Objective To evaluate the risk factors for healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in patients in depart-ment of cardiology.Methods Clinical data of inpatients were performed retrospective case-control analysis,patients with HAI were as case group,while without HAI were as control group,factors for HAI between two groups were compared.Results 117 cases of HAI occurred among 2 308 patients,infection rate was 5.07%.The main infection site was respiratory tract (n=71 ,60.68%);a total of 90 pathogenic isolates were isolated,gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria,and fungi accounted for 72.22%(n=65),22.22%(n=20),and 5.56%(n=5)respective-ly.Univariate analysis revealed that 7 variables were risk factors for HAI,multivariate non-conditional logistic re-gression analysis revealed that independent risk factors for HAI were age,cardiac function classification,serum al-bumin level,and invasive operation.Conclusion HAI rate is higher among cardiology inpatients,which is related to many factors.Attention should be paid to the elderly,long term hospitalization,heart failure correcting,treatment for complications,reducing of invasive procedure,and strict sterile manipulation.

This paper introduces orthopedic resident training system of America including its devel-opment, certification system, selection system, clinical training mode and investigate system. And we hope to improve orthopedic resident training of China by analyzing the new rule of Chinese standardized resident training and the training experience of Peking Union Medical College Hospital.

Recent studies have found that inflammatory response is positively associated with the progression of liver cirrhosis,acute-on-chronic liver failure,and primary liver cancer and can affect their prognosis,and as a marker for inflammatory response,neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is easy to calculate,has good repeatability,and holds promise for prognostic evaluation.This article introduces the research advances in the association of NLR with the prognosis of liver cirrhosis,acute-on-chronic liver failure,and primary liver cancer and points out that NLR plays an important role in evaluating the prognosis of liver cirrhosis,acute-on-chronic liver failure,and primary liver cancer.However,there are still controversies over the selection of optimal cut-off values for different diseases,and further studies are needed.

Objective To discussing the methods used in creating non linear developable biomechanical models of skeletal muscle.Methods One of the basic tools of the analytical approach in analytical mechanics, the principle of virtual work for deformable systems, was used to create the model. By means of method of Lagrange multipliers, the problems of constraints, such as the incompressibility of skeletal muscle, were effectively tackled. Results and Conclusion The biomechanical models of skeletal muscle has been developed. The program of this model can be used to obtain nodal displacement coordinates of given nodal coordinates and parameters.

There is time-honored history and culture of medicinal plant cultivation in China. In the present review, the medicinal plant cultivation history in china was summarized, its current situation and question were analyzed, and the prospects of medicinal plant cultivation research were pointed out, with the purpose of accelerating the growth of medicinal plant cultivation research.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; history ; History, 15th Century ; History, 16th Century ; History, 17th Century ; History, 18th Century ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; economics ; history ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; history ; trends ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) contains a big array of chemical constituents. These constituents un-dergo various metabolic reactions to produce complex in v iv o metabolites. Identification and distribution of these metabolites are important to reveal the effective constituents from a complex formulation. Recently, developments had been made to elucidate the complex metabolic process. In this review, we summarized the methods and strategies developed for TCM metabolism. Application of these metabolic results has also been discussed.

The discovery and use of antibiotics is one of the most important breakthroughs in medical history.However, the uprising and spread of the drug-resistance bacterial pathogens have posed a great threat on human health once again.There is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics.Traditional Chinese medicine contains a large volume of bioactive substances suited for novel antibiotic development.However, clinical use of antibiotics of Chinese medicine originis are very rare despite the fact that Chinese medicine has been used for infectious diseases for many years.In this paper, we propose a new mechanism of action for Chinese medicine in treating infectious diseases based on our experimental data.Unlike conventional antibiotics which kill pathogens or inhibit their growth, the traditional Chinese medicine probably function through repressing bacterial pathogenicity.That is, they are actually “antipathogenic drugs”.There are several advantages these antipathogenic drugs possess over traditional antibiotics, including that pathogens are less likely to develop resistance and the drugs have less effect on normal members of the human microbe.

ObjectiveElectric stimulation of the central nervous system has been served as a treatment method for variety of neurological,psychiatric and sensory disorders.Despite considerable success in some applications,current stimulation techniques offer little control over which neuronal targets are activated by stimulation.This study aimed to present a new shape self-adaptive helix electrode for selective activation of optic nerve.MethodsThe geometric model of optic nerve and new helix electrode was elaborated with COMSOL Multiphysics.The new helix electrodes consist of silicone helix frame,which acted as support and insulation,and platinum contacts embedded within the frame.The activating function (AF) was introduced to characterize the stimulation effects,and the selectivity of activating optic nerve fascicle with new helix electrode was simulated by COMSOL Multiphysics,taking into account the variations of electrode contact locations.ResultsAssuming normalized AF threshold was 0.1 V/m2,the ratio difference of AF over threshold between new helix electrode and traditional electrode was only 1.2410％.With contacts in two ends of helix electrode closer to the middle contact,the small nerve fascicle was first activated and then the large one.ConclusionThe results show that the new helix electrodes have the same stimulation effects as that of traditional cuff electrodes.The new helix electrodes can selectively activate optic nerve fascicle with variations of electrode contact locations.

Objective To master the prevalence of H unan Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV),hepatitis C virus (HCV)and syphilis (RPR)infection and influencing faictors in Liucheng County,Guangxi Province,provided scientific basis for reducing the infection rate among drug users.Methods Analysis of 2011-2015 surveillance data of AIDS sentinel population.Results Male infection is more than female.The ratio of male to female is 1:0.072;The number of male infected with 2011-2015 in each year is 10 times that of female.The affect people between 20 to49 years old was higher than that of others,accounted for 93.66 ％ of the total number of infections.The ntmber of HIV and the number of HCV were downgrade year by year.The number of RPR was at the same level each year.HIV infection between 20 to 29 years old was lower than that of between 30 to 39 and 40 to 49 years old in HIV-infected people.HIV infection between 30 to 39 years old was lower than that of between 4(to 49 years old.The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).HCV infection between 20 to 29 years old was lower than that of between 30 to 39 and 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years old in HCV-infected people.The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).RPR infection between 20 to 29 years olt was lower than that of between 30 to 39 and 40 to 49 years old in RPR-infected people.The difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01).Conclusion To strengthen the detection of drug users and behavior intervention,reduce the harm of AIDS,protect the health and safety of the people,is an important way to curb the prevalence of AIDS.

Objective To compare the results of mobilization of peripheral stem cells of two different G-CSF dosage schedules in 30 healthy donors. Methods In one group 15 healthy subjects received 5?g/kg filgrastim once daily subcutaneously (SC), while in the other group another 15 individuals received 2.5?g/kg of filgrastim twice daily SC. Peripheral blood stem cells were collected after five days of filgrastim administration, and flow cytometric immunophenotyping was performed for the first harvest. Results The MNC count was 2.93?10 8/kg donor body weight in the 5?g/kg Qd group compared with 4.42?10 8/kg in the 2.5?g/kg bid group (P0.05). Conclusion Administration of filgrastim twice a day at 2.5?g/kg instead of once a day at 5?g/kg is more efficient in mobilizing stem cells without obvious side effect.