ObjectiveTo assess negative risk factors associate with short-term and long-term poor outcome of acute heart failure syndromes(AHFS) and provide evidence to emergently proceed to AHFS low risk stratification.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted. 125 AHFS patients who met research criterion were enrolled from Guangxi Baise People's Hospital and Youjiang District People's Hospital of Baise City. The patients were divided into poor outcome and relatively low-risk groups by the results of short- and long-term follow-up of their outcomes. The patient's vital signs and disease history were collected at the first time after admission, and auxillary examination parameters were recorded. The poor outcomes occurring in the follow-up periods from the admission to after discharge for 30 days(short-term) and 1 year(long-term)were recorded, and Cox hazard regression was used to analyze the negative risk factor in the short- and long-term.Results There were 58 cases(46.4%)with poor outcome and 30 cases(24.0%)dead in short-term, and there were 111 cases(88.8%) with poor outcome and 39 cases(31.2%) dead in the long-term follow up. Seven negative risk factors were identified by Cox regression. They were no previous or de novo myocardial infarction〔short-term: hazard ratio(HR)=0.36, 95% confidence interval (95%CI)=0.20-0.65,P=0.001〕, lymphocyte ratio 0.20-0.40(short-term:HR=0.13, 95%CI=0.04-0.47, P=0.002; long-term:HR=0.42, 95%CI=0.26-0.68,P=0.001),oxygenation index(PaO2/FiO2)>300 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa,short-term:HR=0.23, 95%CI=0.09-0.54,P=0.001),estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)>60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2(short-term:HR=0.31, 95%CI=0.16-0.64,P=0.002;long-term:HR=0.54, 95%CI=0.36-0.83,P=0.004),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)>0.50(short-term:HR=0.29, 95%CI= 0.10-0.85,P=0.024), P wave terminal force in lead V1(PtfV1)>-0.04 mm·s(short-term:HR=0.29, 95%CI= 0.14-0.60,P=0.001), planar QRS-T angle<90°(long-term:HR=0.46, 95%CI=0.27-0.77,P=0.003). ConclusionsOur patients with AHFS cohort have very poor outcomes both in short-term and long-term follow up. Those with the following characteristics: no previous or de novo myocardial fraction, lymphocyte ratio 0.20-0.40, PaO2/FiO2>300 mmHg, eGFR>60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2, PtfV1>-0.04 mm·s, LVEF>0.50 and planar QRS-T angle<90°are more likely to have optimal short-term and long-term outcome.