0.139 (95%CI: 0.107 to 0.170) and -0.172 (95%CI: -0.209 to -0.135), respectively; while age, gender, and occupational exposure also had indirect effects on the awareness of relevant knowledge, with indirect effect values of -0.069 (95%CI: -0.090 to -0.051), -0.084 (95%CI: -0.113 to -0.053), and 0.007 (95%CI: 0.003 to 0.014), respectively. Conclusion The awareness of relevant knowledge among COPD high-risk populations is associated with age, gender, annual household income, educational level, smoking, respiratory diseases, occupational exposure and anxiety symptoms.

Objective To explore the experience of inpatients in self-safety management in order to take relevant measures to meet the needs of patients to promote the patient's participation in patient safety management. Methods In-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken and a total of 11 inpatients in one first-class grade A hospital were interviewed.The acquired data by inter-viewing were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology. Result Three themes were extracted:(1)feeling poor commu-nication with medical staffs during participation; (2)no access to disease-related information; (3)inability to participate in self-safety management. Conclusions There are still many problems in the management and implementation of patients'participation in patient safety. The relevant departments should take appropriate measures to promote communication between medical staffs and patients, strengthen patient health education and optimize access to information for patients.

Objective To develop a scientific and practical index system to evaluate service quality of patients for patient safety.Methods Using literature research method,expert group discussion,Delphi method and percentage weight method to determine the index system.Results For two rounds of surveys,the recovery rate of questionnaire was 88.46％ and 84.62％,respectively;the authority coefficients were 0.837 and 0.842,respectively.In the second round,variation coefficients of each item ranged from 0 to 0.213,and coefficient coordination were 0.429.The index system consisted of 6 first-level indexes,9 second-level indexes and 26 third-level indexes.Conclusion A scientific and reliable index system to evaluate service quality of patients for patient safety was developed,which provides a scientific assessment tool for the evaluation of service quality of patients for patient safety.

Objective To learn the links of hospital originating segments of nursing adverse events about chemotherapy and analyze the causes, in order to prevent, early detect and treat, and to provide basis for developing more rational strategies.Methods Totals of 40 cases of adverse events reported in two upper first-class hospitals were retrospectively analyzed.Results The most frequent type of the 40 nursing adverse events about chemotherapy were medication errors, accounting for 27.50%.Peripheral venous leakage of chemotherapy drugs was the most prominent of all the originating segments, accounting for 20.00%.Check lax was the main internal cause of chemotherapy adverse events, accounting for 15.69%.Patients’ poor physical condition was the main external factor, accounting for 7.84%.Meanwhile, patients and their families’ participation could greatly help to achieve early detection of nursing adverse events about chemotherapy.10.00%of nursing adverse events were detected before chemotherapy, 35.00% of nursing adverse events were detected during chemotherapy, and 55.00%of nursing adverse events were detected after chemotherapy.Within the 40 nursing adverse events, 56.76%of the events were detected by nurses and 43.33%of the events were detected by the patients or their families.Conclusions The analysis of the nursing adverse events about chemotherapy shows that nurses’ professional ability and hospital management system need to be improved.A new systematic chemotherapy security management strategies are worthy for further study.

Objective:To understand the real experience and coping style of medication safety behaviors of the elderly suffering from chronic diseases in nursing homes and to provide evidence for the medication safety of the elderly.Methods:The objective sampling method was adopted to select 16 elderly patients suffering from chronic diseases in 3 nursing homes in Wuhan from January to April 2019 as the research objects. The phenomenological research method in qualitative research was used to conduct semi-structured interviews, and at the same time, on-site recording was conducted. With the help of NVivo8.0 statistical software, the data were analyzed according to Colaizzi analysis method and the themes were extracted.Results:The real experience of medication safety for elderly people suffering from chronic diseases in nursing homes can be summarized into five major themes, including many types of medications and confusion in memory, difficulty in medications due to different frequencies, large doses of medications and worried about side effects, taking medicine for a long time and difficulty in persisting and poor effects and difficulty in trusting.Conclusions:Elderly people suffering from chronic diseases have many hidden safety hazards in taking medicines. It is necessary to take appropriate measures to intervene in time to prevent the occurrence of adverse events related to taking medicines and to ensure the safety and effectiveness of medications for the elderly.

Innate and adaptive immune responses initiated by infection depend on recognition and control of pathogens by macrophages,dendritic cells,T cells and so on.Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway,which is activated by interac-tion of receptors and ligands,thus coordinating important life processes of cells.At present,it has been confirmed that Notch signaling pathway is involved in development,differentiation,maturation and activation of many kinds of immune cells,and plays an important role in infectious diseases.In this review,we mainly focus on the role of Notch signaling pathway in immune regulation during different pathogens infection and its interaction with other signaling pathways.Additionally,therapeutic methods and challenges of developing Notch signaling as a target in infectious diseases are also discussed.

Objective To develop an aged care aptitude assessment scale and to test its reliability and validity.Methods Based on the family caregivers care aptitude model,self-management theory and holistic nursing model,and with reference to the national standard of"specification for ability assessment of older adults",the first draft of the scale was formed through review of literature,semi-structured interviews,expert inquiry and pre-survey.From April to August 2023,675 aged caregivers in several communities in 9 provinces including Hubei,Guangdong etc.were investigated to test the reliability and validity of the scale.Results The aged care aptitude assessment scale included 3 dimensions and 33 items.The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.99;the split-half reliability was 0.92;the two-week test-retest reliability was 0.84;the overall content validity index of the scale was 0.94;the content validity index of each item was 0.83-1.00;exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 common factors;the cumulative variance contribution rate was 85.88％;confirmatory factor analysis were x2/df=1.260、IFI=0.993、TLI=0.995、CFI=0.994、RMR=0.047、RMSEA=0.074.Conclusion The aged care aptitude assessment scale has good reliability and validity,and it can be used as an assessment tool to measure the level of aged care aptitude for the aged.

Macrophage as a crucial component of innate immunity, plays an important role in inflammation and infection immunity. Notch signal pathway is a highly conserved pathway, which regulates cellular fate and participates in numerous pathological processes. At present, a lot of literature has confirmed the role of Notch signaling in regulating the differentiation, activation and metabolism of macrophage during inflammation and infection. This review focuses on how Notch signaling promotes macrophage pro-inflammatory and anti-infective immune function in different inflammatory and infectious diseases. In this regulation, Notch signaling interact with TLR signaling in macrophages or inflammatory-related cytokines including IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. Additionally, the potential application and challenges of Notch signaling as a therapeutic target against inflammation and infectious diseases are also discussed.
Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Macrophages ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Inflammation/metabolism* ; Communicable Diseases ; Receptors, Notch/metabolism*