Objective To evaluate the effects of PM2.5 on the differentiation of splenic CD4 + T lymphocytes in acute asthma mice.Methods (1) Mouse models of acute asthma were established by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge.(2) PM2.5 was collected in the urban area of Zhanjiang city under heavy traffic and serious air pollution from total suspended particulate(TSP) mid-flow sampler and multistage particles cutters and the dry powder of PM2.5 was prepared.(3) Specific-pathogen free Balb/c mice,female,at 6 to 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into 8 groups (8 mice each group):a negative control group (NC group),asthma control group (AC group),sensitized mice treated with different doses of PM2.5 groups (SP groups) and asthmatic mice treated with different doses of PM2.5 groups (AP groups).SP groups and AP groups were respectively divided into 3 subgroups according to the dose of PM2.5.The AC group,SP groups and AP groups were sensitized on D0,D7 and D14,and the NC group was treated with NS as controls.The SP1/AP1 group,SP2/AP2 group and SP3/AP3 group were respectively given 50 μL PM2.5 suspension.NC group and AC group were instilled with NS as controls.AC group and AP groups were challenged by aerosol of OVA,and NC group and SP group were treated with NS as controls.Twenty-four hours after last challenge,all the mice were sacrificed,and the percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg),T helper cell type 1 (Th1),Th2 and Th17 of splenic CD4 + T lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry (FCM).Results (1) An OVA-induced mouse models with acute asthma were successfully established.(2) Comparison of the percentage of Treg of splenic CD4 + T lymphocytes:SP group [(12.28 ± 0.73) ％,(11.93 ± 0.81) ％ and (11.70-± 1.14) ％] and AC group [(12.18 ± 1.00) ％] were lower than that in the NC group[(13.50 ± 0.39) ％] (P ＜ 0.05),AP3 group [(10.58 ± 0.65) ％] was lower than that in the AC group and AP1 group [(11.91 ± 0.79) ％] (P ＜ 0.05).(3) Comparison of the ratio of Th1/Th2 of splenic CD4+ T lymphocyte:SP1 group [(7.74 ± 1.21)％] was higher than that in the NC group [(5.52 ± 1.06) ％] (P ＜0.05),SP2 group[(6.30 ±0.58) ％] was lower than that in the SP1 group(P ＜0.05),SP3 group [(4.87 ± 0.82) ％] was lower than that in the SP2 group (P ＜ 0.05);AC group [(3.69-± 0.47) ％] was lower than that in the NC group and SP3 group (P ＜ 0.05);AP3 group [(2.92 ± 0.57) ％] was lower than that in the AC group(P ＜ 0.05).(4) Comparison of the percentage of Th17 of splenic CD4+ T lymphocyte:AP3 group [(1.46 ± 0.39) ％] was higher than that in the NC group [(0.89 ± 0.24) ％] and the AP2 group [(0.83 ± 0.15) ％] (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions PM2.5 can inhibit splenic CD4 + T lymphocyte of acute asthma mice differentiation into Treg and Th1,and promote their differentiation into Th2 and Th17,through which aggravates inflammation reactions in the airway.

Objective To investigate the intervention effect of motivational interviewing health education based on trans-theoretical model to hospitalized patients with cerebral infarction on their healthy diet cognition and behavior change.Methods 60 patients with cerebral infarction were selected with convenient sampling method,and in accordance with the incorporating order randomly divided them into the intervention group and the control group,each with 30 cases.The intervention group received the motivational interviewing health education based on the trans-theoretical model,which mainly focused on a healthy diet,while the control group received regular health diet education.The intervention effect was compared between two groups.Results The comparative difference of baseline data between the two groups before intervention had no statistical significance,while after intervention the change on knowledge and attitude of these two groups both had statistical significance,but the intervention group improved more obviously than the control group; In regards to behavior change phrase,comparing the healthy eating behavior phase of the intervention group patients before and after the intervention,it was found that before the intervention only 4 cases were on the stage of about-to-change,accounting for 13.3％,but after the intervention the proportion was up to 40.0％ with 12 cases.Using chi-square test to compare the behavior phrase difference of the patients before and after the intervention,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusions Motivational interviewing technique based on the trans-theoretical model is an effective method in terms of cognitive and behavioral change,and the health education will improve the cognition on healthy diet and the behavior of the hospitalized patients with cerebral infarction.

Objective: Xiaoliu Granule (XLG) is based on the principle of Yiqi Huayu Decoction, this experiment was to study the treating point of XLG on the hysteromyoma rats. Methods: The hysteromyoma rats models was established in rats by loading estrogen and progesterone, to observe the effect of XLG on pathological condition of uterus, and the content of PR , ER, Bcl-2/Bax. Results: The experiments proved that XLG was effective in reducing the proliferation, reversing the proliferative abnormalities of uterus smooth muscle. The XLG also can significantly reduce the content of PR, ER and Bcl-2/Bax. Conclusion: Therefore, XLG was a good approach in treating hysteromyoma. The mechanism of XLG in treating hystermyoma was probably by reducing ER, PR, lowering the E, P sensitivity; reducing expression of Bcl-2, increasing the expression of Bax, and promoting cell apoptosis, etc.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression of serum exsomal miRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p) and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods:A total of 336 samples from ESCC patients in Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital from October 2014 to December 2015 were collected. The relative expression levels of serum exsomal miR-155-5p were detected by using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cut-off value of the expression levels of serum exsomal miR-155-5p was determined by using X-tile software. Based on the optimal cut-off value, patients were divided into miR-155-5p low expression group and miR-155-5p high expression group. The survival curve was drawn by using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to make survival analysis.Results:The cut-off value of serum exsomal miR-155-5p expression level was 2.340. According to the cut-off value, patients were divided into miR-155-5p low expression group (<2.340) of 51 cases and miR-155-5p high expression group (≥2.340) of 285 cases. There were no statistical differences in age ( χ2 = 0.020, P = 0.887), gender ( χ2 = 0.283, P = 0.595), tumor location ( χ2 = 0.063, P = 0.977), differentiation grade ( P = 0.474), clinical staging ( χ2 = 3.996, P = 0.136) and surgery treatment ( χ2 = 0.941, P = 0.332) of patients in both groups. ESCC patients in serum exsomal miR-155-5p high expression had a higher risk of death compared with patients in miR-155-5p low expression group ( HR = 1.763, 95% CI 1.049-2.961, P = 0.032). Conclusion:The high expression level of serum exsomal miR-155-5p is associated with poor prognosis in ESCC patients and it could be used as a prognostic new marker in ESCC patients.

Objective ToexploretheMRIfeaturesanddifferentialdiagnosisofgemistocyticastrocytoma(GemA).Methods The MRIfeaturesof10casesofGemAprovedbysurgeryandpathologywereinvestigatedretrospectively(thelocationoftumor,tumor shape,boundary,signalandenhancement)andtheliteraturewasreviewed.Results All10casesofGemA weresupratentorialand solitary.Ofthese10cases,7caseswerelocatedinthefrontallobe,5casesinthetemporallobe,6casesinmultiplelobesandinvaded theoppositebraintissuesthroughcorpuscallosum.8casesweresolidGcystic,8casespresentedwithunclearboundary,only2cases hadclearboundary.Therewasnoedemaormildedemain7casesandobviousedemain3cases.Thesolidpartoftumorswereisointense orslighthypointenseonT1WI,only1caseshowedhighintensityonT1WI,isointenseorslighthyperintenseonT2WI.CTsuggested calcificationin2cases.6casesweremildlyenhanced,4casesweremarkedlyenhanced.MRSshowed(n＝4)thatCHopeakwasmildly ormoderatelyincreased,NAApeakwassignificantlyreduced,theaverageratioofCho/NAA was2.91.DWIshowedhyperintenseor slighthyperintense(n＝3),theADCaveragevalueoftumorROIwasabout(1.150±0.081)×10－3 mm2/s.1caseofSWIsequence showedthickeningandcircuitousvascularshadow.Conclusion AsMRIofGemAischaracterizedbyhighandlowgradegliomas,the preoperativediagnosisisdifficult.Combiningenhancementwithfunctionalexamination,itisexpectedtoimprovetheaccuracyofpreoperative diagnosisofGemA.

Objective To compare the survival benefit of surgery combined with radiotherapy or surgery combined with radiotherapy plus chemotherapy for medulloblastoma patients,to analyze the related prognostic factors.Methods The clinical data of 79 patients with medulloblastoma,admitted to our hospital from June 2002 to January 2014,were retrospectively analyzed; the 5-year overall survival and event-free survival of patients accepted surgery combined with radiotherapy or surgery combined with radiotherapy plus chemotherapy were compared; Cox regression model was used to analyze the related prognostic factors.Results Totally,74 patients accepted total removal and 5 subtotal removal;after the surgery,radiotherapy only was performed in 41 patients and radiotherapy plus chemotherapy in 38.The overall survival (73.2％ vs.81.6％) and event-free survival (65.9％ vs.76.3％) showed no significant differences between patients receiving radiotherapy and patients receiving radiotherapy plus chemotherapy after surgery (P＞0.05).The 5-year overall survival in patients with residual tumor or recurrence and patients classified as high risk population was significantly lower than that in patients without residual tumor or recurrence and patients not classified as high risk population (P＜0.05); The Cox regression analysis showed that the high risk population (RR=22.461,P=0.038) and recurrence/metastasis (RR=65.547,P=0.000) are independent risk factors influencing the prognosis of medulloblastoma.Conclusions Surgical resection plus postsurgical radiotherapy acts as the first choice for treatment of medulloblastoma.Patients classified as high risk population and patients with recurrence/metastasis have poor prognosis.

Objective: To analyze the impact of dual antiplatelet (DAPT) therapy combining with or without proton pump inhibitors (PPI) on the main outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant literature and the references obtained from these sources were retrieved manually from inception till September 2017. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established follow the Cochrane review standard. A total of 977 literatures were included, 193 duplicates were excluded, 74 reviews, case reports, letters and systematic reviews were excluded, 667 literatures were excluded after reading the title and abstract, 34 literatures were excluded due to non-randomized control studies and unrelated outcome indicators, and 9 literatures were finally included with a total of 16 589 patients. RevMan 5.3 software was used to compare the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cardiogenic death, recurrent myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, all-cause death, stent thrombosis, stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding and gastrointestinal events in patients with DAPT combining with or without PPI after PCI. Results: MACE was observed in 8 out of the 9 included literatures, and the results showed that MACE occurred in 561 out of 6 282 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI therapy and in 951 out of 9 632 patients using DAPT alone (OR=1.15, 95%CI 0.88-1.51, P>0.05). Cardiogenic death was observed in 7 out of the 9 included literatures, and the results showed that cardiogenic death occurred in 172 out of 6 453 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI treatment and in 321 out of the 9 839 patients using DAPT alone (OR=0.97, 95%CI 0.80-1.18, P>0.05). Recurrent myocardial infarction was observed in 7 out of the 9 included literatures, the results showed 416 out of 6 282 cases in DAPT combining with PPI therapy group experienced recurrent myocardial infarction and 691 out of 9 632 cases in DAPT group experienced recurrent myocardial infarction (OR=1.01, 95%CI 0.89-1.16, P>0.05). Four out of 9 literatures observed revascularization. The results showed that revascularization was performed in 64 out of 2 173 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI therapy and in 105 out of the 2 770 patients using DAPT alone (OR=1.33, 95%CI 0.55-3.24, P>0.05). All-cause death was observed in 7 out of the 9 included literatures, and the results showed that all-cause death occurred in 172 out of the 6 453 patients in DAPT combining with PPI therapy group and in 321 out of the 9 839 patients using DAPT alone (OR=0.97, 95%CI 0.80-1.18, P>0.05). Three out of the 9 included articles observed stent thrombosis, and the results showed that stent thrombosis occurred in 99 out of 2 997 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI therapy and in 245 out of the 6 198 patients treated with DAPT (OR=1.07, 95%CI 0.83-1.37, P>0.05). Stroke was observed in 2 out of the 9 included literatures. The results showed that stroke occurred in 5 out of 2 019 patients receiving DAPT combining with PPI therapy, and in 4 out of the 2 033 patients treated with DAPT (OR=1.00, 95%CI 0.29-3.49, P>0.05). Gastrointestinal bleeding was observed in 6 out of the 9 included literatures. The results showed that gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 26 out of 3 517 patients receiving DAPT combined with PPI therapy, and in 93 out of the 3 506 patients treated with DAPT, gastrointestinal bleeding was significantly lower in the DAPT combining with PPI group than DAPT alone group (OR=0.27, 95%CI 0.17-0.41, P<0.01). Gastrointestinal events were reported in 6 out of the 9 included articles. Similarly, gastrointestinal events were observed in 51 out of 3 517 patients receiving DAPT combined with PPI therapy, and in 190 out of the 3 506 patients treated with DAPT alone, the incidence of gastrointestinal events in the DAPT combined with PPI group was significantly lower than DAPT alone group (OR=0.24, 95%CI 0.14-0.42, P<0.01). Conclusions The incidence of MACE, cardiogenic death, recurrent myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, all-cause death, stent thrombosis and stroke are not affected by DAPT combined with PPI therapy after PCI, while the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding and gastrointestinal events could be reduced by adding PPI to DAPT in patients undergoing PCI.

As one of the pathogenic mechanisms contained in The Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》）， “disease with latent pathogen induced by a new pathogen” means that the induced new pathogen resulted to a combination of the latent previous pathogen and the new pathogen， which caused the disease. Based on this， it is believed that the change of “nodule-cancer transformation” of pulmonary nodules is actually based on the deficiency of original qi， and the new pathogen induces the latent pathogens like phlegm coagulation， qi stagnation， blood stasis， toxicity， so healthy qi can not drive the pathogens out， and the long-time detention generated into cancerous turbidity， and deve-loped into cancerous tumour at the end. Therefore， based on the three-stage treatment of unformed cancer， dense cancerous toxin， and developed cancer， the clinical practice applied six methods of clearing， expelling， dissipating， tonifying， harmonizing， and transforming， taking into account both the manifestation and root cause， moving the treatment window of pulmonary nodules forward， attacking the pathogens when the toxin was not yet overbearing， supporting the healthy qi before declining， delaying the process of nodules-cancer transformation， and providing ideas for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary nodules “nodule-cancer transformation” in traditional Chinese medicine.