Objective To construct anti-IL-4R murine anti-human single-chain variable fragment (scFvs) antibodies through BL21 (DE3) prokaryotic expression system. Methods The anti-IL-4R scFv sequence was optimizated on the basis of previous findings. The optimized scFv sequence was analyzed. The recombinant plasmid pET-32a-scFv was constructed. The recombinant plasmid was detected through enzyme identification, and was turned into BL21 (DE3) prokaryotic expression bacteria to express the pET-32a-scFv recombinant protein in E.coli BL21 (DE3). The purification and renaturation were researched, and SDS-PAGE analysis was studied. The molecular weight of ScFv against IL-4R was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. The expression of the fusion protein was detected by Western-blot assay. Results The length of fusion gene scFv-MLT sequence was 761 bp. The molecular weight of the recombinant expression of proteins of anti-IL-4R single antibody was approximately 45 ku. The recombinant proteins showed high specificity with anti-6 × His-tag antibody. Conclusion This experiment successfully constructs pET-32a-scFv prokaryotic expression system of recombinant protein with high immune reactivity, which provides the basis for further study of anti-IL-4R single chain antibody as drug target.

Mucosal disease is one of the most common oral cavity diseases in children, among which mucosal erosion and ulceration account for about 50%. Oral mucosal erosion and ulcer diseases in children are mostly acute with obvious pain, affecting speech, eating and swallowing. Some oral mucosal diseases are caused by infection and would result in epidemic among children. The onset age, sites, lesions size and quantity could vary, and some would have recurrence. The detailed medical history and comprehensive physical examination are necessary, some diseases can be diagnosed according to the medical history and clinical manifestations. If diagnosis can not be made, biopsy, blood test and immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry, molecular biology detection, gene diagnosis, tuberculin test and other tests should be considered, and further investigation of systemic diseases should also be carried out if necessary. In some cases, multidisciplinary consultation should be sought. For those who still have no abnormal findings, therapeutic diagnosis can be tried out or secondary biopsy should be performed. In this article, the research progress of oral mucosal diseases in children is reviewed and our own clinical experiences of oral erosive and ulcerative diseases in children are summarized.
Child ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

Rare diseases are usually genetic,chronic and incurable disorders with a relatively low incidence.Developments in the diagnosis and management of rare diseases have been relatively slow due to a lack of sufficient profit motivation and market to attract research by companies.However,due to the attention of government and society as well as economic development,rare diseases have been gradually become an increasing concern.As several dental-craniofacial manifestations are associated with rare diseases,we summarize them in this study to help dentists and oral maxillofacial surgeons provide an early diagnosis and subsequent management for patients with these rare diseases.

A rare disease, also referred to as an orphan disease, is defined as the disease with a low prevalence or that affects a small percentage of the population. It is a well model of human disease, which can facilitate the in-depth study and understanding of related diseases. Therefore, five Chinese governmental authorities, including the National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China, jointly issued the "First National Directory of Rare Diseases" (the First List) on May 11, 2018. The First List covers 121 rare indications. In the analysis of the directory, we found that among the 121 diseases, there are 51 (42.2%) with oral characterization. Oral manifestations mainly include craniofacial abnormalities, dentition (dental) abnormalities, oral soft tissue lesions, jaw bone lesions, salivary gland related diseases, etc., even some of them are the first, earliest and inevitable clinical manifestations of some patients with rare diseases. In order to strengthen the understanding of stomatological counterparts on the importance of the national directory of rare diseases and deeply understand the important and irreplaceable role of stomatologists in the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases, the present review article is specifically written to introduce the oral characterization of the rare diseases listed in the catalogue, aiming at improving the diagnosis and treatment capabilities of these diseases by peers and benefiting the public.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic and genetic features, pathologic diagnosis and differential diagnosis of angiofibroma of soft tissue(AFST). Methods: The clinicopathologic characteristics of 24 cases diagnosed at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed; immunohistochemical staining and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed, and the literatures were also reviewed. Results: There were 15 male and 9 female (male∶female=1.7∶1.0) patients with age of onset ranging from 8 to 68 years (mean, 45 years). Fourteen cases occurred in extremities, including upper limbs (n=3) and lower limbs (n=11); seven cases were in the trunk, and 1 case each was in the temporal region, retroperitoneum and liver, respectively. Clinically, the tumors usually presented as a slowly growing painless mass. Tumor sizes ranged from 0.8 to 14 cm (mean 4.6 cm). Microscopically, most lesions were well-circumscribed, with fibrous capsules. Few cases infiltrated the surrounding fibrofatty tissue focally. The tumors were mainly composed of sparse short spindle cells and numerous small, branching, thin-walled blood vessels distributed in amyxoid, fibromyxoid or collagenous matrix, often accompanied by medium-sized, round or irregular and ecstatic vessels at the tumor periphery.By immunohistochemistry, all tested cases expressed vimentin (5/5), and showed variable positivity for EMA (2/4), ER (1/2), PR (2/3), α-SMA (1/18)and desmin (1/10). Ki-67 proliferation index were all less than 5%. CD34, CD31 and ERG staining clearly outlined the contours of blood vessels in the stroma. Four cases were tested for NCOA2 gene rearrangement by FISH, of which three were positive. Follow-up data was available in 17 patients (range, 3 to 69 months; mean, 30 months) were all free of disease. Conclusions Soft tissue angiofibroma is a benign fibroblastic neoplasm characterized by a prominent and complex vasculature set in a myxoid-to-collagenous stroma, and cytogenetically a distinctive NCOA2 gene rearrangement. Caution should be exercised for the possibility of potentially misinterpretation of AFST as vascular tumors and other myxoid soft tissue tumors.

Objective To test the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus from children with impetigo,and to assess the differences in randomly amplified polymorphic DNA profiles between sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.Methods Secretion specimens were obtained from the impetiginous lesions of 178 children,and subjected to bacterial culture.The susceptibility of 162 Staphylococcus aureus isolates against 21 antibiotics was tested.Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR(RAPD-PCR)was performed to characterize the genotype of Staphylococcus aureus.Results Totally,180 bacterial strains were isolated from 178 children with impetigo in Chengdu,including 162(90.00％)Staphylococcus aureus strains.Of the 162 Staphylococcus aureus strains,148 were methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA),14 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).The most active antibiotic was minocycline,followed by teicoplanin,quinupristin,vancomycin and nitrofurantoin,while the resistance rate to penicillin was highest,followed by that to erythromycin,clindamycin,compound sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline.All the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were sensitive to fusidic acid,nitrofurantoin,vancomycin,minocycline and teicoplanin.According to RAPD-PCR,the 162 Staphylococcus aureus strains were divided into 8 genotypes,with the three most prevalent genotypes being Ⅲ(31.48％),Ⅱ(26.54％)and Ⅵ(25.93％),which accounted for 65.43％(106/162)in all the strains.The 148 MSSA strains fell into 8 genotypes,with genotype Ⅲ(50 strains,33.78％),Ⅵ(39 strains,26.35％)and Ⅱ(33 strains,22.30％)being the most prevalent genotypes;the 14 MRSA strains fell into 3 genotypes,i.e.,genotype Ⅱ(10 strains,71.43％),Ⅵ(3 strains,21.43％),and Ⅲ(1 strain,7.14％).Conclusions Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent pathogenic bacteria in children with impetigo in Chengdu area,which is highly sensitive to minocycline,teicoplanin and quinupristin,and falls into 8 genotypes according to RAPD-PCR with genotype Ⅲ being the most common genotype.

A rare disease, also referred to as an orphan disease, is defined as the disease with a low prevalence or that affects a small percentage of the population. It is a well model of human disease, which can facilitate the in?depth study and understanding of related diseases. Therefore, five Chinese governmental authorities, including the National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China, jointly issued the"First National Directory of Rare Diseases" (the First List) on May 11, 2018. The First List covers 121 rare indications. In the analysis of the directory, we found that among the 121 diseases, there are 51 (42.2%) with oral characterization. Oral manifestations mainly include craniofacial abnormalities, dentition (dental) abnormalities, oral soft tissue lesions, jaw bone lesions, salivary gland related diseases, etc., even some of them are the first, earliest and inevitable clinical manifestations of some patients with rare diseases. In order to strengthen the understanding of stomatological counterparts on the importance of the national directory of rare diseases and deeply understand the important and irreplaceable role of stomatologists in the diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases, the present review article is specifically written to introduce the oral characterization of the rare diseases listed in the catalogue, aiming at improving the diagnosis and treatment capabilities of these diseases by peers and benefiting the public.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a special oral leukoplakia, which has the characteristics of high recurrence and canceration rate. In 2021, the American Society of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and the North American Association of head and neck Pathologists published "Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: an expert consensus guideline for standardized assessment and reporting", and divided PVL into four categories: ①Corrugated ortho(para)hyperkeratotic lesion, not reactive; ②Bulky hyperkeratotic epithelial proliferation, not reactive; ③Squamous cell carcinoma, or suspicious for squamous cell carcinoma; and ④Does not fit any above category. This paper intends to interpret the new classifications of PVL in the guidelines in order to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Rare diseases are usually genetic, chronic and incurable disorders with a relatively low incidence. Developments in the diagnosis and management of rare diseases have been relatively slow due to a lack of sufficient profit motivation and market to attract research by companies. However, due to the attention of government and society as well as economic development, rare diseases have been gradually become an increasing concern. As several dental-craniofacial manifestations are associated with rare diseases, we summarize them in this study to help dentists and oral maxillofacial surgeons provide an early diagnosis and subsequent management for patients with these rare diseases.
Craniofacial Abnormalities ; Humans ; Rare Diseases

Three dimentional printing is a new rapid prototyping technology based on digital model files, which developed through a combination of multi-disciplines such as information technology, precision machinery and materials science. With rapid development in recent years, three dimentional printing technology has been widely used in the medical fields, stomatology especially. It gradually penetrates into various parts of stomatology, such as education, practice and innovation, making stomatology clinical medicine more and more efficient, accurate and minimally invasive. Combined with basic research and clinical cases, this article describes the application and developent prospects of three dimentional printing technology in stomatology.