In order to improve the quality of nursing dissertations,we combined the teaching of nursing research with clinical internship to teach nursing dissertation writing,following the process of program input-situation experience-clinical internship-problem study-dissertation writing.Taking problem study as the leading role,students as subject,self experience as the main access and tutors as whole-process instructors,we taught and evaluated nursing dissertations at different stages.Students'interests in scientific research,enthusiasm for participation and quality of dissertations were improved effectively.95.78％ of the students showed positive attitude to this teaching method.

Objective:To explore the usage of system dynamics analyzing the influencing factors of total health expenditure(THE),forecast the trends of total health expenditure based on the method of System Dynamics and put forward relative countermeasures.Methods:According to the literature and expert consultation,the population,elderly,GDP,government health expenditures,drug costs and the number of health workers per thousand population were the important factors for THE.These factors were incorporated into system dynamics model for total health expenditure and conducted the simulation.Results:Based on the examination,the simulation results highly corresponded to historical data (2002-2014) and the official forecast (2015-2020),which showed that the model had good stability and reliability.The simulation results showed that steadily increasing total health expenditure would reach 7 457.12 billion yuan in 2025.Conclusion:The system dynamics approach had superior characteristics to other projection methods in terms of stability and reliability.In order to control the irrational growth of total health expenditure,it needed to increase the prevention investment,decrease the incidence of chronic diseases;sustainably improve the reform of public hospitals,implement the basic drug system;change the income-oriented performance appraisal to realize the labor value of medical staffs.

Objective: To establish a microbial limit test method for compound benzocaine gel.Methods: According to the general principles of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition), method applicable experiments were performed respectively for the routine method, neutralization method and dilution & neutralization method.Using the recovery ratio of test bacteria as the index, the medium of dilution & neutralization method was adopted in the total aerobic microbial count and total combined yeasts and molds count, and the neutralization method was used for the control bacteria detection.The neutralizing agents were polysorbate 80 and lecithin.Results: The method of dilution & neutralization could eliminate the bacteriostasis of the drug, and the recovery ratio of each test bacteria was within the range of 0.5-2.0, which was in line with the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus could be detected out in the positive control bacterial test,and bacteria were not detected out in the negative test.Conclusion: The method can be used for the microbial limit test for compound benzocaine gel.

Compared to the mature monitoring and reporting system of ADRs in developed countries such as the USA and EU,medical institutions in China have played too much a role.Instead,local primary monitoring and reporting system of ADRs should expand their scope of monitoring and reporting,as drug makers,chain drugstores and retailers should develop an effective ADR monitor/report system as well.At present,such a primary system is plagued by insufficient budget and staff,imbalanced urban/rural layout and defective statements.Recommended measures include enhanced surveillance for drug makers,chain drugstores and retailers,for higher reporting ratio of ADRs at primary level; greater publicity and better monitoring and penalty mechanism; better platform for various organizations.

By engineering the subsite +1 of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) from Paenibacillus macerans, we improved its maltodextrin specificity for 2-O-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) synthesis. Specifically, we conducted site-saturation mutagenesis on Leu194, Ala230, and His233 in subsite +1 separately and gained 3 mutants L194N (leucine --> asparagine), A230D (alanine --> aspartic acid), and H233E (histidine --> glutamic acid) produced higher AA-2G yield than the wild-type and the other mutant CGTases. Therefore, the 3 mutants L194N, A230D, and H233E were further used to construct the double and triple mutations. Among the 7 obtained combinational mutants, the triple mutant L194N/A230D/H233E produced the highest AA-2G titer of 1.95 g/L, which was increased by 62.5% compared with that produced by the wild-type CGTase. Then, we modeled the reaction kinetics of all the mutants and found a substrate inhibition by high titer of L-AA for the mutants. The optimal temperature, pH, and reaction time of all the mutants were also determined. The structure modeling indicated that the enhanced maltodextrin specificity may be related with the changes of hydrogen bonding interactions between the side chain of residue at the three positions (194, 230 and 233) and the substrate sugars.
Ascorbic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Glucosyltransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Kinetics ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Paenibacillus ; enzymology ; Polysaccharides ; chemistry ; Protein Engineering ; Substrate Specificity ; Temperature

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance and relationship between the expression of FOXC1 and clinicopathological features, and to explore its correlation with E-cadherin. METHOD: Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detected the expression of FOXC1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and nasopharyngitis tissues. RESULT: (1) Immunoreaction to FOXC1 was mainly located in nucleus of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. The positive expression rate of FOXC1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues was 85.3% (81/95), which was significantly higher than that in nasopharyngitis tissues (59.4%) (P < 0.05). (2) The expression of FOXC1 was not related to patients' age and gender, clinical stage of cancer and lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). (3) There was a correlation between the expression of FOXC1 and down-regulated expression of E-cadherin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION FOXC1 may play an important role in generation and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, there may be a correlation between the expression of FOXC1 and down-regulated expression of E-cadherin, also FOXC1 may play an important role in the process of EMT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating E-cadherin.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; Cadherins ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nasopharyngitis ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the effect of 12(S)-HETE on the p27~(kip1) expression in mesangial cells and glomeruli.Methods:Mesangial cells were exposed to 12(S)-HETE.12(S)-HETE was infused to rats by osmotic mini-pump.Total protein content measurement for cell hypertrophy,RT-PCR for mRNA expression and Western blot for protein expression were performed respectively.Results:12(S)-HETE stimulation induced mesangial cell hypertrophy and p27~(kip1) protein expression,but not p27~(kip1) mRNA expression.Furthermore,p27~(kip1) mRNA and protein expression in the glomeruli were significantly increased by 12(S)-HETE stimulation using osmotic mini-pump.Conclusion:12(S)-HETE plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glomerular cell hypertrophy and senescence through upregulation of p27~(kip1) expression.

Objective To study the effect of Shaoyaozhitong Mixture on stageⅢ-Ⅳendometriosis, and explore its mechanism. Methods Ninty-five cases of stageⅢ-Ⅳ endometriosis were randomly divided into three groups. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (31 cases) was treated with Shaoyaozhitong Mixture, the GnRHa group (31 cases) was treated with Triptorelin Acetate for Injection, while the expectant group (33 cases) received no medications. The changes of CA125, TNF-α and VEGF levels, visual pain score and SF-36 score, total effective rate, pregnancy and recurrence were compared. Results There were significant increases in CA125, TNF-α and VEGF levels, visual analogue pain score and SF-36 score in all the three groups after treatment (P<0.05). The decline of CA125, TNF-αand VEGF levels and visual analogue pain score in TCM group and GnRHa group was significantly faster and greater than that of the expectant group (P<0.05). The total effective rates of TCM group was 83.9%(26/31), GnRHa group was 87.1%(27/31), and expectant group was 60.6%(20/33), TCM group and GnRHa group were superior to the expectant group, respectively (P<0.05). The pregnancy rate was higher and recurrence rate was lower in TCM group and GnRHa group than that of expectant group, but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Shaoyaozhitong Mixture is effective in treating endometriosis by inhibiting the growth of ectopic endometrium.

To evaluate the antiosteoporotic effects of benzyl benzoate glucosides from Curculigo orchioides (COBG) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.

Objective: To study the effects of TCFC on proliferation and osteogenic action of osteoblast in neonatal rat calvaria cultures in vitro. Methods: Osteoblasts were isolated from neonatal rat calvaria through trypsin and collagenase digestion. The proliferation and collagen synthesis were assayed by 3H TdR and 3H proline incorporation. The activity of ALP was measured by p nitrophenyl sodium phosphate assay. The ipriflavone was used as positive control drug.Results: TCFC significantly promoted bone cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and collage synthesis.Conclusion: TCFC had the anti osteoporosis action by promoting osteoblast proliferation, ALP activity and collage synthesis.