A simple assay for detection of phospholipase C (PLC) activity was developed based on a fluorescence liposome probe using the Liss Rhod PE-loaded phospholipid liposomes.The liposome probe was prepared by the coassembly of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and fluorescent lipid (Liss Rhod PE).The probe showed very low background fluorescence due to fluorescence self-quenching effect of Liss Rhod PE.As the PLC enzyme selectively digested lipid, the Rhod fluorescence was recovered from its quenched state, leading to the sensitive detection of PLC.This assay provided a limit of detection (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) of 2 U/L for PLC.In the presence of PLC inhibitor, the fluorescent response of the sensor for PLC decreased, indicating that the assay could also be used for screening PLC inhibitors.

Objective To investigate the effect of vascular inner diameter and artery flow velocity on the flow of internal arteriovenous fistula. Methods Sixty-two patients received the operation of internal fistula were enrolled. According to the inner diameter (Group A: d ≤ 1.5 mm, Group B: 1.5 mm < d ≤ 2.0 mm, Group C: 2.0 mm < d ≤ 3.0 mm, Group D: d > 3.0 mm), the patients were divided into four groups in terms of artery flow velocity (Group a: v ≤ 20 cm/s, Group b:20 cm/s < v≤50 cm/s, Group c:50 cm/s < v ≤ 100 cm/s, Group d:v > 100 cm/s), the differences of fistula and dialysis flow for two months were analyzed among various groups. Results Compared with Group B/b, patients in Group A/a had higher risk of operation failure, with lowered inner fistula flow and dialysis flow. In terms of inner venous diameter , there were significant differences between Group B and C. Conclusions It is not recommended to carry out the inner vascular fistula operation. Followed with the thickening and increasing of inner artery diameter and artery flow , the inner fistula flow and the dialysis flow increase. The inner venous diameter has no significant impact on the inner fistula flow.

Objective To describe and examine the clinical characteristics and spectrum of tufted angiomas (TA) in infants so as to explore the therapeutic approaches to Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP).Methods The clinical and follow-up data of 24 patients with TA were retrospectively analyzed between Jan.2009 and Mar.2013.The median age of the patients was 7.5 months(ranged from 18 days to 2 years),including l0 male and 14 female.Surgical excision and observation were chosen according to the lesion and conditions of the patients.The mean follow-up period was 3.6 years (1.2 to 5.4 years).The changes in the patients' s condition were established by evaluating platelet counts,and the size of lesion.Results Common clinical features included dusky red or violaceous infiltrating cutaneous lesion,thrombocytopenia,pain or decreased function and hyperhidrosis or hypertrichosis.The following 3 clinical patterns of TA progress were described:spontaneous complete or partial regression (n =2,8.3％),TA without complications and persistence over the years(n =9,37.5％),and TA complicated by KMP(n =13,54.2％).The average interval of development of KMP for delayed cases was 45.2 days(ranged 0 d to 4 months).Each of the 13 patients who developed KMP subsequent to initial presentation was symptomatic at the time KMP was detected(enlarged lesion,n =8;increased lesion firmness with change in cutaneous stain,n =3 ;and respiratory distress,n =2).All of 13 patients were cured by surgery.Complete surgical resections were performed on 10 cases.The thrombocyte count was back to normal within 1-3 days post operation,and hemoglobin and blood coagulation function gradually returned to normal within 1 to 2 weeks.Other 3 cases received major resection surgery.The number of platelets in the patients were unstable,but significantly higher than that of preoperational stage.The platelet count remained above 60 × 109/L.The residue lesions in 2 cases disappeared gradually after the operation and medication were given within 3-6 months.And the other case died of multiple organ failure post-operation.Conclusions Surgical intervention can be applied to TA that severely makes damage to children's appearance or looks or may be complicated with KMP or functional abnormality.A closely monitored policy seems appropriate for the early small tumor without severe complications.And it is necessary to monitor the number of the platelet regularly and find the KMP by as early as possible.TA associated with KMP is vitol to infants.And surgical therapy after clear diagnosis should be done as early as possible.The surgical therapy is a reliable management with higher curative rate,short disease period and minimal side-effect.