Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) is an incretin stimulated by food mainly produced and secreted from L-cells in terminal ileum, colon and rectum. It can be combined with GLP-1 receptors, and then plays a series of biological effects. In recent years, studies have shown that GLP-1 participates in the occurrence and development of many diseases.

Objective To investigate the cognition and treatment rate of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)in perimenopause women.Methods A survey was conducted in 262 perimenopause women first coming to outpatients care.A predesigned structured questionnaire was used to collect information:the symptoms of perimenopa-use women,the cognition and acceptance to the treatment.Results Finally,248 women with the mean age of (50.30 ±2.10)years finished the questionnaire,the natural menopause age was (48.90 ±1.90)years.48.79% of these women understood the role of HRT in clinical application,and only 12.50% knew the side effect of HRT. Among them,35.48% thought that HRT was necessary for the duration of perimenopause.40.73% of them had the attitude to treatment with HRT.After the education of perimenopausal acknowledgement,117 patients (47.18%) accepted the treatment with HRT.Conclusion It showed that the awareness and treatment rate of HRT in perimeno-pause women was low.The health education should be strengthened to improve the level of perimenopause health care.

Objective To analyse a novel splice mutation in EXT1 gene of hereditary multiple osteochondroma, and study its pathogenic mechanism.Methods In April of 2013, the proband was hospitalized from the outpatient department with multiple joint deformity for more than 20 years, peripheral blood of the proband and his parents were collected and genomic DNA was extracted .Coding regions and adjacent intron sequences of EXT1/EXT2 genes in genomic DNA of the family members were amplified and sequenced.Bioinformatics was used to analyze the mutation from sequencing .cDNA from peripheral blood of the proband ,the mother and normal control was made respectively as a template for amplifying coding regions of EXT1 gene, and the product was T-A cloned and sequenced.The abnormal transcripts of each group were counted and analyzed using chi square test to study the pathogenic mechanism of the mutation .Results Sequencing results of family members revealed that there was a heterozygous deletion mutation ( c.1284 +2del) in the 5′splice site of intron 4 in EXT1 gene of the proband and his mother .Bioinformatics predicted that exon 4 of EXT1 gene was skipping or spliced aberrantly due to the mutation .T-A clone and sequencing results as well as the statistical analysis suggested that there was a significantly higher proportion of transcripts with skipping exon 4 in the proband and his mother compared with the normal control (P=0.000, P<0.01).Conclusions c.1284+2del in EXT1 gene is reported for the first time internationally , which results in a considerable number of abnormal transcripts with skipping exon 4 in EXT1 gene, thereby influences the normal transcription and translation of EXT1 gene.

A new method was developed for the determination of 11 fat_soluble vitamins ( A, D, E and K) and its derivatives in vitamin tablets by ultra performance convergence chromatography ( UPC2 ) . The mobile phase was the mixture of supercritical CO2 and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The separation was carried out on the Waters Acquity UPC2 HSS C18 SB 100 mm × 3. 0 mm i. d. , 1. 8 μm column. The UV detector was set at a wavelength of 284 nm. The limits of detection ( LOD) were 1. 5-2. 0 mg/L, and the calibration linear for VK1 , VK2 , VK3 and VB3 was 3-300 mg/L, linear for VA, VA palmitate, VA formic acid, VE, VE acetate, VD2 and VD3 was 5-300 mg/L, respectively. Its spiked recoveries were 97. 31%-98. 76%, and the relative standard deviations ( RSDs) were 0. 41%-0. 96%. The method is applicable for the determination of fat_soluble vitamins ( A, D, E and K) and Their derivatives in vitamin tablets.

Objective To analyze the policy support of rural doctors for the essential medicine system,and explore the main influence factors and mechanism affecting the support degree.Methods 621 rural doctors from five cities in Shandong province were subject to a stratified random sampling for a quantitative questionnaire,to build a hypothesis model of policy support of rural doctors,which is verified using factor analysis and path analysis.Results 59.1% of rural doctors support the essential drugs policy.It was found that the essential medicine factor,the factor to influence the practitioner,and the supporting policy factor had a direct impact on policy support of rural doctors,with the effect of 0.305, 0.1 59 and 0.135 respectively;Essential medicine factor and the supporting policy factor indirectly influence the policy support of rural doctors through the factor to influence practitioners,with the effect of 0.065 and 0.032 respectively.Conclusion The essential medicine system needs to emphasize such rationality as the quality,list and pricing of essential medicines;it is imperative for the government to better oversee the purchase and supply of essential drugs,to cater to the interests of rural doctors,to encourage the enforcement of the system,and promote the development of village clinics.

To study the regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells by triptolide (TP) and the possible mechanism, by using qRT-PCR and Western blot, the AR mRNA and protein levels in TP treated LNCaP cells were detected, and the AR protein level in TP and NF-κB inhibitor treated LNCaP cells was also detected; a series of pGL3-AR promoter reporter gene vectors were built using restriction-free cloning method, and the vectors were employed to investigate the effects of TP on the transcriptional activity of AR promoter in LNCaP cells; the upstream proteins which may play regulatory roles were detected using western blot assay. After treated LNCaP cells with TP for 48 h, AR mRNA and protein expressions decreased with increasing TP concentration. The expression of AR target gene PART1 and prostate specific antigen (PSA) was also downregulated by TP treatment; a series of pGL3-AR promoter reporter vectors were constructed and validated by sequencing and luciferase activity; the results of dual luciferase reporter assay showed that TP downregulated AR at the transcriptional level; PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway which is associated with AR promoter activity was drowregulated by TP. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of AR in LNCAP cells was downregulated by TP, and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway may be involved in the regulation mechanism.

Objective To explore the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in blood plasma and its relation with the behavior ofchildren with autism. Methods High performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the level of free PUFAs of blood plasma in30 autistic children and 20 healthy children. Conner's Parent Rating Scale (parents) and the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R) RatingScale were used to evaluate the behavior of the children, and the relationship between the PUFAs level and abnormal behavior in the childrenwas also analyzed. Results The level of α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexenoic acid (DHA) and total n-3 PUFAs were lower in autisticchildren than in healthy children (P<0.05), especially lower in DHA (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in n-3 PUFAs betweentwo groups (P>0.05); There were negatively correlations between the level of DHA and total n-3 PUFAs in blood plasma and impulsion-hyperactivity,hyperactivity index, learning, anxiety, stereotypic behavior, self-injurious behavior, compulsions, ritualistic behavior and samenessbehavior. Conclusion The level of n-3 PUFAs in blood plasma of autistic children was lower than the healthy children and the level ofPUFAs were correlated with the behavior of autistic children.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the lead exposure, its effects, and the relationships between biomarkers of susceptibility in the workers with low-level occupational lead exposure, and to explore its sensitivity and practical value to evaluate the health hazard.

METHODSThe concentrations of lead fume and lead dust in workplaces of a lead acid storage battery enterprise in Jiangsu Province, China, were measured by occupational health monitoring method. The blood samples of 233 workers with occupational lead exposure and 76 non-occupational lead exposure were collected to measure the blood lead (Pb-B) level using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), the zinc Protoporphyrin (ZPP) level with blood fluorescence assay, and the delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) concentration by a spectrophotometer, and to determine the gene polymorphism of ALAD with TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. At the same time, their urine samples were collected to measure urine lead (Pb-U) concentration with GFAAS and delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-U) concentration with a spectrophotometer. The correlations between the above indices were analyzed by multiple linear regression method.

RESULTSThe concentration of lead fume in 18 testing sites and the concentration of lead dust in 30 testing sites were 0.002-0.019 mg/m3 and 0.004-0.013 mg/m3, respectively. Pb-B level was positively correlated with Pb-U concentration (r=0.62, P<0.01) and ZPP level (r=0.47, P<0.01) and was negatively correlated with ALAD concentration (r=-0.77, P<0.01) in 233 workers with occupational lead exposure. Among 233 workers, 218 (93.6%) had ≤70 µg/L Pb-U, and 15 (6.9%) had ≥400≥g/L Pb-B. Pb-B level was not correlated with ZPP level as Pb-B level was <190 µg/L (r=0.18, P=0.068 ), while Pb-B level was positively correlated with ZPP level as Pb-B level was ≥190 µg/L (r=0.36, P<0.01). Pb-U concentration was positively correlated with ALA-U concentration (r=0.49, P<0.01) and ZPP level (r=0.47, P<0.01). ZPP level was negatively correlated with ALAD concentration (r=-0. 19, P<0.01), and was positively correlated with ALA-U concentration (r=0.27, P<0.01). ALAD concentration was not correlated with ALA-U concentration (r =-0. 11, P>0.05). And in 233 workers with occupational lead exposure, there were no significant differences in Pb-B level, ZPP level, and ALAD activity between the workers with ALAD1-2 genotype and the workers with ALAD1-1 genotype (P>0.05). In 76 workers with non-occupational lead exposure, there was no significant difference in Pb-B level between the workers with ALAD1-2 genotype and the workers with ALAD1-1 genotype (P >0.05). The workers with ALAD1-2 genotype had a significantly lower ALAD activity, and a significantly higher ZPP level compared with those ALAD1-1 genotype (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn the workers with low-level occupational lead exposure, ZPP level is positively correlated with Pb-B level when Pb-B level was ≥190 µ/L. ALAD could be used as an effect biomarker of low Pb-B level. ALAD gene polymorphism shows different effects on the Pb-B level and the toxic effects between the workers with occupational lead exposure and the workers with non-occupational lead exposure.

Aminolevulinic Acid ; blood ; Biomarkers ; blood ; China ; Electric Power Supplies ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lead ; blood ; Linear Models ; Occupational Exposure ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Porphobilinogen Synthase ; blood ; genetics ; Protoporphyrins ; blood

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of moxibustion plus tuina in treating 0-grade diabetic foot.Method Seventy patients with 0-grade diabetic foot were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 35 cases in each group. The control group was intervened by conventional medication, while the treatment group was by moxibustion plus tuina in addition to the interventions given to the control group. The Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) was observed before intervention and after 2 treatment courses, and the clinical efficacies were compared between the two groups.Result The ABI scores were changed significantly after intervention in both groups (P<0.05). After intervention, there was a significant difference in comparing the ABI score between the two groups (P<0.05). The total effective rate and recovery rate were respectively 94.3% and 71.4% in the treatment group, versus 74.3% and 20.0% in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Moxibustion plus tuina is an effective approach in treating 0-grade diabetic foot.

A method was developed for the determination of bifenthrin in tea by ultra performance convergence chromatography ( UPC2 ) . The samples were extracted with petroleum ether and cleaned up with Waters Sep-Pak:Carbon NH2 , and then detected by UPC2 . The mobile phase was the mixture of supercritical CO2 and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1. 5 mL/min. The separation was conducted on a column of ACQUITY UPC2 TM BEH (100 mmí3. 0 mm,1. 7 μm). The UV detector was set at a wavelength of 220 nm. The detection limit was 20 μg/L. The linear range of bifenthrin was 0. 32-10. 30 mg/L. The recoveries ranged from 88. 7% to 98. 2%. The relative standard deviations (RSD) were from 1. 4% to 2. 8%. The result showed that the UPC2 was more efficient, rapid and low-cost than GC-MS. The method can meet the testing requirements of bifenthrin in tea. The efficacy of UPC2 on testing the concentration of bifenthrin in tea was compared with GC-MS based on National Proficiency Testing and the results were satisfactory.