OBJECTIVE:To promote the reasonable use of antibiotic drugs.METHODS:the causes of antibiotics drug abuse were analyzed.The regulation on standardizing antibiotic drug sales by State Food and Drug Administration as well as its influence were discussed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:some conceptions and suggestions are tentatively put forward.

OBJECTIVE:In order to enhance the quality control of Chinese botanical extracts and to facilitate the entry of Chinese botanical drugs and traditional Chinese medicine into the international market.METHODS:The market overview of the botanical extracts was expounded,problems existed in the quality control of the Chinese botanical extracts were analyzed,and the significance and key points in establishing Good Extracting Practice(GEP)of the traditional Chinese medicine were discussed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The quality control of the Chinese botanical extracts must be emphasized,which means to establish the feasible quality standard;the production process should be optimized and the corresponding‘Standard Operating Procedure’should be formed;advanced technology and facilities should be adopted to improve the content of hi-tech,the toxic substances should be strictly controlled;the quality of the raw material should be guaranteed,the connection between which and the‘Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs'should be strengthened.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the expanding of Chinese traditional medicine enterprises in USA market.METHODS:The management mode of the botanical preparations in the USA and the related laws and regulations were overviewed from the perspectives of dietary replenisher and drug areas.RESULTS&CONSCLUSION:For the entry of Chi?nese traditional medicine into the USA market,a realistic way of behavior for the time being is to adopt a step-by-step pol?icy,i.e.first of all,a research of the standard botanical extracts should be conducted before entering into the USA market in the status of dietary replenishers,then the clinical research application was raised after marketing in USA market for several years,eventually,new drug application was raised.

Objective Understand the hospital surgical treatment of female infertility patients after discharge health needs,to provide evidence for continuity of the corresponding nursing measures.Methods After surgical treatment of hospital preparation of hospital,100 cases of infertility patients designed questionnaire,to understand the patient's health requirements.Results About 94％ of patients had continuity care needs,The need for continuity care content in the top three:observation,the knowledge of the disease,mental health counseling.Continuity of care means demand is in the top three:We Chat public information push,add patients group of exchange of experience and telephone follow-up on a regular basis.Conclusion the hospitalized patients with infertility of the continuity of care after discharge and demand is high,enhancing health education for patients after discharge,the continuity of the individualized modern nursing measures,improve the patients discharged from hospital after conception rate and quality of life.

OBJECTIVE:To facilitate a better understanding of the European Union(EU)herbal drugs market for Chinese TCM enterprises and to promote the internationalization of Chinese traditional medicines.METHODS:The opportunities and challenges confronted by TCM enterprises in their expanding of their products in the EU herbal medicine market were analyzed based on the knowledge about market size,market segmentation,consumption patters and developmental tendencies of the EU herbal medicine market.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:There were both opportunities and challenges for the expanding of traditional Chinese medicines in the EU herbal medicine market,yet on the whole,the opportunities were more than the challenge.Chinese enterprises should strive to further expand the EU herbal medicine market.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of rabeprazole combined with mosapride in the treatment of reflux esophagitis.MethodsThe clinical data of 315 patients with reflux esophagitis from December 2015 to December 2016 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed, were randomly divided into two groups according to the time of admission.The control group (157 cases)was treated with rabeprazole, the observation group (158 cases) given rabeprazole combined with mosapride treatment.The clinical symptom scores before and after treatment, the effective rate of treatment, the quality of life before and one month after treatment and three months after treatment of two groups were compared.ResultsAfter treatment,the symptoms scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, but the the scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05);The total effective rate was 96.2% in the observation group, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (79.0%), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05);The quality of life scores of the two groups were significantly higher than that before treatment, but the scores of one months after treatment and three months after treatment in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).ConclusionReflux esophagitis with rabeprazole combined with mosapride treatment is significant,can better improve the clinical symptoms of patients, improve the treatment efficiency, and improve the quality of life of patients.

PURPOSE To investigate the effects of all trans retinoic acid(ATRA) on the growth of gastric cancer cells and explore the mechanism relevant to enzyme.METHODS With MTT method the growth inhibition of gastric cancer cells was measured;the activity of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and ? glucuronidase(? G) was measured with metaplate;The activity of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH) was assayed with cytochemical method.RESULTS The growth of MGc80 3, but not MKN 45, was inhibited,which is dependent on the concentration of ATRA.The activity of LDH,ALP and ? G of Mgc80 3 was suppressed and the activity of SDH of Mgc80 3 was enhanced.But all the four enzymes′ activity of MKN 45 were not obviously changed except that introcelluar ? G activity was inhibited.CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to ATRA is different,which is closely related with the change of enzyme activity.

Objective To observe the incidence and transformation of pyuria and bacteriuria in different time point after TURP and supply the evidence for antibiotic application.Methods From March,2011 to May,2012,84 patients with BPH admitted in our hospital.Their ages ranged from 61 to 87 years old,mean (71.9±7.6) years.The volume of prostate in those patients ranged from 27.8 to 118 ml,mean (70.8±24.1) ml.The procedure of TURP was undergone in all of them.In one week after the operation,two urine specimens from each patient,one for urine routine examination and one for urine culture,were collected 24 h after the catheter have been withdrawn.The catheter was also cultured.During the following-up,urine routine examination and urine culture were regularly performed in 1,2,3 months after surgery.If the patient had both pyuria and bacteriuria,he should be excluded the study.Results The pyuria rate on one week,one month,two months and three months were 54.8％ (46/84),100.0％ (82/82),65.8％ (48/ 73),34.2％ (25/73),respectively.There is a significance difference among those groups (P＜0.05).It seemed that the pyuria would appear in all patients.However,the incidence would gradually decrease.It seemed that the pyuria has the tendency of self-recovery.A significant difference of prostatic resection volume after 3 months could be observed in the pyuria group (31.4±15.2 ml) and non-pyuria group (24.8±11.6 ml) (P＜0.05).The bacteriuria rate on one week,1,2,3 months were 7.1％ (6/84),11.0％ (9/82),6.8％ (5/73)and 0,respectively.There is no significance difference among the groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Pyuria will appear after TURP and the incidence reduced gradually following the time.The pyuria alone without the bacteriuria may be explained by inflammation,that antibiotics were unnecessary.The bacteriuria alone without the pyuria may be considered as asymptomatic bacteriuria or bacterial colonization,antibiotics were unnecessary,either.

Objective: To explore the effect of apelin on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and intracellular signal transduction mechanism in experimental rats.
Methods: The cardiomyocyte from 1 to 3 days neonatal rats were cultured with Ang II to induce the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and the cells were treated by apelin at different concentrations. The [3H] Leucine incorporation, cardiomyocyte surface area and total protein expression were analyzed to evaluate the degree of cardiomycyte hypertrophy. The protein expressions of intracellular BNP, β-MHC, nuclear factor 3 of activated T cells (NFATc3), calcineurin, phospho-calcineurin, calmodulin kinase II (CaMK II) and phospho-CaMK II were assessed by Western blot analysis. The mRNA expressions of BNP andβ-MHC were examined by RT-PCR.
Results: Apelin may inhibit Ang II induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response in a dose-dependent manner, the maximum inhibition was achieved at Ang II 1000 nmol/L. Meanwhile, apelin may inhibit Ang II-induced elevations of intracellular resting free calcium level, mRNA expressions of BNP andβ-MHC, protein expressions of NFATc3, phospho-calcineurin, CaMK II and phospho-CaMK II in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusion: Apelin may inhibit Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in experimental rats which might be related to Ca2+-dependent calcineurin signal pass ways.

Objective To investigate the effect of an intrauterine system for controlled release of levonorgestrel (LNC-IUS) in perimenopausal women.Methods A total of 105 perimenopausal patients (aged from 42 53 years with a mean age of 45.8±2.9 years) treated with LNGr-IUS in Beijing Hospital were enrolled in this study.Retrospective analysis concerning reasons for device placement,clinical effects and adverse reactions was conducted.Results Of the patients,25 (23.8％) had menorrhagia,38 (36.2％) had dysmenorrhea,16 (15.2％) had a combination of menorrhagia and dysmenorrhea,9 (8.6％) had undergone cystectomy for endometriosis followed by gonadotropinreleasing hormone-analogue (GnRH-a) therapy,13 (12.4 ％) had simple endometrial hyperplasia,and 4 (3.8％) had leiomyoma combined with systemic disorders.A statistical difference in the average hemoglobin level was found in menorrhagia patients with anemia before and after treatment [(99.4 ±19.1) g/L vs.(123.3±24.5) g/L,P＜0.01].Dysmenorrhea symptom scores decreased six months after treatment[(5.9± 1.0) vs.(3.0±0.7)],P＜0.05).No adnexal masses were found on Bultrasound 12 months after treatment in patients who had undergone cystectomy for endometriosis.For patients with simple endometrial hyperplasia,diagnostic dilation and curettage 12 months after treatment showed normal endometrial morphology,with a total effectiveness rate of 100％.No adverse reactions were found.Conclusions The intrauterine levonorgestre[-releasing system is effective in the treatment of menorrhagia,dysmenorrhea and simple endometrial hyperplasia,and can prevent the recurrence of endometriotic cyst in perimenopausal women.