As an important branch of interventional radiology and pediatric radiology, pediatric interventional radiology has been widely accepted by both clinicians and patients' parents due to its marked efficacy and less invasiveness, but its prevalence is still yet to be recommended. This paper overviews the current status of pedatric interventional radiology in our country, its specificity during the clinical management, and existing problems to be solved.

Objective To analyze the treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting. Methods The average time duration from transplantation to the on set symptom of TRAS was 6.9 months (3 - 18 months) in 35 TRAS patients. BP and creatinine level were recorded before and after the procedure. PTA was performed through contralateral femoral or left brachial approach with ordinary balloon (5 F, length 20 ～ 30 mm) and / or small balloon catheters (2. 6 F, length 36 mm) in all patients, and stents were embedded in 11 of them. Results A total of 46 PTA were successfully performed (1 time, 20 cases; 2 times, 12 cases, and 3 times, 3 cases) via contralateral femoral approach (26) and left brachial approach (15). Stenosis were significantly decreased from 75% ～ 98% pre-PTA to 10% ～ 30% post-PTA.Systolic pressure decreased from 170 mmHg (150 ～ 210 mmHg) pre-PTA to 135 mmHg (100 - 190 mmHg) post-PTA and diastolic pressure decreased from 120 mmHg (90 - 145 mmHg) to 85 mmHg (80 - 125 mmHg) respectively. Restenosis rates were 39% after first PTA and 15% after the second time. All 46 times of PTA used 26 ordinary balloon catheters and 20 microballoon catheters. 8 self-expandable stents (Wallstent) and 3 balloon-dilatation stents (Palmaz) were released in 11 cases. There were healed case (n = 11) , melioration (n = 15), improvement (n = 7), and inefficiency (n = 2) after follow - up of 23 months (3 - 60 month). No complication occured except puncture site hematoma via the brachial artery approach in 1 case. Conclusions PTA is safe and effective in the treatment of TRAS and high rate of procedure success may be achieved with the help of brachial approach and micro-balloon catheter.Reasonable use of stents is beneficial in decreasing the restenosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficiency of partial splenic embolization on portal hypertension patients of hepatocellulocarcinoma(HCC).Methods 110 patients of hepatocellulocarcinoma with portohypertension were treated with 1-3 times of TACE, and partial splenic embolization, with PVA of 355～500 ?m injecting into the arteries of inferior splenic pole. In order to control the area of splenic embolization, multi-embolizations were done according to the various conditions. Results 172 times of embolization were performed in 110 patients involving 134 times of fever lasting for 3-30 days and 126 times of bellyache with 27 times appealing for morphine. Treatable hydrothorax appeared in six, and no serious complications occurred. The area of embolization covered 30%～60%. WBC and BPC counts were increased after the 24 hour (P

Objective To discuss the clinical value of preoperative embolization of vertebral tumors. Methods Data of 54 patients were retrospectively studied. Thirteen lesions were in the cervical, 17 in the thoracic, 15 in the lumber and 9 in the sacral regions. The vertebral tumors were embolized prior to operation with gelatin sponge particles, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles or coils. Surgical operations were performed within 1-7 days after the embolization. Results Totally 79 vessels of 43 patients were embolized, which included ascending cervical artery,1;vertebral artery,1;intercostal artery,39; lumber artery,19;internal iliac artery,15 and median sacral artery,4. Intraoperative hemorrhage showed a mean value of 1312 ml with range of 300-3000 ml in patients after embolization, and a mean value of 2375 ml with range of 1500-5000ml in patients without embolization at the same period(P

Objective To evaluate the effects of percutaneous embolectomy for treament of acute superior mesenteric artery embolism.Methods 34 cases(atrial fibrillation 14 cases;left atrium myxoma 2 cases;SMA thrombosis 15 cases and chronic mesenteric ischemia 3 cases)of acute mesenteric artery embolism were treated with percutaneous embolectomy using long sheath aspiration method and/or thrombolysis via catheterization of the SMA.Results Successful recanalizations were achieved in all of the 34 superior mesenteric arterial embolism including recovery in 31 cases,laparotomy for 2 cases,and 1 died within 24 hours.Conclusions Percutaneous embolectomy using long sheath aspiration is a simple and effective method for treatment of acute superior mesenteric artery embolism.A correct pathogenetie diagnosis is the key to improve the curative effect and avoid the severe complication.(J Intervent Radiol,2005,15:206-208)

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of interventional therapy in treating intestinal ischemia of mesenteric venous thrombosis.Methods Twelve cases(male 7 cases,female 5 cases;ranging from 33 to 86 years of age)of mesenteric venous thrombosis(MVT)were treated with percutaneous transhepatic mesenteric venous thrombectomy and thrombolysis associated with papaverin perfusion via superior mesenteric artery.Results Seven of the 12 cases recovered;3 cases were undertaken laparotomy;2 died within 30 days respectively.No severe complications occurred in all of the 12 cases.Conclusions Interventional therapy of MVT is a safe and effective method with reduction of the mortality.(J Intervent Radiol,2006,15:202-205)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of the bacteria encountered from the(clinical) infection,and provide reference for the rational use of agents in clinics.METHODS To culture the(specimens) from inpatient and outpatient clinic from Dec 2004 to Mar 2005,and perform the drug (sensitivity) test.RESULTS In 1584 isolated strains,the first four were coagulase negative Staphylococcus((15.6%),) Klebsiella(13.0%),Escherichia coli(10.0%),and Candida albicans(9.9%).The highest resistance of Gram(-negative) bacilli was to ampicillin(86.7%),then to cephalothin(79.5%),and mezlocillin(75.7%);G~-bacilli were(sensitive) to meropenem(2.3%),piperacillin/tazobactam(19.0%),and fosfomycin(29.1%).Gram~+ cocci had drug(resistance) to 18 antibacterials except vancomycin,MRSA was higher than MSSA;(Enterococcus) faecium showed poor sensitive rate to penicillin and erythromycin.CONCLUSIONS We should give more attantion to the Rules on Antibacterials in Clinical Application and use drugs reasonably.

Objective: To study the acute and long-term toxicity of brucea javanica oil subnanoemulsion injections ( BJOSI ) . Methods:The mice were given BJOSI by intravenous injection. The acute toxicity was observed and LD50 in mice was calculated by Bliss method. To observe the long-term toxicological effects, Beagle dogs were injected intravenously BJOSI once a day for 8-week du-ration with the dose of 20, 10 and 6 ml·kg-1 , respectively followed by 3-week recovery period. Results:LD50 of BJOSI in mice was 7. 388 g·kg-1 with 95% confidence limits of 6. 306-8. 656 g·kg-1 . The long term toxicity test showed that all the detected indices were within normal range in all groups, including general state, weight changes,hematological indices,biochemical indices,EEG,organ coefficients, morphological and histological changes, while there was an upward tendency of ALT and Cr in every BJOSI group without dose-effect correlation. The dogs could completely recover in three weeks after the administration. Conclusion:The results suggest that BJOSI has low toxicity,while the pathological changes are reversible, and attention should be paid to the function of liver and kidney.

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of portal CO 2-DSA with fine needle splenic puncture. Methods The splenic tails of seven adult white rabbits were exteriorized by laparotomy, and followed by a 25 gauge fine needle inserting about 1.0 cm into the splenic parenchyma. Portal CO 2-DSA was performed (2.0 ml/s, 10ml) and the images were evaluated. After removal of the needle, the puncture site was observed for bleeding till coagulation occurred. The spleen were taken for gross and histological examination. Results All the CO 2-DSA clearly showed the portal trunk with intrahepatic branches above 3～4 orders, the main splenic vein, and the main mesenteric veins with parts of its branches. CO 2 disappeared from the intrahepatic portal vein over 2～3 minutes. In one animal, the left renal vein and the inferior vena cava were also displayed by CO 2 through communication between splenic vein and renal vein. After removal of the needle, there was small amount of bleeding at the puncture site which ceased spontaneously over 3～5 minutes. In all animals, no extravasation of CO 2 at the puncture site, no subcapsular dissection or intrasplenic hematoma was observed. Microscopically, the splenic capsule appeared intact and there was no evidence of subcapsular hematoma formation.Conclusions Portal CO 2-DSA with fine needle splenic puncture is feasible, safe and efficient. In normal adult rabbit, CO 2 may help to visualize the left renal vein and inferior vena cava through communication between splenic and renal vein.

Objective To understand the female sex workers and floating population in Yuzhong district of AIDS intervention effect ,To provide the basis for future planning of AIDS intervention in high-risk population .Methods 2011 in Yuzhong area ,By questionnaire survey and serological testing on 400 FSWs and 400 floating population .Results The rate of knowledge about AIDS among female sex workersis was 91 .75% ,higher than the floating population(73 .5% );female sex workers and floating population in a recent condom use rates was 74 .25% and 74 .71% ;the rate of condom insist to use was 48 .25% and 39 .08% ;the rate of Hiv prevalence was 0 .50% and 0 .75% .Conclusion To further increase the female sex workers and floating population coverage of in-terventions ,the role of a bridge cut off the high-risk groups in AIDS transmission of sexual contact ,and has important significance to the spread of AIDS control in Yuzhong District .