Objective:To evaluate the ability of the cooperative protection of the Strep to coccus pneumoniae multivalent DNA vaccine containing lytA gene(N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase,LytA)and pspA'gene(N fragment of pneumococcal surface protein A,PspA)against intraperitoneal Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 infection.Methods The genomic DNA of the standard Streptococcus pneumoniae strain D39 was isolated.LytA gene fragment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+),which was transfected into BHK-21 cells using Lipofectamine TM2000,and then the expression of LytA protein was detected with Western-blot.Furthermore,three formats of recombinant plasmid DNA vaccines(pcDNA3.1-LytA+pcDNA3.1-PspA',pcDNA3.1-PspA',pcDNA3.1-LytA)were used to inject intramuscularly BALB/c mice,with pcDNA3.1(+)plasmid and PBS as controls.The levels of antibodies against PspA'and LytA proteins were checked.Live times of intraperitoneal infection mice by Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 in BALB/c models were analysis.Results:The three DNA vaccines all producted high levels serum special IgG antibodies.The anti-LytA antibodies level elicited by the DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1-LytA + pcDNA3.1-PspA'was higher than the DNA vaccine pcDNA3.1-LytA(P0.05).The result of the effect on intraperitoneal infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae D39 in BALB/c mice models showed the median live times in pcDNA3.1-LytA + pcDNA3.1-PspA'group was longer than pcDNA3.1-LytA group and the control groups(P0.05).Conclusion:The multivalent DNA vaccine of Streptococcus pneumoniae containing LytA gene and pspA gene had no the higher performance protection than the DNA vaccine only containing pspA gene against Streptococcus pneumoniae.It is should be further evaluated that LytA gene is concluded as the one of advantages candidate antigens of the Streptococcus pneumoniae multivalent DNA vaccine.

Staphylococcus epidermidis has the ability to adhere to the surface of shunt tube and to develop the biofilm .It can embed itself in the biofilm so as to escape from the defense of the host .Due to the presence of biofilms , antimicrobial drug resistance , blood brain barrier of central nervous system , the treatment of shunt-related infection caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis is very difficult.This paper reviews the risk factors , prevalence , pathogenesis , treatment and prevention of ventriculoperitoneal shunt-related infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Food allergy is a common illness in children,which is divided into IgE-mediated,non-IgE mediated and mixed-mediated food allergy.Gastrointestinal tract is the mainly affected organ,mostly mediated by non-IgE mechanism.Gastrointestinal food allergy are lack of unified diagnostic criteria currently,whose mechanism is also elusive.Moreover,the double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge is the gold standard for the diagnosis of food allergy.This review focuses on the procedure for the oral food challenge and its application in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal food allergy.

A considerable proportion of patients with non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) require postoperative adjuvant therapy,postoperative radiotherapy is an important part of the treatment,this article review the role and value of postoperative radiotherapy for NSCLC patients in recent years.

Objective To evaluate the risk factors for healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in patients in depart-ment of cardiology.Methods Clinical data of inpatients were performed retrospective case-control analysis,patients with HAI were as case group,while without HAI were as control group,factors for HAI between two groups were compared.Results 117 cases of HAI occurred among 2 308 patients,infection rate was 5.07%.The main infection site was respiratory tract (n=71 ,60.68%);a total of 90 pathogenic isolates were isolated,gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria,and fungi accounted for 72.22%(n=65),22.22%(n=20),and 5.56%(n=5)respective-ly.Univariate analysis revealed that 7 variables were risk factors for HAI,multivariate non-conditional logistic re-gression analysis revealed that independent risk factors for HAI were age,cardiac function classification,serum al-bumin level,and invasive operation.Conclusion HAI rate is higher among cardiology inpatients,which is related to many factors.Attention should be paid to the elderly,long term hospitalization,heart failure correcting,treatment for complications,reducing of invasive procedure,and strict sterile manipulation.

Thoracic radiotherapy is an important means of local treatment for non -small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs)have the effect of systemic therapy.Studies have shown that NSCLC patients with EGFR exons 19,21 mutation have a synergistic effect in the combination therapy .Radiotherapy activates EGFR signaling pathway ,inducing cell proliferation and DNA damage repair,leading to radiation resistance .Therefore,EGFR-TKIs have the effect in increasing radiosensitivity .Lung injury is one of the most common side effects when the two therapies combined .Studies suggest that radiotherapy combined with EGFR-TKIs may have conflicting functions in the development of pulmonary fibrosis ,the discrep-ancy between these studies may depend on the differences in the experimental systems ,the differences in pulmo-nary fibrosis models,as well as the differences between different species and individuals .Therefore,a more com-plete understanding of the etiology for pulmonary fibrosis is necessary to the development of improved treatments .

Objectives To compare the difference of ERG11 partial promoter sequence(-440 ～ -1)between yeast-form and hypha-form of Candida albicans, and the relation between the mutation of ERG11 promoter and the susceptibility of C. albicans to fluconazole. Methods Yeast-form and hypha-form of C. albicans genome DNA were extracted from 4 substrains C. albicans, which were isolated from a single HIV-sero-positive patient. Partial ERG11 promoters of yeast-form and hypha-form of these 4 substrains were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR products were sequenced. Results There was no sequence difference between the yeast-form and the hypha-form of C. albicans in this region. Heterogeneities at position -365, -353, -328, -310, -308, -299, -295, -293, -292, 290, -289 and a single base deletion (-284 delT) were found on one allele of ERG11 promoter region of fluconazole-susceptible substrains. No heterogeneities were observed in dose-dependent fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant substrains. Conclusions There is no difference of ERG11 partial promoter sequence between the yeast-form and the hypha-form C. albicans. The mutation of ERG11 promoter may be associated with the resistance of C. albicans to fluconazole.

[Objective] Establish The Measure Table of Emotion Evaluation of Female Experiment Macaque, evaluate types of emotions of the female experiment macaque, provide the criterion of quantization evaluation for the emotion disease.[Methods] To collect and analyse the expression and action of macaque by observation, to establish The Screening Table of expression, action and emotion for the female experiment macaque; to set up the Mathematics Model by none-condition logistic regression, to provide explanation for establishing the Measure Table of Emotion Evaluation of Female Experiment Macaque; to set up The Measure Table of Emotion Evaluation of Female Experiment Macaque; to check up the stability and consistence of the measure table by test-retest and Split-Half means; to check up the stability of the criterion of validity by equivalence means; to evaluate the validity by criterion-related means.[Results] The Test-Retest Reliability of the indignation, depression, and enjoyment emotion is higher than the other, the Split-half Reliability of the indignation and depression emotion is higher than the others; the stability of the validity Criterion of all emotion is higher except for the anxiety emotion. The emotion integral can reflect all the emotion change; The Criterion-related Validity of the indignation, depression, friendliness and sex emotion is higher than the others. [Conclusion] Although the validity of the Measure Table is lower in anxiety emotion measuring, the interior consistence is not very good in friendliness and enjoyment emotions; the validity and stability about the other primary emotions reach the criterion of the Measure Table.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cefepime in the treatment of serious community acquired lower respiratory infection. Methods Eighty-six patients of serious community acquired lower respiratory infection were randomized into the experimental group (n=44) receiving cefepime (2 g, intravenous infusion, twice a day) for 7-14 d and the control group (n=42) receiving cefotaxime (3 g, intravenous infusion, three times a day) for 7-14 d. Results There were no statistical differences of age, severity of the disease, original diseases, or distribution of pathogens between the two groups. In the experimental group, cefepime had a good therapeutic efficacy against not only the gram-negative bacteria infection and the gram-positive bacteria infection, but also other cephalosporin-resistant bacteria infection. Its cure rate was 86.4%, and effective rate 93.2%. In the control group, cefotaxime had a less therapeutic efficacy against the infection caused by some resistant strains of the gram-negative bacteria and the gram-positive bacteria. Its cure rate was 64.3%, and effective rate 76.2%. Conclusion The antibacterial activity of cefepime is stronger than that of cefotaxime. So cefepime is an effective and safe antibiotic, and suggested to use in the empirical treatment for serious community acquired lower respiratory infection.

Venous thrombotic disease is a serious disease,which impact on health and life-threatening.Pulmonary embolism and deep-vein thrombosis are the two components of a single disease called venous thromboembolism in obstetrics and gynecology.but it can be difficult to diagnose because clinical symptoms and signs are non-specific or absent in early venous thrombus embolism (VTE).It has great value that how to use the most economic,simple,efficient method for screened high-risk groups,timely and accurate laboratory diagnosis of VTE.