Objective To evaluated a new automate ultra sonographic system for detecting benign and malignant breast tumors in three-dimensions.Methods A magnetic sensor to track the probe in a real time during scanning and a series of sequential cross-sectional images,together with information giving precise location and the direction of movement of the probe,were fed into the computer.Fuzzy logic was used to classify tumor, boundary, and normal breast tissue in order to extract an image of the tumor and its margin through three-dimensional (3D) transformation. Results The difference between the surface roughness of benign and malignant tumors was found by comparing their computer -rendered surface images.The values of the S/V ratio of surface area (S 3) divided by volume (V 2) of malignant tumors were larger than those of benign tumors. Mean ratio was 3.43 in benign tumors, 9.08 in malignant tumors.T-test results showed these differences between benign and malignant tumors to be significant(P

Objective: To investigate the current basic situation of ultrasound machines of ultrasound departments in Shanghai medical institutions, and to provide the basis for making management policy in order to promote medical quality. Methods: Questionnaire surveys about ultrasound machines and service ability including producing countries of ultrasound machines, the number of ultrasound machines, using years of ultrasound machines, yearly workload and the yearly number of patients that each ultrasound machine accepted were made in 2013 and 2018, respectively. Statistical results were compared between the two surveys. Results: Compared with 2013, the share of imported ultrasound machines declined in 2018 (82% vs 91%). Compared with 2013, the number of ultrasound machines in Shanghai medical institutions had increased by 31% in 2018 (2 123 vs 1 617). The occupancy rate of ultrasound machines in tertiary hospitals was the highest (tertiary hospitals 40%, secondary hospitals 25%, primary grade hospitals 20%, and private hospitals 15%). Compared with 2013, the proportion of ultrasound machines that have been used for more than 10 years increased (9% vs 4%), the yearly workload of ultrasound examination had increased by 46% (19.82 million person-time vs 13.59 million person-time). Tertiary hospitals bored the highest proportion of the workload (tertiary hospitals 51%, secondary hospitals 35%, primary grade hospitals 4%, and private hospitals 10%). Currently, the number of ultrasound machines per 10, 000 people in Shanghai was 1.14. The yearly number of patients that each ultrasound machine accepted had increased by 11% (9300 person-time vs 8400 person-time in 2018). Conclusions The scale of ultrasound departments in Shanghai medical institutions has been developing. Brand localization of ultrasound machines is improving. However, the renewal ability of ultrasound machines still needs to be improved. The workload of ultrasound department is getting heavier. Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment is unbalanced.