Objective To discuss the relationship between BMP-2 protein and possible mechanism and to compare the postive rate of two different imaging examinations in evaluating the epiphyseal plate involved by osteosarcoma.Methods Radiographic and MRI features of epiphyseal plate extension by osteosarcoma confirmed by pathology in 36 cases were analysed retrospectively.The expression of BMP-2 was detected with immunohistochemical SABC method in different part of specimen.Results The diagnostic accurate rate in evaluating the epiphyaeal plate extension from osteosarcoma by X-ray and MRI was 44.44% and 100% respectively.The positive reactive rate of BMP-2 in tumor body,epiphyseal plate soak district,normal epiphyseal plate and normal tissue nearby the tumor was 88.89%(32/36),99.44%(34/36),10.00%(1/10) and 20.00%(2/10) respectively.Conclusion MRI is more sensitive to radiography in evaluating the epiphyseal plate involved by osteosarcoma,the higher positive reactive rate of BMP-2 protein is correlated to the epiphyseal plate extension of osteosarcoma.

Objective:To analyse the anatomical change of the human temporomandibular joint(TMJ) in the position of mandibular lateral displacement and to provide the anatomical data for temporomandibular disorder.Methods:3 of the 8 samples of selected fresh cadavers were adjusted to mandibular lateral displacement position, and 5 to edge-to-edge occlusion position,then samples were fixed and sectioned according to coronal and sagittal planes by using plastination technique. The feature of the thin plastination sections of the TMJ in the mandibular lateral displacement position and were compared with that in edge-to-edge occlusion position.Results:On the working side in mandibular lateral displacement position, condylar moved backwords,upwards and outside in the articular fossa. Articular discs of TMJ did not move following condylar movement,but posterior band of the articular disc was suppressed by the condylar and articular fossa. On the non-working side in mandibular lateral displacement position, condylar moved ahead,downwards and inwards along posterior incline of articular tuberculum,then articular discs did not move,and middle band of articular discs was suppressed by the condyle and articular tuberculum.Conclusions:The TMJ disc does not shift as TMJ condylar process turns in articular fossa.When the condylar turns and slides at the same time,the articular discs shift.

Objective To study the value of MR three-dimensional volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination(3D-VIBE)and conventional MR imaging (including MRCP) in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma early and evaluating the respectability of cholangiocarcinoma. Methods 20 patients with malignant obstruction of bile duct were scaned by conventional MR imaging(including MRCP) and dynamic-enhanced 3D-VIBE triple-phase acquisitions. MR imaging features of the tumors were analysed and the re-spectability of cholangiocarcinoma was also evaluated. The differences between conventional MR imaging and 3D-VIBE in displaying the tumors and the infiltration extent of the tumors were compared. Results The sensitivity ratio in showing the tumors were 85 and 95% with conventional MR imaging and 3D-VIBE, respectively, and there was statistically significant difference between two sequences in displaying infiltration of adjacent organs by the tumors(P<0.05). Conclusion 3D-VIBE is superior to conventional MR imaging in the early diagnosis,preoperative assessment of the infiltration extent and the tumor respectability of cholangiocarcino-ma.

Objective To study the value of the early enhanced morphology in three dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced and digital subtraction MRI in diagnosing breast cancer.Methods Three dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced and digital subtraction MRI of breast neoplasm in 46 patients(52 lesions)verified by histopathology were performed before operations.MR imaging data were analysed.On the base of early-phase enhanced rate,peak time,blood vessel morphology and time-signal intensity curve,the diagnostic values of the early enhanced morphology of lesions were evaluated.Results In the 37 malignant breast lesions,31 lesions were enhanced from the center to the margin(83.8%,31/37),14 benign breast lesions were enhanced from the margin to the center(93.3%,14/15).The special features of breast cancer in three dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced and digital subtraction MRI were circular enhancement and the contrast medium filled from the margins to the centre of lesions in middle-later phase,its diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy were 97.3%,93.3% and 96.2% respectively.Conclusion The morphological features of three dimensional dynamic contrast-enhanced and digital subtraction MRI has obvious advantages in diagnosing breast cancer.

Objective To study the value of multi-slice spiral CT(MSCT)and high-resolution MR in evaluating the feasibility of total mesorectal excision(TME)for rectal cancer before operation.Methods Sixty-three cases biopsy-proven rectal cancer underwent MSCT and high-resolution MR examination,including CT in 35 and MR in 28.The involvement of mesorectal fascia,lymph nodes extra-fascia and the curve distance between the lesions and the anal margin were observed and compared with that of operation and pathology.Results In evaluating the involvement of mesorectal fascia,two patients were oversteped by CT and one patient by MRI,and there was no significantly statistic difference between CT and MRI.The curve distance between lesions and anal margis could be measured accurately on sagittal section of MR images in all cases.Sixteen patients had been found having metastatic lymph nodes at extra-mesorectal fascia,twelve of them were biopsy-proven.Thirty-seven patients had been found having metastatic lymph nodes at intra-mesorectal fascia,but 4 of them were inflammatory biopsy-proven.Conclusion MSCT and high-resolution MR are of significant values in evaluating the feasibility of TME in the patients with rectal carcinoma.

Objective To study the values of MR whole spine imaging with TIM(Total Imaging Matrix) technique in diagnosing spine and spinal cord diseases.Methods Eighty-five patients who were suspected having spine diseases underwent whole spine MR.High resolution MR is performed when a local lesion was found on a Avanto 1.5T MR system(Siemens Company) by using different TIM in coils combination with automatic moving table and no-gap composing techniques.Results All 75 cases can be obtained clear images of total spine and spinal cord.In the all of 75 cases whole spine MR,the results show that normal in 15 cases,vertebral diseases in 41 cases,and spinal cord diseases in 19 cases.Conclusion The MR whole spine imaging with total imaging matrix has shorter scanning time and better image quality,position and nature of high accuracy,resolved the controversy of imaging covering and resolution.It can be improved the accuracy in diagnosing spine and spinal cord diseases.

Objective To study the diagnostic value on mammary gland focal benign and malignant with MRI digital sub- traction. Methods By analyzing 109 histopathology cases of breast neoplasm which can be use three dimensional dynamic contrast and MRI digital subtraction. Based on early-phase enhancement rate peak time, time-signal intensity curve and enhanced lesions way, the diagnostic value on it was evaluated. Results The specificity signs of breast carcinoma are en- hanced ways on MRI enhancement scanning. The filling type is contrast agent filled from edge to centre. The sensitivity is 82.9%; specificity is 79.0%; accurate rate is 80.7%. Conclusion The aggrandizement form on filling type of breast MRI digital subtraction scanning focus has obvious advantages in breast carcinoma diagnosis.

Objective To value diffusion-weighted imaging and ADC value measurement of benign and malignant axillary lymph node identification value. Methods From 2006-06 to 2008--02, by collecting in the hospital for breast dynamic con-trast-enhanced scans and diffusion-weighted imaging, 217 lesions in 56 cases with a clear outcome of the surgery and pathology and/or needle biopsy results were retrospectively analyzed.Results The DWI could accurately show the lymph node of the armpit abnormality, 163 cases of 47 breast cancer cases with lymph node metastasis showed high signal in DWI image that did not decrease with increasing b value, similar to the 54 cases of 9 benign enlarged responsive prolifer-ative lymph nodes. But the former showed higher signal than the later. The ADC values were(1.017±0.114)×10-3mm2/s and (1.905±0.136)×10-3mm2/s respectively, and showed significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The dynamic contrast-enhanced subtraction MR technology benign and malignant breast lesions has high diagnosis and differ-ential diagnosis importance. DWI and ADC value measurement is a safe, non-invasive, accurate and rapid diagnosis of metastasis axillary lymph nodes and benign proliferative response of the lymph nodes means.

Objective To analse MRI appearances and diagnostic value of giant cell tumor of bone.Methods MRI features of giant cell tumor of bone proved by pathology in 14 cases were reviewed.Results The lesions located at distal femur in 7 cases,at approximal tibia in 3 cases,at distal humerus,approximal femur,thoracic vertebrae and sacrum in 1 case respectively.The characteristic appearances of MRI were cystic and solid masses,there was fluid-fluid level within tumors in company with bleeding.Tumors were slight low or low signal intensity on T1WI,slight high signal intensity on T2WI.Conclusion MRI is of significant value in diagnosis of bone giant cell tumor.

Vascular endothelial cell glycocalyx is a layer of glycoprotein complex located on the surface of endothelial cells, forming a selective permeation barrier on the surface of endothelial cells. In the present review, after a brief introduction of glycocalyx, the relationship between glycocalyx and mass transport under fluid sheer stress (FSS), especially the relationship between glycocalyx and macromolecules such as low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been discussed. This relationship was reflected as following: on the one hand, the thickness and integrity of the glycocalyx affects the concentration polarization of LDL and its transendothelial transport and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) participates in the whole process of residual lipoproteins metabolism. On the other hand, ox-LDL, an oxidized product of LDL, destroys heparan sulfate (HS) which is a major component of the endothelial cell glycocalyx. The study on relationship between vascular endothelial glycocalyx and lipoproteins will provide a new clue to elucidate the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and provide more evidence to view the glycocalyx as a new control target.