0.05) found between the three subtypes of osteosarcoma with rates of the A deletion being 30% (3/10), 40% (2/5), and 40% (2/5) in three subtypes, respectively. The T16519C mutation and the A deletion in the nucleotide position 16 132 (5′ end) were co-detected in 4 (20%) out of 20 samples. The levels of the two mutations in patients with osteosarcoma were significantly higher than those in healthy human. Conclusion The two mutations have high rates in osteosarcoma and may play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of osteosarcoma.

Objective To investigate the pathological feathers,diagnosis,differential diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal granular cell tumor. Methods The data of seven patients of esophageal granular cell tumor diagnosed from 2008 to 2014 in our hospital were analyzed. Seven cases of esophageal granular cell tumor were studied by hematoxylin-eosin and EliVision immunohistochemical staining,the clinical and pathological feathers were analyzed with review of the literatures. Results The pathological feathers of seven cases were very typical. The tumors located in the submucosa,and showed gray to grayish yellow,nodular,with no capsule. The size of these tumors ranged from 0. 4 ~1. 0 cm in diameter. Microscopically,the tumor cells were round,polygonal or spindle with small central nuclei and rich eosinophilic granules cytoplasm,the nucleolus could not be easily seen. Immunohistochemical stain showed that the tumor cells were positive for S-100,CD68 and NSE,but negative for SMA,Desmin,CK,CD34,CD117,DOG1,HMB45. The proportion of Ki-67 positive cells was very low. Histochemical stain showed that the tumor cells were positive for PAS. All 7 cases were benign,and the follow-up time was from 8 months to 6 years without recurrence in patients. Conclusion Granular cell tumor of esophagus is very rare in soft tissue tumors,most of which are benign and located in the middle and lower segment of esophagus. The tumor has a better prognosis. The definite diagnosis should depend on the pathological di-agnosis.

The pathological changes of rayocardial infarction induced by liga-tion of a coronary artery were studied under optical and electron microscopy and with enzymohistochemistry,calcium histochemistry,and determination of serum and myocardium homogenate MDA levels in a period of 2 months.The main findings were characterized by early myocardial necrosis and late repair.The ultrastructural changes occurred earlier and involved almost all the.orga-nells,The late repair was mainly incomplete regeneration with the findings of a few regenerated myocardial cells and an"interjunction-like"structure of fibre-blasts.The products of enzymatic reactions decreased rapidly after ligation,which suggests the disturbance of energy metabolism.MDA level of the myocardial homogenate increased in the first 24 hours after liagtion,which implies that myocardial ischemia actually increases lipid oxidation induced by oxygen free radicals and it might be one of the factors for the irreversibility of ischemic myocardial damage.

Objective To investigate the expression of integrin ?_(1) in human osteosarcoma_()and its relationship to prognosis.Methods The expression of integrin ?_(1)was measured by immunohistochemistry and its relationship to prognosis was analyzed statistically.Results Twenty-five of 34 osteosarcoma specimens were found positive staining of integrin ?_(1)(73.5%).The expression levels of integrin ?_(1)was not related to Dahlin classification of osteosarcoma,age and sex,but significantly increased in the osteoblast type and was related to poor survival.Conclusion Integrin ?_(1) can serve as a new biological indicator for the prognosis in osteosarcoma.

Purpose To analyze the clinical and pathological features of intracranial tumor in children. Methods 221 cases of in-tracranial tumors in children ( ages≤18 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Results The cases of intracranial tumor in children ac-counted for 7. 21% of total cases in our hospital during the same period. There is no documented gender bias. There were only 14 cases (6. 33%) with age less than 3 years old. The supratentorial tumors were 153 cases (69. 23%) and infratentorial tumors were 68 cases (30. 77%) . The most frequently affected sites were the cerebral hemispherse, sellar region, vermis and the fourth ventricle. There were 89 benign tumor and 132 malignant tumor in this series of cases. The most common five tumors were astrocytic tumors (30. 32%), embryonal tumors (19. 00%), craniopharyngiomas (11. 76%), ependymal tumors (8. 14%) and germ cell tumors (5. 88%). Conclusion The morbidity of intracranial tumors in children has increased in the recent years. The histological classifica-tion of intracranial tumors in children is multiple and it is essential to make a correct diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the expressions and significance of PAX-5, OCT-2 and BOB.1 in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of CD30, CD15, PAX-5, OCT-2, BOB.1, CD20 and CD3 in 44 samples of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of HL. The histological classification was carried out according to the WHO classification for tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues (2001). Results In all 44 cases, 3 (6.8) were nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) and 41 (93.2) were classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). In Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg cells, CD30 were expressed in 36 samples (81.8), CD15 in 27 (61.4), CD20 in 14 (31.8), PAX-5 in 43 (97.7), OCT-2 in 14 (31.8), and BOB.1 in 7 (15.9). All samples of NLPHL expressed OCT-2 and BOB.1, while in the samples of CHL, 30 samples (73.2) expressed both OCT-2 and BOB.1, 7 (17.1) expressed only OCT-2, 1 (2.4) expressed only BOB.1 and all were negative for CD30. Conclusion Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare neoplasm with uncertain cause and difficult to diagnose. The detection of PAX-5, OCT-2 , BOB.1 in combination with CD30, CD15 will conduce to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma.

0.05). In hFOB, the expression of P53 was not detected, and that of P63 was weakly positive. The expression of P53 and P63 in HOS transformed by niekel sulfate were higher than that in normal HOS (P

Objective To explore the pathogenesis-related imprinted genes in osteosarcoma and investigate the role of imprinted genes expression in osteosarcoma pathogenesis.Methods The model of malignant transformed immortalized human osteoblastic cells was established and the malignant transformed cells were collected on day 40,55,70,90.The untreated cells passaged from the normal cells on day 90 served as control.After the total RNA extraction,the finally synthesized biotinylated cDNAs were hybridized to CapitalBio Genechip CAP-F0017.2 of the differentially expressed genes.Two genes were chosen at random to further confirm the array results using the SYBR Green real-time PCR in samples of control,day 40 and day 90. Results By an entrance limit of ≥2.0 or ≤0.5,ten imprinted genes which biological functions are mainly related with cell growth/maintenance and signaling transduction were detectable for notablely differential expression,including down-regulated genes of CD81,GRB10,NDN,MEST and up-regulated genes of H19,MKRN3,SLC22A1L,TSSC3,CDKN1C in the malignant transformation of immortalized human osteoblastic cells.The array results were further confirmed by the real-time RT-PCR.Conclusion Ten imprinted genes were detectable for notablely differential expression.Our results will promote our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of imprinted genes in the course of osteosarcoma pathogenesis.

Objective To study the transformation of myosin isoforms and the effect of verapamil on the transformation after burn. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided in four groups: the burn group(BG, inflicted with 30% TBS third degree burn), the verapamil group(VG), the fluid replacement group(RG) and the control group(CG). The transformation of myosin was observed by SDS PAGE. Results The transformation of myosin from V1 to V3 in three experimental groups was found at the 12 th hour(at 24 th hour in verapamil group)after burn, which was significantly different from that in the control group( P 0.05). Conclusion Burn can induce the transformation of myocardial contractile protein myosin isoforms from V1 to V3, which can be partially prevented by verapamil.

Objective To explore the expressions of CD44, CD44V3, CD44V6 and PCNA and the relationship between the expressions and clinical pathologic changes of human osteosarcoma Methods The expressions of CD44, CD44V3, CD44V6 and PCNA in 15 osteochondromas and 40 osteosarcomas were detected immunohistochemically Results (1) The positive expression rates of CD44, CD44V3 and CD44V6 in osteosarcoma were markedly higher than those in osteochondroma (2) The positive expression rate of CD44V6 was higher than those of CD44 and CD44V3 in osteochondroma (3) The expression of CD44V6 was not involved in the pathological type or the prognosis in osteochondroma (4) The expressions of CD44 and CD44V6, particularly that of CD44V6, were closely involved in the PCNA positive rate Conclusion CD44V6 might act as a marker of malignancy of the bone tumors, but the relationship with the prognosis in malignant bone tumors waits to be further studied