Mandibular teeth and sustentacular tissues extracted from a healthy adult were treated using CT scanning to obtain two-dimensional image, and then a three-dimensional image was established using computer reconstruction technique. Simultaneously, a three-dimensional finite element model of rigid fixed bridge was established in abutments with mandibular 56 deletion. A fixing load of 100 N was vertically and horizontally loaded on the middle site of bridge, and the abutments were grouped according to the proportion of alveolar bone absorption of 5% sub-interval to analyze the effects of 0 50% alveolar bone absorption on stress distribution of rigid fixed bridge. When the alveolar bone absorption was zero or less than 10%, the stress of rigid fixed bridge was evenly distributed on abutments with the vertical load of 4 7 MPa and horizontal load of 6 9 MPa; when the alveolar bone absorption was greater than 10%, the stress of rigid fixed bridge was concentrated on the abutments with the vertical load of 9-16 MPa and horizontal load of 14-23 MPa. This suggested hthat alveolar bone absorption had great effect on stress distribution of rigid fixed bridge in abutments with mandibular 56 deletion, namely a little absorption would cause the changes of stress distribution.

Objective:To explore a method of high successful rate to establish the rabbit VX2 carcinoma model, and monitor the tumor with ultrasound technique.Methods:Tumor block transplanting method was used to make the rabbit VX2 carcinoma model,and verify the tumor in rabbit′s liver with pathological section.Ultrasound technique was applied to detect liver echo, size and echo of tumor,generation and changing of blood vessels in tumor and to find out the characters of the rabbit VX2 carcinoma.Results:The rabbit VX2 carcinoma model was made successfully with tumor block transplanting method, and the success rate was 100%.The ultrasound technique could measure the size of tumor exactly, and it could monitor the changes of the echo and tumor blood vessels in carcinoma exactly at the right time.Conclusion:Tumor block transplanting method is a simple method to make rabbit VX2 carcinoma model with high successful rate. The ultrasound technique is an accurate、convenient and non-invasive method to monitor the carcinoma and blood vessels in tumor.The results provide experimental evidence in evaluating the efficacy of new techniques and therapeutics for liver carcinoma.

0.05)Conclusion There are some free cancer cells in the prepheral blood of some patients with gastric cancer before operation. Pulling and stimulating tumor in the operation may increase cancer cell dissemination.Simple ligation of peripheral veins around stomach could not completely prevent cancer cell dissemination in the peripheral blood.

After being restored, 69 cases of the two-implant-supported crowns were followed up for 5 years. Except 1 case failed after restored 5 years due to peri-implantitis, and there were no complications which can not be controlled in the other cases. The success rate of implant restoration in 5 years is 98.6%. The two-implant-supported single crown for molar is an effective method to restore the long gap of a single molar-loss.

Brain metastases is a common cause of advanced tumors teeatment failure,and radiotherapy is one of the main treatment modalities.With the development of radiotherapy techniques,the survival and quality of life of patients with brain metastases have been significantly improved.Whole brain radiotherapy,stereotactic radiotherapy as well as the combination are the main treatment options,but the best fraction size,the most optional time and suitable patients need to be further investigated.Novel radiotherapy techniques such as simultaneous integrated boost have been a research hotspot.

Anthranilic acid in the leaves of Isatidis indigotica Fort. was determined by first orderderivative UV spectrophotometry. The average recovery was 96.66％ and the coefficient of deviation was1.09％. The method showed no significant difference as compared with high performance capillary elec-trophoresis at 95％ confidence level. The method is simple, rapid and accurate.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the progress of the study on guilt in psychology and to evaluate its theoretical implications.DATA SOURCE: Search on computer for the related literature on Hoffman and guilt, empathy moral published from January 1980 to December 2003 using psychological database, the key words being "Hoffman, guilt,empathy, moral" restricting the language of the articles to English.STUDY SELECTION: Among the retrieved articles, choose Hoffman's works and articles, and articles by other psychologists whose works touch on articles on Hoffman guilt or virtual guilt study and exclude articles about repeated research.DATA EXTRACTION: Mter refining the selected articles focusing on guilt and virtual guilt, 9 works and articles on Hoffman's study on virtual guilt were gathered.DATA SYNTHESIS: The 9 works include 1 general statement and 8 treatises of which I treatise explains the implication and categorization of virtual guilt, 1 general statement and 3 treatises explain the mechanics that result in virtual guilt, 5 treatises analyze factors that affect virtual guilt,and 1 treatise evaluates the Hoffman's works, theoretical significance.CONCLUSION: Hoffman's theory believes that virtual guilt is that people self-incriminate due to the guilt they feel as if they committed wrongdoing or indirectly hurt others although they in fact have not done anything hurtful or their deeds have not violated publicly held social moral disciplines. Virtual guilt is divided into four categories: relationship guilt,responsibility guilt, developmental guilt and survivor guilt. He also believes that virtual guilt is produced through the combination of empathetic grief and cognitive ascription, mainly affected by previous experience, empathyrelated capacity, level of morality and degree of relationship. Hoffman's study of virtual guilt not only expands the field of guilt study and enriches the content of guilt study but also reveals from a new angle the self-adaptive and self-educational role that moral sentiments play in individual moral development.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes and determine the difference of electrode impedance and neural response telemetry ( NRT) value with cochlear implants in children with malformed inner ear and normal inner ear. METHOD: Eighty-eight children with multi-channel cochlear implants participated in this study. Children were divided into malformed inner ear group and normal inner ear group. To test the electrode impedance values and NRT value. RESULT: The changes of electrode impedance showed the similar changing pattern in two groups. There was not different in electrode impedance values between the two groups (P > 0.05). The changes of electrode neural response telemetry values showed the similar changing pattern in two groups. There was significantly different in electrode impedance values between the two groups (P < 0.05). The NRT were going up higher from electrode 22 to electrode 1. CONCLUSION The values vary are different programming sessions and electrodes during the first 3 months of cochlear implant use. To acquire better hearing frequent programming sessions are necessary.
Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Cochlear Nerve ; Ear, Inner ; abnormalities ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Electric Impedance ; Electrodes ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male

Objective To research the clinical efficacy of alprostadil injection in treatment of patients with emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Eighty-five patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) were enrolled in this study,and they were randomly divided into treatment group (45 patients) and control group (40 patients).All patients were given 300 mg aspirin and 300 mg clopidogrel before operation,anti-platelet aggregation and long-term hpid regulation were given.On the basisof conventional treatment,0.9％ sodium chloride (NaCl) 100 ml and alprostadil injection 10 μ g were given in treatment group,2 times one day,a total of 14 d.After treatment for 1,6 months,the heart function and systohc function were assessed by echocardiography.High sensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP),endothehn (ET)-1 and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured with ELISA,nitric oxide (NO) was measured with chromatometry.The basic clinical characteristic,inflammatory markers and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were analyzed during in-hospital and follow-up period between two groups.Results The level of IL-6,hs-CRP,ET-1,NO in two groups had no significant difference before treatment and after treatment for 1 month (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment for 6 months,the level of IL-6,hs-CRP,ET-1,NO in treatment group had significant difference compared with that in control group [(1.04 ± 1.10) ng/L vs.(3.82 ± 1.34) ng/L,(1.5 ±1.2)mg/Lvs.(3.5 ±0.8) mg/L,(62.18 ± 20.22) ng/L vs.(85.56± 16.55) ng/L,(55.25 ± 8.25) μmol/L vs.(46.16 ±9.20) μ mol/L] (P ＜0.05).The level of left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV),left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in two groups before treatment and after treatment for 1 month had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).After treatment for 6months,the level of LVESV,LVEDV in treatment group were significandy lower than those in control group [(82.5 ± 20.6) ml vs.(90.5 ± 20.1) ml,(130.5 ± 33.8) ml vs.(144.3 ± 28.6) ml],the level of LVEF was significantly higher than that in control group [(57.8 ±6.3)％ vs.(48.5 ±6.5)％],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The mortality rate and the incidence of MACE was 7.5％ (3/40),25.0％ (10/40)in control group,which were significantly higher than those in treatment group [4.4％ (2/45),13.3％ (6/45)],there were significant differences (P ＜0.05).The incidence of heart failure in control group was 22.5％(9/40),which was significantly higher than that in treatment group [11.1％(5/45)],there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Using alprostadil injection for patients with AMI after emergency PCI can prevent left ventricular remodeling,improve left ventricular function,and can reduce the incidence of MACE.Alprostadil injection can reduce the inflammatory reaction in patients with AMI,inhibit catecholamine release,inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation,and stable plaques,reduce the incidence of MACE.

Magnetic resonance diffusion imaging contrasts by water molecule diffusion,reflecting water diffusion status.Owing to the unique mechanism,diffusion imaging is sensitive to anatomic alteration of fiber tract and becomes an important technique in the detection of diffuse axonal injury.Diffusion-weighted imaging shows DAI lesion via emphasizing diffusion composition,diffusion tensor imaging is more sensitive to diffusion anisotropy of the lesion,and fiber tractography can directly demonstrate fiber disruption.MR-diffusion imaging not only improves conspicuity of DAI,but also has grading and prognostic value.