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Objective To compare three kinds of double-dosimetry algorithms used in estimating interventional radiology worker's effective dose.Methods TLDs were put in the Alderson Radiation Therapy Phantom (ARTP) dressed with lead apron,lead cap and lead collar.TLDs were put on the front left chest inside the lead apron and on the left outside lead collar,respectively.Radiation scattering models,intensity-modulated radiotherapy body model at one time and CT dose detection model at another time,were put on the operating table.The ARTP was set at the major operator's position exposed to the Xray,mimicking the real interventional radiology operation.Effective doses were estimated on the basis of organ absorbed doses.Effective doses were also obtained by the use of three kinds of double-dosimetry algorithms.The later three effective doses were compared with the first one.Results Two groups of effective doses were obtained,with each including four data.For intensity-modulated radiotherapy body model,effective doses were 0.138 mSv for phantom method,0.097 mSv for NCRP algorithm,0.161 mSv for Niklason's algorithm and 0.173 mSv for Boetticher's algorithm,respectively.For CT dose detection model,effective doses were 0.018,0.013,0.019 and 0.026 mSv,respectively.The result obtained by using the Niklason's algorithm was the closest to that by using phantom method.Conclusions Niklason's algorithm is more accurate and more practical in eatimating interventional radiology worker's effective dose.

With the low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) widely applied in screening for early-stage lung cancers recently, positive rates of Ground-Glass Opacity (GGO) are gradually increased. Many professional researchers believe GGO has a close relationship with the early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, consequently, qualitative diagnosis and early treatment of GGO plays a signiifcant role in improving the diagnostic and survival rates of patients with early-stage lung cancer. Since relative imaging diagnosis, location methods and surgical approaches of GGO have been reported a lot by domestic and overseas researchers, our reviews would mainly focus on the diverse research progress of molecular biology of GGO in the past several years.

Arterioportal shunt often occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma of advanced stage, with obvious decrease of the survival rate. The proper management of arterioportal shunt correlates directly with patient's prognosis. This comprehansive article reviews the interventional management of arterioportal shunt for hepatic carcinoma from literatures during recent years. (J Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 312-314)

Objective To introduce a patent: The assembled equipment of external counterpulsation with an oxygen mask in the treatment of ischemic diseases that has been opened by the national property right bureau of knowledge.Methods Based on the current equipment,oxygen was provided with a mask along with external counterpulsation.Results It could enhance blood stream as well as the blood oxygen rate.Conclusion Assembled equipment of external counterpulsation with oxygen mask can enhance cure speed and rate in the treatment of ischemic diseases.

Objective Surgical treatment is the first choice for treatment in pituitary adenomas except for prolactinomas?In part of patients after operation would occur hypopituitarism,which with acute adrenal crisis is the most serious, and chronic adrenal insufficiency is different degree affects the patient's quality of life?Therefore,it is very important to accurately assess the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal( HPA) axis in patients with pituitary adenoma?But there is still a lack of reliable methods for evaluating adrenal axis?We reviewed the harm of adrenal insufficiency,HPA axis evaluation method of the new progress and postoperative glucocorticoid replacement treatment of new ideas, cleared the importance of reassessment and regular follow?up and the development of individual programs.

Objective To apply the membrane technology for purifying rough cordyceps polysaccharides solution,the optimal operation condition and effective cleaning method were researched.MethodsTo mainly analyze the flux of membrane and its recovery.Results The optimal experiment operation condition obtained is 60℃,pH value 7-8,and pressure 0.3-0.4 MPa,by which the polysaccharides recovery was about 30%,more than by traditional ethanol extraction,and the most impurities as infusibility substance and protein colloid etc.were taken out.Moreover,the flux of membrane recovery can be above 90% after 80℃ water and 1% NaOH solution was alternately used to wash the fouling membrane under intermittent little back-pulsing. Conclusion The process of membrane technology purifying rough cordyceps polysaccharides is simpl and feasible.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which is a member of MMP family, can degrade extracellular matrix. During the early stage of cerebral ischemia, MMP-2 degrades endothelial tight junction and basal lamina resulting in the opening of blood-brain barrier. During the late stage, MMP-2 promotes neurovascular regeneration and the recovery of the damaged brain tissue.

Objective To review the effect of endothelial cells in the tumoral invasion miroecosystem(TIMES) and the progress of recent research in this field. Methods The relative references of TIMES, including investigative background, main components, differences compared with the tumor microenvironment, and effect of endothelial cell are studied systematically. Results The TIMES is considered as a naturally integreted functional unit which is composed of cell communities and host environment during the process of tumoral cells invading, it is an ecosystem at both cellular and molecular level. Being different from TIMES, the term of tumoral microenvironment means the environment conditions for the existence of tumor cells, it is a kind of constructive system, not including tumor cell itself, and not possessing the regulation of ecosystem. The main elements of TIMES include tumor cell communities, host cell communities, and their enviroment(extracellular matrix), among them the endothelial cell communities are the most important host communities. The main effect of endothelial cells on the TIMES is the trophic links between tumor cell communities and endothelial communities, which froms a material cycle, including nutritional and matrix cycyles. The tumoral invasion and metastasis result from the continuous rebuilding of trophic links between tumor cell communities and endthelial cell communities.Conclusions The endothelial cell regulates TIMES by its trophic links with tumor cell communities. To block the links between tumor cell communities and endothelial cell communities might be the one of the key factors in tumoral treatment.