Although dyslipidemia is common in the patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis, it is still controver-sial in the efficacy and safety of lipid-modulating agents used in the patients. In this paper, current large-scale randomized controlled trials and observational studies were reviewed, and the influence and characteristics of dyslipidemia as well as the application of com-mon lipid-modulating agents in dialysis patients were summarized. The current clinical evidence suggested that the use of statins with or without ezetimibe could effectively reduce the level of blood lipid in dialysis patients without increased risk of adverse events, while it had limited role in cardiovascular protection;fibrates had higher risks in dialysis patients; nicotinic acids had limited use mainly be-cause of their unbearable side effects.

Objective To investigate the electromyographic changes in the anterior temporal and masseter muscles of patients with long-term unilateral mandibular first molar loss. Methods Eighteen patients with one-year or more than one-year loss of unilateral mandibular first molar were selected as experimental group,and eighteen volunteers from similar places,had similar dietary habits in the same age and gender with normal occlusion were recruited as control group. Surface electromyography was used for the evaluation of the electrical activities of bilateral anterior temporal and masseter muscles in mandibular postural position ( MPP ) , maximal clenching in intercuspal position ( ICP) and masticating situations. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17. 0 software package to compare the differ-ences among groups. Results The average electrical activities of anterior temporal and masseter muscles in MPP of experimental group were significantly higher than the contral group,and the missing side was higher than the non-missing side ( P <0. 05 ) . The average electrical activities of anterior temporal and masseter muscles in maximal clenching and masticating were significantly lower than the control group,especially in the masticating situation( P<0. 05 ) . The asymmetry index of anterior temporal muscles and masseter muscles in MPP and maximal clenching were significantly different(P<0. 05). Conclusion Long-term loss of unilateral mandibular first molar can affect the electrical activities of the anterior temporal muscles and masseter muscles in the experimental group,especially for the missing side and in the masticating situation. These results also suggest that it might be one of the potential factors on mastication system disorders.

Objective To explore the potential significance of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expressed in endoplasmic reticulum stress response also known as unfolded protein response ( UPR) .Methods Mouse embryonic fibroblasts ( MEFs) were isolated from 13 day mouse embryo , cultured and treated with tunicamycin for 16 hours to induce UPR .The untreated MEFs were used as negative control .The lncRNA expression profile was examined by a customized lncRNA array. The results of array assay were validated by real-time PCR and further analyzed by bioinformatics. Results There were 411 lncRNAs whose expression was signficantly up-regulated in MEFs treated with tunicamycin as compared with the controls ,while 790 lncRNAs were significantly down-regulated. A number of significantly alter lncRNAs were validated by real-time PCR. A further bioinformatics analysis of lncRNA profile suggested that many cold be in-volved in multiple cellular pathways. Conclusion Our lncRNA expression profile and bioinformatics studies srongly suggest that many lncRNAs can be regulated in the cells under UPR and could also in turn regulate UPR and other cellular processes.

Repeat prescription is adopted in Singapore as a convenient measure for patients with chronic diseases.On the one hand, it can avoid patients''inconvenience caused by frequent visits to hospitals.On the other hand, it reduces the waste of medical resources.In recent years, Singapore has also been using modern technology and measures to expand the medication refill service actively in order to enhance work efficiency, reduce waiting time and promote drug safety, thus to improve patients'' satisfaction.With the increasing medical pressure and the deepening of medical reform, the repeat prescription model in Singapore shows positive enlightenment to China.

Objective To analyze the policy support of rural doctors for the essential medicine system,and explore the main influence factors and mechanism affecting the support degree.Methods 621 rural doctors from five cities in Shandong province were subject to a stratified random sampling for a quantitative questionnaire,to build a hypothesis model of policy support of rural doctors,which is verified using factor analysis and path analysis.Results 59.1% of rural doctors support the essential drugs policy.It was found that the essential medicine factor,the factor to influence the practitioner,and the supporting policy factor had a direct impact on policy support of rural doctors,with the effect of 0.305, 0.1 59 and 0.135 respectively;Essential medicine factor and the supporting policy factor indirectly influence the policy support of rural doctors through the factor to influence practitioners,with the effect of 0.065 and 0.032 respectively.Conclusion The essential medicine system needs to emphasize such rationality as the quality,list and pricing of essential medicines;it is imperative for the government to better oversee the purchase and supply of essential drugs,to cater to the interests of rural doctors,to encourage the enforcement of the system,and promote the development of village clinics.

A series of andrographolide derivatives with the structure of 12-N-substituted-14-deoxyandrographolide were synthesized from the parent compound andrographolide.Their antitumor activities were preliminarily evaluated on various cancer cell lines and compound 4d stood out due to its potent growth inhibitory effect in comparison with andrographolide.Compound 4d also demonstrated significant antitumor effect on human hepatoma HepG2cells in vitro and on sarcoma 180 (S180) and hepatoma 22(H22)-bearing mice in vivo.Then,the apoptosis induced by compound 4d in HepG2cells was detected by Annexin V/PI double staining assay.Further mechanic study showed that the expression of p53 and Bax was significantly elevated and that of Bcl-2was downregulated in 4d-treated HepG2cells.Collectively,these data suggested that compound 4d had remarkable antitumor effect both in vitro and in vivo and could effectively induce apoptosis via a p53-dependent pathway in HepG2 cells,thus deserving further investigation.

Objective To study the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for dental caries prevention using whole body luminescence fiber,and to investigate the effects of PDT on the content of Ca and P in rat molar enamel.Method The rat dental caries model was established by inoculating with S.mutans.Eighty male rats were randomly divided into five groups,including three experimental groups:17 mW (8 mW/cm2) PDT (group A),34 mW (15 mW/cm2) PDT (group B),68 mW (30 mW/cm2) PDT (group C),a positive control group:20 g/L NaF solution (group D),and a negative control group:0.9％ physiological saline (group E).The experimental groups were treated by 40 μg/mL hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) and 650 nm diode laser irradiation.The experiments were conducted for 4 weeks.The contents of Ca and P in the molars of each group were measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry.Results The contents of Ca and P in group B,C and D after PDT were significantly higher than those in group A and E (all P＜0.05).The contents of Ca and P in group A showed no significant difference before and after PDT,while those in groups B and C showed significant increase after PDT (all P＜O.05).The increment of Ca in group A after PDT was lower than that in group D (P＜0.05),while those in group B and C were significantly higher than those in group D (all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the increment of Ca and P between group B and C after PDT.Conclusions In the range of the experimental parameters,the PDT promoted effect of tooth remineralization is better than 20 g/L NaF.The levels of Ca and P in the tooth enamel can be promoted by PDT treatment,and the contents of Ca and P are related to the pewer of PDT.The effect of low power PDT on the remineralization of enamel is not obvious.The contents of Ca and P in the tooth enamel are increased with laser power of PDT.When the laser power increased to a certain value,the change in contents of the two elements is not obvious.PDT can maintain the tooth remineralization microenvironment.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the separation and detection of related substances in baicalein,identify its structure and preliminarily explore the degradation mechanism. METHODS:HPLC was adopted to detect the baicalein,related impurities and forced destruction of degradation products in synthesis process:the column was ES Industries? FluoroSep-RP Phenyl with mobile phase of 0.3%formic acid-methanol-acetonitrile(gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was 275 nm,the column temperature was 10℃,and the injection volume was 10μL. LC-MS/MS was conducted to identify the related substances and conjecture degradation mechanism:the column was ES Industries? FluoroSep-RP Phenyl with mobile phase of 0.3%formic acid- methanol (gradient elution)at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was 275 nm,column temperature was 10℃,and the injection volume was 10μL;ion source was electrospray ion source,positive and negative ions,nebulizer pressure was 55 psi and the drying gas flow was 11 L/min,drying gas temperature was 350℃,capillary voltage was 4.0 kV,detection modes were full-scan first-order MS and selective ion full-scan second-order MS,scan ranges were m/z 100-1000 (first-order MS) and 50-500(second-order MS),ionization voltage was 80-135 eV,and the collision energy was 10-30 eV. RESULTS:The linear range of baicalein was 2.4-480μg/mL(r=0.9999);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 2.0%;the limit of quantitation was 7.2 ng,the limit of detection was 2.4 ng. Baicalein was well separated with related substance and 3 major degradation products,the related substance was chemical synthesis precursor wood butterfly;the degradation products were 6,7-quinone derivatives and 7,8-quinone derivatives,which were isomers;oxidative degradation products were benzoic acid phenyl ester derivatives. CONCLUSIONS:The main mechanisms of alkali degradation and oxidative degradation of baicalein include pyran, reciprocal rearrangement and oxidation reaction;the established method is specific and sensitive,and can be used for the detection of related substances in baicalein.

Objective:To understand the application status of precursor drugs in the outpatients of our hospital. Methods:Totally 12 kinds of precursor drugs were included in the management. The data of prescriptions in HIS were collected from July 1 to September 30 in 2015. The defined daily dose (DDD), frequency of drug use (DDDs), drug utilization index (DUI) and the other parameters were calculated and the influencing factors were analyzed by the Pareto method. Results: Among the twelve precursor drugs, DUI of seven kinds was less than or equal to 1. Paracetamol tablets, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride tablets, dextromethorphan hydrobromide and chlorphenamine maleate tablets, nicergoline tablets and compound dextromethorphan hydrobromide tablets II displayed lower DUI, indicating their clinic application was more reasonable. Conclusion:The data showed that the use of precursor drugs in our hospital is basically reasonable.