The compositions and contents of fatty acids in the meat and viscera in Chlamys ferreri near Yantai seacoast, Shandong Province were studied in detail. The result showed that the contents of the unsaturated fatty acids in the meat and wastes were 65. 0% and 66. 2%, respectively. Moreover, the contents of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and EPA+DHA were 55. 1% and 37. 5% in the meat, respectively. The contents in the viscera were 48. 8% and 22. 2%, respectively.

Many controversies and unanswered questions surround AIS(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis),the most difficult one is the absence of information about its aetiopathogenesis.Although bracing has been regarded as the standard of care for patients at a high risk of progression,it has never been subjected to rigorous assessment of either its efficacy or effectiveness.With respect to surgical management,although technology has greatly increased the safety with which we can correct spinal deformity and preserve spinal balance,long-term results of these changing methods of management are absent.Surgery can reduce deformity and prevent further progression;thereby decreasing the risk of future cardiopulmonary compromise,but its role in the prevention of other negative long-term effects of scoliosis is not clear.In this paper we discuss present notions about aetiopathogenesis,natural history,non-operative treatment,and surgery.

Objective To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive function in rats with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.Methods The animal model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was established in 30 Sprague-Dawley rats by surgically induced bilateral common caroid artery stenosis,who were then divided into a control group and a treatment group.The rats in the treatment group were administered with 20 Hz rTMS 4 weeks postoperation for 7days.Another 10 rat subject to sham operation served as blank controls.The cognitive function was assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) at the time points of 2nd,3rd,4th and 5th days after ending of the 4 weeks of tretment.The morphologic changes of hippocampus neurons were observed with HE staining.The apoptosis was examined by TUNEL,the expression of Bcl-2 or Bax protein was determined using immnunohistochemistry assay.Results At all the time points the MWM escape latency in the rTMS group was shorter than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The percentage of crossing the corresponding platform during the same time period in platform quadrant in the rTMS group was significant higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the control group,the treatment group demonstrated significantly decreased percentage of neuronal apoptosis (P ＜0.05),as well as increased expression of Bcl-2 protein (P ＜0.01) and reduced expression of Bax protein (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion rTMS can improve the cognitive dysfunction in rats caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion,probably through inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus region.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of Pulse Magnetic Needle Apparatus on nerve growth factor(NGF) expression in cerebral ischemia model of rats.Methods70 Wistar rats were divided randomly into 7 groups as normal group,sham group,model group,magnetic group,acupuncture group,elecupuncture group and pulse magnetic group.Cerebral ischemia model was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion.The neural function of all the rats after operation was assessed by Nervous Scale of Function.The expression of NGF in each group was determined using immunohistochemical method.ResultsIn the Nervous Scale of Function between 6h and 15d after operation,there was no difference in model group(P>0.05),but there was difference in magnetic group(P<0.05) and in other therapeutic groups(P<0.01). The curative effect in pulse magnetic group was as the same as that in elecupuncture group and acupuncture group on the 15th day after operation.The expression of NGF increased in all therapeutic groups compared with the model group on the 15th day after operation(P<0.05 or 0.01).Furthermore, the expression of NGF increased in pulse magnetic group and acupuncture group rather than that in magnetic group and elecupuncture group(P<0.05).There was no distinct difference between acupuncture group and pulse magnetic group(P>0.05).ConclusionsThe Pulse Magnetic Needle Apparatus can promote and prolong the expression of NGF and recover the function of limbs.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between carotid artery stenosis caused cognitive functional impairment and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and expression of BCL-2/BAX protein in rats. Methods: A total of 36 male SD rate were randomly allocated into sham operation, stenosis 2-, 4-, and 8-week groups. After the rat model of carotid stenosis was developed, the Morris water maze was used to detect the memory ability of rats in each group, TUNEL assay was used to observe hippocampal neuronal apoptosis, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BCL-2/BAX protein. Results: Circled digit oneCompared to the sham operation group, the mean escape latency of rate was extended at each time point in the stenosis groups. The percentage of swimming distance in the platform quadrant was decreased. There was statistical significance(P <0.01). With the stenotic time prolonged, the mean escape latency increased gradually, meanwhile the percentage of platform quadrant swimming distance decreased gradually. Circled digit twoThe proportion of neuronal apoptosis in every stenosis group was higher than that in the sham operation group. There were statistical significances with the stenotic time prolonged and the gradual increase of neuronal apoptosis. Circled digit threeThe level of BCL-2 protein reached the peak in the stenosis 2-week group, and it was decreased gradually in the stenosis 4- and 8-week groups, both of them were significantly higher than that in the sham operation group. Circled digit fourBAX protein expression enhanced at 2 weeks, and it reached the peak at 8 weeks. They were all significandy higher than that in the sham operation group. Conclusion: The proportional imbalance of hippocampus expression of BCL-2/BAX protein caused hippocampal neuronal apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms of cognitive impairment after carotid artery stenosis in rats.

The neurologic function and cerebral vascular anatomy of non-human primate are closely resemble to those of human, so non-human primate cerebral ischemic model is a particularly useful tool in studying the damage mechanism and therapy intervention of cerebrovascular disorder. The authors reviewed the establishment method and neurological behavioral assessmental method of non-human primate cerebral ischemic model.

Objective To investigate the anti-oxidation effects of compound Chinese medicine of Yiqiling,on the spon- taneously hypertensive rats(SHR) and to explore the new target for improving the prognosis of hypertension.Method SHR were randomly divided into 2 groups:Yiqiling group and the control group.The serum content of malondiadehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD),and the urine content of 8-iso prostaglandin F2?(8-isoPGF2?) in two groups were measured.Examination of the gene expression profile was analyzed by using cDNA microarray.Three of the anti-oxidation genes were selected to undergo RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR.Results The 8-isoPGF2?urine level and MDA serum level were lower,and SOD serum level was higher in Yiqiling group than those in the control group,the differences of the above indexes had statistical significance.In Yiqiling group the expression of 354 genes was up-regulated and that of 121 genes was down-regulated in comparison with the control group.The results of the Hsphl,Hspca and Pam genes detected by RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR were consistent with those detected by the microarray examination.Conclusion Yiqiling has anti-oxidation effects and improvement on the prognosis of SHR,and its possible mechanism is related with the regulation of Hsphl,Hspca and Pam genes expression.

Spinal cord injury occurs with an average annual incidence of 15 40 cases per million of population. The costs of treatment and rehabilitation in the living period of patients with spinal cord injury are very high. Prevention, therapy and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury have become a major subject in medical science. The aim of this article is to summarize the statistics of incidence, etiological factors, clinical characteristics and complications in patients with spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the changes of thrombomodulin (TM) and von Willebrand factor (vWf) and their clinical significance in patients with severe brain injury. Methods The study involved 62 patients with severe brain injury who were divided into diffuse axonal injury group (28 patients) and focal brain injury group (34 patients). Then, the 62 patients were divided into young group (16-30 years old, 20 patients), middle-aged group (31-65 years old, 20 patients) and elderly group ( ＞65 years old, 22 patients). The serum levels of TM and vWf were determined at days 1 and 7 after injury respectively. ELISA method was employed to determine the serum levels of TM and vWf.Results The vWf in focal brain injury group was significantly higher than that of diffuse axonal injury group at days 1-7 after injury ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Compared with the young and middle-aged groups, the TM and vWf levels in the elderly group at day 1 after injury were significantly elevated ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The TM levels in patients with delayed traumatic intracerebral hematoma (DTICH) were significantly higher than that in patients without DTICH (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions In the acute stage of severe brain injury,injury severity and activation of endothelial cells varies in patients with different types of injury and at different ages. TM is one of sensitive indicators to reflect the cerebal vascular endothelial cell injury. It is very meaningful to assess the prognosis of severe brain injury by measuring serum levels of TM and vWf and take TM as a predictive indicator for DTICH.

Post-operative pancreatic fistula(POPF)is the most common and severe complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy,which may have significant impacts on curative effects and prognosis.It has been shown that POPF is not only closely associated with texture of pancreatic parenchyma,diameter of pancreatic duct and tumor site,but also affected by surgeon's experience and surgical techniques.Double layer pancreaticojejunostomy and external pancreatic duct stent may be beneficial to decrease POPF.