Mandibular teeth and sustentacular tissues extracted from a healthy adult were treated using CT scanning to obtain two-dimensional image, and then a three-dimensional image was established using computer reconstruction technique. Simultaneously, a three-dimensional finite element model of rigid fixed bridge was established in abutments with mandibular 56 deletion. A fixing load of 100 N was vertically and horizontally loaded on the middle site of bridge, and the abutments were grouped according to the proportion of alveolar bone absorption of 5% sub-interval to analyze the effects of 0 50% alveolar bone absorption on stress distribution of rigid fixed bridge. When the alveolar bone absorption was zero or less than 10%, the stress of rigid fixed bridge was evenly distributed on abutments with the vertical load of 4 7 MPa and horizontal load of 6 9 MPa; when the alveolar bone absorption was greater than 10%, the stress of rigid fixed bridge was concentrated on the abutments with the vertical load of 9-16 MPa and horizontal load of 14-23 MPa. This suggested hthat alveolar bone absorption had great effect on stress distribution of rigid fixed bridge in abutments with mandibular 56 deletion, namely a little absorption would cause the changes of stress distribution.

Objective:To explore a method of high successful rate to establish the rabbit VX2 carcinoma model, and monitor the tumor with ultrasound technique.Methods:Tumor block transplanting method was used to make the rabbit VX2 carcinoma model,and verify the tumor in rabbit′s liver with pathological section.Ultrasound technique was applied to detect liver echo, size and echo of tumor,generation and changing of blood vessels in tumor and to find out the characters of the rabbit VX2 carcinoma.Results:The rabbit VX2 carcinoma model was made successfully with tumor block transplanting method, and the success rate was 100%.The ultrasound technique could measure the size of tumor exactly, and it could monitor the changes of the echo and tumor blood vessels in carcinoma exactly at the right time.Conclusion:Tumor block transplanting method is a simple method to make rabbit VX2 carcinoma model with high successful rate. The ultrasound technique is an accurate、convenient and non-invasive method to monitor the carcinoma and blood vessels in tumor.The results provide experimental evidence in evaluating the efficacy of new techniques and therapeutics for liver carcinoma.

0.05)Conclusion There are some free cancer cells in the prepheral blood of some patients with gastric cancer before operation. Pulling and stimulating tumor in the operation may increase cancer cell dissemination.Simple ligation of peripheral veins around stomach could not completely prevent cancer cell dissemination in the peripheral blood.

After being restored, 69 cases of the two-implant-supported crowns were followed up for 5 years. Except 1 case failed after restored 5 years due to peri-implantitis, and there were no complications which can not be controlled in the other cases. The success rate of implant restoration in 5 years is 98.6%. The two-implant-supported single crown for molar is an effective method to restore the long gap of a single molar-loss.

This article reviewed many different opinions on teeth-marked tongue, and made a discuss on the differentiation of symptoms and signs based on clinical practice. We consider that the teeth-marked tongue indicates the diseases that are caused by pathogenic dampness, while the correlation between such diseases and spleen deficiency still needs study.

Objective To investigate the correlation between stenosis or occlusion of vertebralbasilar artery and the location of infarctions in pontine. Methods All 139 patients with acute pontine infarction who were admitted to the Department of Neurology,Xuanwu Hospital,Beijing,during February,2005 and September,2007 were studied. All patients received the examinations of head MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Patients with possible cardiac embolism were excluded from the study. All the cases were then divided into four groups: A( paracentral artery group); B (short rotary artery group); C (long rotary artery group) and D (combined group). Results In all 139 cases,78 cases (56. 1% ) were in A group,3 (2. 2% ) in B group,7 (5.0%) in C group and 51 (36.7%) in D group. Fifty-six cases (40. 3% ) have occlusion in vertebral artery,60 cases (43.2%) have stenosis of vertebral artery. Cases having stenosis or occlusion in basilar artery are 14 cases (10. 1% ) each. Sixteen cases (11.5%) have unimpaired vertebral-basilar artery. A group is related to occlusion of vertebral artery and basilar artery and unimpaired artery ( x2 =3. 945,6. 824,4. 485 ,P = 0. 043,0. 021,0. 041 respectively). D group is related to occlusion of basilar artery ( x2 = 10. 952,P = 0. 006). Logistic binary analysis found that A group is more related with occlusion of vertebral artery ( OR = 2. 261 ),while D group is more related to occlusion of basilar artery ( OR = 15. 750). Conclusions There is a significant correlation between stenosis or occlusion of vertebral-basilar artery and the locations of infarctions in pontine. The physicians are suggested to perform the examinations on cerebral vessels such as brain MRI or DSA in patients with infarctions in pontine.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the progress of the study on guilt in psychology and to evaluate its theoretical implications.DATA SOURCE: Search on computer for the related literature on Hoffman and guilt, empathy moral published from January 1980 to December 2003 using psychological database, the key words being "Hoffman, guilt,empathy, moral" restricting the language of the articles to English.STUDY SELECTION: Among the retrieved articles, choose Hoffman's works and articles, and articles by other psychologists whose works touch on articles on Hoffman guilt or virtual guilt study and exclude articles about repeated research.DATA EXTRACTION: Mter refining the selected articles focusing on guilt and virtual guilt, 9 works and articles on Hoffman's study on virtual guilt were gathered.DATA SYNTHESIS: The 9 works include 1 general statement and 8 treatises of which I treatise explains the implication and categorization of virtual guilt, 1 general statement and 3 treatises explain the mechanics that result in virtual guilt, 5 treatises analyze factors that affect virtual guilt,and 1 treatise evaluates the Hoffman's works, theoretical significance.CONCLUSION: Hoffman's theory believes that virtual guilt is that people self-incriminate due to the guilt they feel as if they committed wrongdoing or indirectly hurt others although they in fact have not done anything hurtful or their deeds have not violated publicly held social moral disciplines. Virtual guilt is divided into four categories: relationship guilt,responsibility guilt, developmental guilt and survivor guilt. He also believes that virtual guilt is produced through the combination of empathetic grief and cognitive ascription, mainly affected by previous experience, empathyrelated capacity, level of morality and degree of relationship. Hoffman's study of virtual guilt not only expands the field of guilt study and enriches the content of guilt study but also reveals from a new angle the self-adaptive and self-educational role that moral sentiments play in individual moral development.

Brain metastases is a common cause of advanced tumors teeatment failure,and radiotherapy is one of the main treatment modalities.With the development of radiotherapy techniques,the survival and quality of life of patients with brain metastases have been significantly improved.Whole brain radiotherapy,stereotactic radiotherapy as well as the combination are the main treatment options,but the best fraction size,the most optional time and suitable patients need to be further investigated.Novel radiotherapy techniques such as simultaneous integrated boost have been a research hotspot.

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is increasing year by year all over the world.Hepatoma has become one of the main causes of cancer-related death.For many years,studies found the chronic hepatitis B virus infection is the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma,and antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus could obviously reduce the incidence of hepatoma and prevent recurrence after hepatectomy.Making appropriate risk estimation in patients with chronic hepatitis B and providing patients with high risk the effective medical intervention can help to prevent the occurrence and delay the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Anthranilic acid in the leaves of Isatidis indigotica Fort. was determined by first orderderivative UV spectrophotometry. The average recovery was 96.66％ and the coefficient of deviation was1.09％. The method showed no significant difference as compared with high performance capillary elec-trophoresis at 95％ confidence level. The method is simple, rapid and accurate.