Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is a powerful high-throughput experimental technique that allows rapid, quantitative analysis of global gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. A short sequence taq (10~14 bp),which is defined by an anchoring enzyme site at a fixed distance from polyA tail, contains sufficient information to iden-tify mRNA transcript from which it originates. The taqs are ligated to obtain concatemers that are cloned into a plasmid vector for sequencing. The identification and abundance of mRNA can be observed through bioinformatics and statistical analysis of a given tag. SAGE is not only applied in obtaining global profile of gene expression in a given cell or tissue, but also help identify a set of specific genes to the cellular conditions by comparing the profiles constructed for a pair of cells that are kept at different conditions. This review covers a general introduction of SAGE, its protocol, meth-odological evolution and applications in parasite biology.

Objective To investigate the effect of psychological intervention combined with gliclazide and sitagliptin on the treatment of poorly obese obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods 96 obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had poor control of blood glucose after insulin treatment were randomly divided into control group and experimental group,48 cases in each groups. Gliclazide and sitagliptin (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), 2h postprandial blood glucose (2hPG), fasting insulin (FIns) were measured before and after 15 weeks of treatment in the control group. situation. Results FBG, HbA1c, 2hPG and FIns were significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of gliclazide and sitagliptin on the treatment of poorly obese type 2 diabetes mellitus with insulin treatment can significantly reduce the blood glucose level of patients and promote it.

The quality control for undergraduate teaching is an essential factor for a university toward the success;therefore uni-versities put the control as first priority among other conventional works.This study is trying to elucidate the most important com-ponents in the quality control system from different points of view including human sources and educational process.Some suc-cessful planning and practice on the quality control in our university in past decade has been summarized and discussed in this study.

Objective To analyze the assets and liabilities of secondary public hospitals of Wuhan city in Hubei province ,in order to provide references to control the debt scale of such hospitals .Methods Twenty‐one public secondary public hospitals of Wuhan city were analyzed using official statistics on their asset and liabilities from 2012-2014 .Results Such a timeframe witnessed a year‐on‐year growth of both total assets and liabilities of these hospitals ,yet the growth rate of total assets(35.15% ) falls behind that of total liabilities (53.62% )significantly ;significantly slower growth rate of non‐current assets since 2013 ;higher current liabilities than long‐term liabilities on yearly basis ;year‐on‐year grow th of liquidity rate and quick ratio in general ;significant rise of debt‐to‐assets ratio .Conclusions The overall debt scale of such hospitals keeps growing ,a trend deserving actions and correction .

As an important part of the hierarchical medical system in China ,urban secondary hospitals play as a pivot between tertiary hospitals and community healthcare centers.By describing the overall development status of such hospitals in China ,the paper discussed the problems existing in the development of urban secondary hospitals and put forward strategies in the hope of providing reference for the transformation of these hospitals .

Objective To explore the reasons and preventive measures of early dislocation after total hip arthroplasty in elder patients. Method A retrospective study was done to analyze dislocation time, reason and time of 168 elderly patients with early anti-dislocation after total hip arthroplasty in joint surgery. Results Only 7 patients (4.1%) had type I joint dislocation, including 2 male and 5 female patients aged 65~89 years. The dislocation happened in 4~5 weeks postoperatively, mainly resulting from hip joint over flexion when urinating in bed, sleep-turning, loaded-moving, walking and stoop and diachoresis. Conclusions For the elderly patients after total hip replacement, it is type I dislocation which happened 4 ~ 5 weeks after operation, more femal than male, reasons including over-exercrse. Effective prevention measures includes regular rehabilitation training, early precautions enhanced mental support and safety nursing.

Hot-melt extrusion was applied to prepare mesoporous silica/ethylcellulose mini-matrix for sustained release, and fenofibrate was used as a model drug, ethylcellulose and xanthan gum were chosen as sustained-release agent and releasing moderator, respectively. This novel matrix obtained the controlled release ability by combining mesoporous silica drug delivery system and hot-melt extrusion technology. And mesoporous silica particle (SBA-15) was chosen as drug carrier to increase the dissolution rate of fenofibrate in this martix. Scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, small angle X-ray powder diffraction and N2 adsorption-desorption were introduced to determine the particle morphology, particle size and pore structure of the synthesized SBA-15. The results showed that SBA-15 had a very high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface area, a narrow pore size distribution, large pore volume and a ordered two-dimensional hexagonal structure of p6mm symmetry. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction results demonstrated that fenofibrate dispersed in an amorphous state inside the pores of the mesoporous silica which contributed to the improvement in the dissolution rate. The drug release of mini-matrices was influenced by ethylcellulose viscosity grades and xanthan gum concentration, which increased with the increasing of xanthan gum concentration and decreasing of ethylcellulose viscosity. Mini-matrix containing 22% xanthan gum exhibited a good sustained release performance, and the drug release behavior followed the first-order kinetics.

Objective To explore characteristics of sleep structure and the correlation with cognitive function in cerebral infarction combined with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (CI-OSAHS).Methods The patients with CI-OSAHS and OSAHS in Department of Neurology and Breathing Sleep Monitoring Room of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from December 2009 till March 2011 were collected All the patients completed polysomography(PSG).Sixty patients were selected and divided into 3 groups based on PSG.These 3 groups were combined group 20 persons (CI-OSAHS),OSAHS group 20persons (OSAHS) and control group 20 persons (without cerebral infarction obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome).All the patients completed image examinations ( CT and MRI ) evaluation of the cognitive function by Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA).Results Sleep structure:the awake time,non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) 1,NREM 2 and NREM periods in combined group and OSAHS group were significantly longer,the NREM3 + 4 and rapid eye movement(REM) periods were shorter than the control group.The NREM and NREM 1 periods in combined group were longer,the NREM 3 +4 and REM periods were shorter than the OSAHS group.The correlation analysis of cognitive function and breathing disorders and low oxygen related index:there was negative correlation between the total scores of cognitive function (MMSE and MoCA)and apnea hyponea index,oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ( MMSE r =-0.450,-0.671,MoCA r =-0.486,- 0.494,all P ＜0.05) while,was positive correlation between them and noctumal average hypoxemia and minimum hypoxemia ( MMSE r =0.477,0.485,MoCA r =0.507,0.482,all P ＜0.05) in the OSAHS group.There was negative correlation between ODI,arousal index and the total scores of MoCA in the combined group (MoCA r=-0.463,0.480,both P＜0.05),there was correlation between the total scores of MMSE and the other sleep parameters,but,there was no difference in statistics.The correlation analysis of cognitive function and sleep stages:There was positive correlation between the total scores of cognitive function ( MMSE and MoCA) and the NREM 3 + 4 periods ( r =0.521,0.474,both P ＜ 0.05 ) while,there was negative correlation between the total scores of MMSE and the N REM 1 + 2 periods (r =-0.458,P ＜ 0.05 )in the OSAHS group.There was positive correlation between the REM period and the total scores of MoCA (r =0.472,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was correlation between the total scores of MMSE and the sleep structure,but,there was no difference in statistics in combined group.Conclusions Patients with OSAHS have obvious sleep structure disorder.The awake time and light sleep periods are significantly longer than the control group,while,the deep sleep and REM periods are significantly shorter than the control group.The NREM 1 of the patients with CI-OSAHS is longer than the patients with OSAHS.The higher the AHI,the lower the night blood oxygen,the more obvious cognitive dysfunction The longer the awake time,the longer the light sleep,the shorter the deep sleep and REM periods,the more serious cognitive dysfunction.The correlation between the cognitive impairment and low oxygen is more apparent than sleep structure.There is apparent correlation among the total scores of MoCA,the degree of hypoxia and sleep structure in the patients with CI-OSAHS.The total scores of MoCA are more sensitivity than MMSE in mild vascular cognitive impairment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impacts of neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation on spinal pathology and ultrastructure after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats and probe into the protective role of tacrolimus (FK506) on neural regeneration.MethodsCompressive SCI at T8 was induced in the adult SD rats,which were randomly assigned to the control group,FK506 group,NSCs group and NSCs + FK506 group.The differences of neural regeneration in each group were compared at days 7,14,28 and 56 after injury by motor evoked potentials ( MEP),HE staining,immunohistochemical staining,ultrastructure observation and image analysis of the myelinated fiber. ResultsThe MEP latency in the NSCs + FK506 group was significantly shorter than that in other groups at day 28 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).HE staining revealed that only local necrosis presented in the NSCs + FK506 group at day 56.More BrdU and NF-200 positive cells were detected with immunohistochemical staining in the other three groups as compared with the control group.Moreover,the positive cells in the NSCs + FK506 group also outnumbered the FK506 group and NSCs group.Electron microscope scan showed edema under the membrane of large myelin sheath in the control group,and classic new myelin sheath and neuraxis in the NSCs + FK506 group at day 56.The regeneration of the nerve fiber in the NSCs + FK506 group was better than that of other three groups (P ＜0.01 ).ConclusionAfter NSCs transplantation for SCI rats,the early combination use of FK506 can improve the pathology and ultrastructure of the regenerative nerve fiber and is conducive to nerve regeneration.

Objective To observe the effect of tacrolimus(FK506)in promoting repair of the injured spinal cord pathway after neural stem cell transplantation in rats. Methods A neurysm clip was used to compress the T8 spinal cord segment of SD rats under microscope to establish model of spinal cord injury.The rats were randomly divided into three groups seven days after injury,ie,control group (injection of normal saline at the injury center),transplantation group(injection of neural stem cells,NSCs,at the injury center),FK506 group(injection of NSCs at the injury center plus 7 days of intrapernerve conduction was compared by using the Basso-Beatfle-Bresnahan (BBB) scale,BDA tracing,somatosensory evoked potential(SEP)and motor evoked potentials(MEP)monitoring at 1,2,4 and 8weeks. Results The motor function of the hind limb after injury was recovered in various degrees with time,with the most significant recovery at 4 weeks.The BBB score reached 6,the maximum at 8 weeks.BDA tracing showed that some nerve fibers were found crossing the injured center of the spinal cord one week later in FK506 group and cell transplantation group,that BDA-positive labeled corticospinal tract fibets were seen across the injury site in all groups by the end ofthe eight weeks.In the FKS06 group,the regeneration could be observed even as 1.7 cm away from tlle injury center.SEP latency was significantly shorter in the FK506 group after two weeks(P<0.05)and the MEP latency in the FK506 group was shortened significantly at four weeks compared with the other groups(P<0.05),indicating that the immunosuppressants could promote the recovery of the injured spihal cord,shorten the latency of SEP and MEP，improve SEP at early stage and MEP at late stage．Conclusions Systemic application immuno suppressive agents FK506 plays an important role in neuroprotection and neurotrophy，which promotes the repair of the injured spinal cord after neural stem cell transplantation．