Objective To analyze the demand for home care service and its influential factors among elderly in Tianjin city.Methods A total of 254 residents aged 60 and above from Tianjin city were investigated with a self-designed questionnaireDemand for Home Care Service,Katz index of independence in Activities of Daily Living(ADL) and Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale.Results The mean score for home care service has been revealed (2.40±0.67),as the ranking demonstrated:public welfare (3.61±1.04),social participation (2.69±1.32),medical service (2.56±0.90),rights safeguard by law (2.37±1.54),mental need (2.26±0.99),and need for daily life care (1.73±0.69).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that income,education level,activity of daily living and the convenience degree of seeking treatment were major factors affecting demand for home care service among elderly,which explained 16.3％ of the variance.Conclusions Oriented by demand,further progress shall be achieved multidimensionally,under which circumstances,individualized service ought to be de-livered.Simultaneously,the vulnerable elderly groups require more attention.

Objective To describe uncertainty in illness of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma intending to undergo transcatheter artery chemoembolization (TACE) and to identify the related factors. Methods A descriptive and correlative design was used. By convenience sampling, 95 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were recruited from Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center in this study. Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale was used to assess uncertainty in illness and information needs of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma intending to undergo TACE and the demographic questionnaire and Information Needs Assessment Scale were used to measure demographic data, disease and treatment characteristics and information needs of patients. Results The level of uncertainty in illness in most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma intending to undergo TACE was middle (77.61±9.15) points. The mean score of indeterminacy subscale was (50.16 ± 6.16) points. Uncertainty in illness of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma intending to undergo TACE was affected by the degree of education background, domicile, family economic status, way to pay for the medical expenses, course of diseases, how many times he (she) used to undergo assisted treatments and the level of information needs. Conclusions The level of uncertainty in illness in most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma intending to undergo TACE was middle and it is important to assess patients′uncertainty in illness at clinical work and to take effective interventions to content patients′information needs to decrease the level of uncertainty.

Objective To investigate the intervention effect of motivational interviewing health education based on trans-theoretical model to hospitalized patients with cerebral infarction on their healthy diet cognition and behavior change.Methods 60 patients with cerebral infarction were selected with convenient sampling method,and in accordance with the incorporating order randomly divided them into the intervention group and the control group,each with 30 cases.The intervention group received the motivational interviewing health education based on the trans-theoretical model,which mainly focused on a healthy diet,while the control group received regular health diet education.The intervention effect was compared between two groups.Results The comparative difference of baseline data between the two groups before intervention had no statistical significance,while after intervention the change on knowledge and attitude of these two groups both had statistical significance,but the intervention group improved more obviously than the control group; In regards to behavior change phrase,comparing the healthy eating behavior phase of the intervention group patients before and after the intervention,it was found that before the intervention only 4 cases were on the stage of about-to-change,accounting for 13.3％,but after the intervention the proportion was up to 40.0％ with 12 cases.Using chi-square test to compare the behavior phrase difference of the patients before and after the intervention,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions Motivational interviewing technique based on the trans-theoretical model is an effective method in terms of cognitive and behavioral change,and the health education will improve the cognition on healthy diet and the behavior of the hospitalized patients with cerebral infarction.

Objective To evaluate the effects of PM2.5 on the differentiation of splenic CD4 + T lymphocytes in acute asthma mice.Methods (1) Mouse models of acute asthma were established by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge.(2) PM2.5 was collected in the urban area of Zhanjiang city under heavy traffic and serious air pollution from total suspended particulate(TSP) mid-flow sampler and multistage particles cutters and the dry powder of PM2.5 was prepared.(3) Specific-pathogen free Balb/c mice,female,at 6 to 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into 8 groups (8 mice each group):a negative control group (NC group),asthma control group (AC group),sensitized mice treated with different doses of PM2.5 groups (SP groups) and asthmatic mice treated with different doses of PM2.5 groups (AP groups).SP groups and AP groups were respectively divided into 3 subgroups according to the dose of PM2.5.The AC group,SP groups and AP groups were sensitized on D0,D7 and D14,and the NC group was treated with NS as controls.The SP1/AP1 group,SP2/AP2 group and SP3/AP3 group were respectively given 50 μL PM2.5 suspension.NC group and AC group were instilled with NS as controls.AC group and AP groups were challenged by aerosol of OVA,and NC group and SP group were treated with NS as controls.Twenty-four hours after last challenge,all the mice were sacrificed,and the percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg),T helper cell type 1 (Th1),Th2 and Th17 of splenic CD4 + T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry (FCM).Results (1) An OVA-induced mouse models with acute asthma were successfully established.(2) Comparison of the percentage of Treg of splenic CD4 + T lymphocytes:SP group [(12.28 ± 0.73) ％,(11.93 ± 0.81) ％ and (11.70-± 1.14) ％] and AC group [(12.18 ± 1.00) ％] were lower than that in the NC group[(13.50 ± 0.39) ％] (P ＜ 0.05),AP3 group [(10.58 ± 0.65) ％] was lower than that in the AC group and AP1 group [(11.91 ± 0.79) ％] (P ＜ 0.05).(3) Comparison of the ratio of Th1/Th2 of splenic CD4+ T lymphocyte:SP1 group [(7.74 ± 1.21)％] was higher than that in the NC group [(5.52 ± 1.06) ％] (P ＜0.05),SP2 group[(6.30 ±0.58) ％] was lower than that in the SP1 group(P ＜0.05),SP3 group [(4.87 ± 0.82) ％] was lower than that in the SP2 group (P ＜ 0.05);AC group [(3.69-± 0.47) ％] was lower than that in the NC group and SP3 group (P ＜ 0.05);AP3 group [(2.92 ± 0.57) ％] was lower than that in the AC group(P ＜ 0.05).(4) Comparison of the percentage of Th17 of splenic CD4+ T lymphocyte:AP3 group [(1.46 ± 0.39) ％] was higher than that in the NC group [(0.89 ± 0.24) ％] and the AP2 group [(0.83 ± 0.15) ％] (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions PM2.5 can inhibit splenic CD4 + T lymphocyte of acute asthma mice differentiation into Treg and Th1,and promote their differentiation into Th2 and Th17,through which aggravates inflammation reactions in the airway.

Objective To investigate optimal method of establishing hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) model of H9c2 cell by using hypoxia/anoxic workstation under different conditions in hypoxia.Methods H9c2 cell was placed into hypoxia/anoxic workstation and simultaneously cultured with complete medium, glucose-free DMEM and acidic hypoxic solution for 1,2,4,6 and 8 h respectively, and then reoxygenated with complete medium for 1 h in normoxic incubator.The level of ROS was measured by flow cytometry.The cell viability was detected by MTT assay.The cellular morphology was observed by inverted microscope.Results With the extension of cell hypoxia time, there were no significant differences in the ROS level and cell viability in complete medium-and glucose-free DMEM-treated H/R groups compared with control group(P<0.05).There was no obvious morphologic change observed with inverted microscope, either.Nevertheless, when H9c2 cells were treated with acidic hypoxic solution in hypoxia, the ROS level continuously increased and the cell viability decreased with the extension of cell hypoxia time ( P<0.01 ).Since H:1 h/R:1 h, some of the cells shrunk and a few necrotic cells floated in the media under the inverted microscope , and the damage was aggravated with the extension of hypoxia time.After the cells were exposed in hypoxia for 8 h, they wrinkled to be round and a large number of floating necrotic cells were observed.When the cells were reoxygenated for 1 h, the cytomembrane was not smooth and there were still a few necrotic cells floating in culture dish .Conclusion The H9c2 cell H/R model with good repeatability can be established successfully by using hypoxia/anoxic workstation combining with acidic hypoxic solution.

Objective To explore the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ) in Nrf2 gene with acute mountain sickness ( AMS) among Han populations in China .Methods As a nested case-control study , 603 Chinese Han young men who had been quickly exposed to 3700 m were adopted and divided into case group and control group ( 369 vs 234,respectively) by Lake Louise Self-assessment Scoring System(LLSS).The Sequenom Mass Array system was used to detect the SNPs of rs10497511 and rs2364722 in Nrf2 gene.Results Alleles of rs10497511 and rs2364722 were respec-tively detected in both case and control groups , which were T-C and A-G.Statistically significant difference was not found in allele frequencies ( P>0.05 ) .Further analysis showed that there was still no significant difference between the codomi -nant, dominant and recessive genotype models (P>0.05).Conclusion rs10497511 and rs2364722 of Nrf2 gene may not be related to susceptibility to AMS in Chinese Han populations .

Objective Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a key in the management of cancer patients' clinic syptoms.This article investigated the status quo of nurses' knowledge and attitude towards CFR.Methods THe method of cross-sectional survey and questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge and attitude towards CRF among nurses from related departments of three Grade III hospitals in Nanjing.Results 142 nurses answered the questionnaire.The average correct rate was 76.25%, among which nurses from the oncology department had better congition rate than nurses from other medical and surgical departments (84.3%, 75.98%, 79.57%) , representing significant difference (P<0.05).64.79% of the nurses found the relatives of cancer patients and nurses often fail to understand cancer patients;complaint of fatigue, 76.76% of nurses assumed there is lack of communication in fatigue between patients and medical staff.94.36% of nurses agreed medical institutions should strengthen the management of CRF.Conclusion At present, the clinical nurses have inadequate knowledge about CRF, which should be enhanced in future work.

Objective To explore different approaches in administrating polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution in bowel preparation.Methods From January 2015 to June 2015, 218 patients eligible for this study were randomly divided into three groups (group A, 2 L PEG solutions 4 hours before colonoscopy; group B, 2 L PEG solutions 6 hours before colonoscopy; group C, 1 L PEG the night before and 1 L at least 4 hours before colonoscopy). The quality of bowel preparation was assessed on the basis of the Boston bowel preparation scale. A questionnaire was also completed to assess the subjective feelings of the preparation, including the overall satisfaction and discomfort with drug preparation, the feeling of abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and the character of stool.Results In terms of intestinal cleanliness, statistical difference was shown between groups. Significant difference was found between group A and group C. However, the PDR between these three groups showed no statistical difference. No signiifcant difference was found between the three groups considering the overall satisfaction and subjective feelings of preparation.Conclusions Without affecting the subjective feelings of patients, splitting dose of PEG solution improve the quality of bowel preparation and is worthy to be recommended.

Objective To study the influence of residual methylene blue after plasma viral inactivation on the human immune cell function by using the peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) .Methods PBMC were isolated by adopting the Ficoll‐Hypaque density gradient centrifugation method and co‐cultured for 72 h in presence of specific T cell stimulating factors(Anti‐CD3/28 and Anti‐CD28) ,with or without different concentration of methylene blue .The culture supernatant was collected and detected the cyto‐kines secretion situation by ELISA .After 66 h culture ,CCK‐8 dye was added and continueously cultured for 4-6 h ,the prolifera‐tion was determined at A450 .Results The high‐concentration doses of methylene blue (1 .25 ,2 .5 ,5 μmol/L groups) had signifi‐cantly inhibiting effect on the proliferation of PBMC stimulated by Anti‐CD3/28(P< 0 .01) ,its OD value was decreased from 0 .897 ± 0 .385 to 0 .632 ± 0 .334 ,0 .524 ± 0 .254 and 0 .445 ± 0 .287 respectively ,showing certain dose dependent effect .The high concentrations of methylene blue (1 .25 ,2 .5 ,5 μmol/L groups) could down‐regulate interleukin(IL)‐17a ,IL‐10 and interferon (IFN)‐γ secreted by anti‐CD28 induced PBMC ,moreover showing a dose dependent effect .1 .25 ,2 .5 ,5 μmol/L methylene blue af‐fected the IL‐17a level secreted by PBMC from (406 ± 57)pg/mL descending to (276 ± 38) ,(192 ± 31) ,(134 ± 24)pg/mL respec‐tively ;affected PBMC to secrete IL‐10 ,its level was reduced from (184 ± 15) pg/mL to (132 ± 13) ,(110 ± 12) ,(42 ± 8)pg/mL ;af‐fected PBMC to secrete IFN‐γ,its level was deduced from (4 512 ± 187)pg/mL to (2 876 ± 143) ,(2 234 ± 153) ,(1 988 ± 112)pg/mL respectively .Conclusion High concentrations of methylene blue (≥1 .25 μmol/L ) has the significant inhibiting effect on the proliferation and cytokine secretion functions of PBMC .In other words ,the residual methylene blue concentration in viral inactiva‐tion plasma (≤0 .33 μmol/L) has no obvious effect on the immune function of PBMC ,but whether this concentration of methylene blue having the effect on human pure T cell immune function needs to be further evaluated and studied .

Objective:To explore the changes of number of CD4+ CD25 + foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Treg)and natural killer cells (NK)in the peripheral immune organs and tumor tissue of the murine models of lung cancer,and to clarify their effects on the development of lung cancer.Methods:The C57BL/6 mice were divided into Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC)injection group and normal control group.The mice in LLC injection group were injected with LLC subcutaneously in the armpit to establish the tumor models,while the mice in normal control group were injected with the same amount of saline.The number of CD4+ CD25 + T cells,CD4+ CD25 + foxp3 + Tregs in the spleen,lymph nodes and lung cancer tissues,and the number of NK cells in the spleen tissue were labeled by cell surface or intracellular antibody staining,and detected by flow cytometry.Results:The ratios of CD4+ CD25 + T cells to CD4+ T cells,foxp3+ cells to CD4+ CD25 + T cells,and the number of CD4+ CD25 + foxp3 + Treg in the spleen and lymph nodes of the mice in LLC injection group were increased significantly compared with normal control group (P <0.05 or P <0.01).Moreover,the ratios of CD4+ CD25 + T cells to CD4+ T cells and foxp3 + cells to CD4+ CD25 + T cells in the tumor tissue were significantly higher than those in the spleen and lymph nodes of the mice in LLC injection group.However,the ratio of NK cells in the spleen tissue of the mice in lung cancer group was significantly decreased compared with normal control group (P <0.05).Conclusion:The increase of ratio and the number of Treg cells and the decrease of ratio of NK cells in the main immune organs of lung cancer mice may promote the development of tumor and inhibit the immune response to cancer cells in vivo .