Objective Toobserve the effect of exercise combined with alendronate sodium tablets (Ain) on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Methods A total of 90 6-month-old female SDrats were evenly randomized into sham group, OVX group, Ain treatment (OVX+Aln) group, exercise therapy (OVX+EX) group, and Ain combined with exercise treatment (OVX+Aln+EX) group. Eight weeks after ovariectomy, rats in the latter three groups were treated with intragastric 1 mg/(kg • d) Ain and/or exercise. After 12 weeks of treatment, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to examine the bone mineral density (BMD) of the left and right femurs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the serum levels of RANKL and OPG. Real-time PCR was used to examine RANKL and OPG mRNA expression in bone tissues. Western blotting analysis was used to examine the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) » p38 MAPK (p38), extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Fos protein expression in bone tissues. Results The following resultswere observed after 12-week treatment. (1) Compared with sham group, the BMD values of the lett and right femurs were significantly decreased in OVX group (P<0. 05). The serum RANKL level was significantly increased, serum OPG level was significantly decreased, and the RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly increased (all P<0. 05). The RANKL mRNA expression was significantly increased and OPG mRNA expression was significantly decreased in bone tissues (all P<0. 05). (2) ComparedwithOVX group, the BMD values of left and right femurs of OVX+Aln, OVX+EX and OVX+Aln+EX groups were significantly increased (all P<0. 05). The serum RANKL level was significantly decreased, serum OPG level was significantly increased, and the RANKL/OPG ratio decreased (all P<0. 05). The RANKL mRNA expression was significantly decreased, and OPG mRNA expression was significantly increased in bone tissues (all P<0. 05). The femoral BMD values, serum RANKL and OPG levels, and RANKL and OPG mRNA expression in bone tissues in OVX+Aln+EX group were significantly different from those in OVX+Aln group and OVX+EX group (all P<0. 05). (4) Compared with sham group, bone tissue p-JNKand c-Fos expression in OVX group was significantly increased (all P<0. 05). However, compared withOVX group, bone tissue p-JNK and c-Fos expression in OVX+Aln, OVX+EX and OVX+Aln+EX groups was significantly decreased (all P<0. 05), and there were no significant differences among the latter three groups. p-p38 and p-ERK expression was similar in all groups. Conclusion Exercise combined with Ain can improve the BMD values of left and right femurs in OVX rats, which may be related to the regulation of RANKL/OPG balance and inhibition of JNK phosphorylation and c-Fos expression.

Background and purpose:Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a peptide that participates in many biological processes by stimulating the downstream signaling pathways through their interaction with IGF-1 re-ceptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (IR). Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of functional proteins which participate in the biological processes of proliferation and migration in many kinds of cancers and have become a hot area of cancer research. The study aimed to investigate the effects of silencingIGF-1R gene on the expression level ofBMP2 gene, and the cell proliferation and apoptosis of SMMC7721 cells.Methods:The RNAi plasmid targetingIGF-1R gene was constructed and transfected into SMMC7721 cells. Then the inhibition effect on the expression level of IGF-1R and BMP2 gene was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The SMMC7721 growth curve and cell apoptosis were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry after they were transfected with RNAi plasmid.Results:The RNAi plasmid targetingIGF-1R gene was constructed successfully. The inhibition efficiencies at mRNA expression levels were 68.9% and 80.7% (IGF-1R gene), 79.5% and 83.3% (BMP2 gene), respectively, after transfection with IGF-1R-siRNA-1 and IGF-1R-siRNA-2 plasmid (P<0.05). The inhibition efficiencies at protein levels were 46.1% and 62.1% (IGF-1R gene,P<0.05), 42.5% and 60.9% (BMP2 gene,P<0.05), respectively. The results of MTT growth curve showed that the proliferation rate in the transfected SMMC7721 cells was significantly slower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of apoptotic cells in transfected groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:SilencingIGF-1R gene can downregulate the expression ofBMP2 gene at different levels that results in inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of apoptosis in SMMC7721 cells.

〔Abstract〕 In a response to problems and needs in the current daily work of the blood purification center , the intelligent service plat-form for the patient -oriented blood purification centers should be constructed .The design philosophy , composition and basic functions of the platform are introduced in the paper .This platform can meet the needs of the patient -oriented service , improve work productivity , standardize the medical process and save social resources .

Objective To explore the effectiveness of the fallopian tubes embolization for the hydrosalpinx before in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET).Methods The fallopian tubes embolization was performed on 46 hydrosalpinx patients-Fimt the hysterosalpingography was performed to show the positions and shape of the hydrosalpinx.Then the hydrops was drawn into the celiac cavity in order to be absorbed after performing fallopian tube recanalization. Finally,transv(o)ihal therapy was performed,putting the embolization microcoils into the fallopian tube through a micro-catheter.One month after the fallopian tubes embolization,hystemsalpingography was conducted to check for the effectiveness of the embolization.After 3 months.all the 46 patients received the treatment of IVF-ET,Results The interventional treatment of 82 fallopian tubes obtained one time success among 46 cases of fallopian tubes embolization.Among them,obvious results were achieved in 72 fallopian tubes,taking up 88%0f tIle total;effective results were seen in 10 fallopian tubes.accounting for 12%0f the total.No one was invalid.In the same period,compared with the 91 cases of non-hydrosalpinx as the control group.the embolization group of patients achieved a higher fertilization rate(69%),and clinical pregnancy rate(41%),compared with the control group(63%and 39%respectively),but without a significant difference(P>0.05).However,the ectopic pregnancy rate(O)and the abortion rate(8%)were significantly lower than the control group(8%,16%respectively;P<0.05).Conclusions Fallopian tubes embolization used in hydrosalpinx treatment before IVF-ET is an innovative approach,simple,safe,economical,with no negative impact on ovarian functiorr It can significantly increase the clinical pregnancy rate and prevent the occurrence of tubal pregnancy.It is a feasible and effective method.

The present study was to examine the effect of iron on isolated rat aortic rings, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. The thoracic aortic rings without endothelium of male Sprague-Dawley rats were mounted on a bath system. Isometric contractions of aortic rings were measured. The results obtained are as follows. (1) Ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) (100 micromol/L) caused a phasic response with an initial transient contraction followed by a relaxation in thoracic aortic ring. The maximal contractile amplitude was 24.02+/-2.37% of the maximal contraction induced by KCl, the duration of phasic contraction lasted for about 20 min. (2) In high Ca(2+) Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) solution (twice of the normal concentration), the contractile amplitude induced by FAC was enhanced. After the aortic rings were incubated with nifedipine for 15 min to block the L-type Ca(2+) channel, the iron-induced contraction was attenuated. (3) In Ca(2+)-free K-H solution, addition of FAC caused a strong and sustained contraction in the presence of PDBu. (4) Pretreatment of FAC for 30 min decreased the KCl-induced contraction and also caused a significant reduction in the contractile response to phenylephrine (PE). Pretreatment of the arteries with DMSO, catalase or glutathione before FAC exposure prevented the decrease in contraction responses to PE (P<0.05). It is therefore concluded that iron causes phasic contraction of vascular smooth muscle, in which both extracellular Ca(2+) entry through L-type Ca(2+) channel and increase in Ca(2+) sensitivity of smooth muscle cells are involved. Exposure to iron causes inhibitory effects on KCl- or PE-induced contractions in isolated thoracic arteries. Reactive oxygen species and glutathione may be involved in iron-induced contraction dysfunction.
Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; physiology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; metabolism ; Ferric Compounds ; pharmacology ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; In Vitro Techniques ; Iron ; pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; drug effects ; physiology ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Vasoconstriction ; drug effects ; physiology

Objective To compare the biomechanical properties of Gamma3 and InterTan nails in the fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. Methods Twelve synthetic femora of 4th generation were randomized into 4 equal groups ( n=3 ) for assessment of the 2 constructs of fracture fixation ( Gamma3 versus InterTan nails ) . Groups A and B were made into models of stable femoral intertrochanteric fracture (AO/OTA type 31-A1. 1) and groups C and D into unstable ones(AO/OTA type 31-A2. 3) . The biomechanical properties of Gamma3 and InterTan nails in the 4 models were tested and compared. Results For stable fracture models, the fracture gap movement increased with the increasing axial load and the torque increased with the increasing torsion angle. There were significant differences between groups A and B in fracture gap movement and torque ( P <0. 05 ) . There was no significant difference between groups A and B in failure load ( 5, 855. 5 ± 627. 8 N versus 5, 547. 1 ± 365. 4 N ) ( P > 0. 05 ) . For unstable fracture models, there were no significant differences between groups C and D in fracture gap movement when the axial loads were 500 N, 600 N or 700 N ( P > 0. 05 ) , but there was a significant difference between the 2 groups when the axial load was larger than 800 N ( P <0. 05 ) . With the increasing torsion angle, the torque increased in groups C and D. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in the torque at the same torsion angle ( P <0. 05 ) . There were a significant difference between groups C and D in failure load ( 2, 781. 5 ± 600. 6 N versus 3, 150. 5 ± 633. 8 N ) ( P=0. 007 ) . Conclusions For stable femoral intertrochanteric fractures, InterTan and Gamma3 nails may exhibit similar biomechanical properties. For unstable femoral intertrochanteric fractures, InterTan nails may provide obviously better biomechanical stability than Gamma3 nails.

Objective To explore the human brain spleen tyrosine kinase(Syk)expression and its correlation with CyclinD1 level.Methods Forty-six glioma samples,confirmed by pathology and performed surgical resection in our hospital from January 2005 to January 2010,including 13 of grade I,9 of grade Ⅱ,5 of grade Ⅲ and 19 with glioblastoma multiforme of grade IV,were chosen; another 5 normal brain tissues from patients with cerebral trauma were chosen as controls.RT-PCR was employed to detect the mRNA levels of Syk and CyclinD 1; and their correlation was analyzed.Results As compared with the normal brain tissues,gliona tissues of grade Ⅰ,l,Ⅲ and IV enjoyed significantly lower mRNA level of Syk and obviously higher mRNA level of CyclinD 1(P＜0.05).The mRNA level of Syk was significantly decreased with the increase of pathological grades,while the mRNA level of CyclinD1 was in the opposite position (P＜O.05); Expression level of Syk in gliomas was negatively significantly correlated with that of CyclinD1(r=-0.832,P--0.000).Conclusion Decreased or missed Syk expression in glioma might suggest that it may have a tumor suppressor gene function,which might be related to decreased expression of CyclinD 1 in glioma.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the species and percentage changes of pathogens in blood cultures from the pediatric hematology ward, and to analyze the drug resistance of main pathogens and the risk factors for positive blood culture (sepsis).

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed to analyze the species and drug sensitivity of the pathogens isolated from 2358 blood cultures from the pediatric hematology ward of the West China Second University Hospital between 2008 and 2011, as well as the related clinical data.

RESULTSA total of 110 strains of pathogens were isolated, with Escherichia coli (16 strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 strains) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (8 strains) being the most common ones. From 2008 to 2011, the percentage of Gram-positive bacteria decreased, while the percentage of Gram-negative bacteria increased. The detection rates of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were 69% and 43% respectively, but both were sensitive to vancomycin. The detection rates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae were 69% and 62% respectively, but both were sensitive to imipenem and meropenem. Malignant tumor was a risk factor for positive blood culture (OR=3.564, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSA wide range of pathogens are responsible for bloodstream infection in the pediatric hematology ward and the percentages of bacteria are changing; these pathogens have a high drug resistance rate. Malignant tumor is a risk factor for positive blood culture in the pediatric hematology ward.

Adolescent ; Bacteremia ; etiology ; microbiology ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of bridging fixation with locking plate for the Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture.

METHODSFrom March 2009 to September 2014,18 cases of Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture were treated by open reduction and bridging fixation with locking plate through proximal and distal approach including 16 males and 2 females with an average age of 41 years old ranging from 22 to 67 years old. Among them, 12 cases caused by traffic accident, 5 cases by falling, 1 case by heavy aboving. All cases were fresh and closed fractures. Time between injury and operation was from 4 to 9 days with an average of 6.2 days. Of them, 11 cases were fixed with reverse LISS and the other 7 cases were fixed with anatomical locking plates of proximal femur.

RESULTSThe mean time of operation was 110 min (ranged from 90 to 155 min). The mean blood loss during operation was 425 ml (ranged from 350 to 650 ml) and 16 cases got blood transfusion which was meanly 300 ml. The mean hospital time was 14 days (ranged from 12 to 18 days). The mean duration of followed up was 11.8 months (ranged from 8 to 22 months). The mean time of bone union was 6.6 months (ranged from 5 to 8 months). There was not any complication such as infection, implant failure, hip varus, external rotation deformity of low limb or fat embolism. The Sanders hip scores were 53.22 ± 6.48, the result was excellent in 12 cases and good in 6 cases at the last follow-up.

CONCLUSIONUnder the principle of biological osteosynthesis, treatment of Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture with bridging locking plate fixation has such advantages as high mechanism, less interference of blood supply, stable fixation and little complication. It is a safe and idea way for the treatment of the Seinsheimer type V subtrochanteric femoral fracture.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the activity of esterases, including butyrylcholinesterase (BchE), carboxylesterase (CarbE), paraoxonase (PonE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and to explore the effect of genetic polymorphism on the activity of esterase for workers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs).

METHODSTwo hundred and forty-one long term OPs directly exposed workers and 151 indirectly exposed workers in the same factory were taken as study group. One hundred and sixty unexposed persons were taken as control group. The activity of serum enzymes was measured and the polymorphic distribution was detected using 7900 genotype detecting system and CMOS Chip technique. The effect of long-term exposure to organophosphorus pesticides was analyzed.

RESULTSThe activities of BchE, CarbE and PonE were independent on the gender or age in control group. Average values of Carb and BchE activities of directly and indirectly exposed workers were lower than those in control group respectively. PonE activity in directly exposed group was lower than that in control group. AChE activity in directly exposed group was lower than that in indirectly exposed group. All the differences were significant (P < 0.01). In the direct exposure group, the frequency of three variants of butyrylcholinesterase gene K (BCHE-K) polymorphism was 74.3%, 24.1% and 1.6% for UU, UK and KK respectively. Frequency of allele U and K was 0.863 and 0.137 respectively in the same group. Frequency of three variants of PON192 polymorphism was 15.0%, 45.5% and 39.5% for AA, AB and BB respectively in direct exposure group. Gene frequency of low activity (PON*A) and high activity (PON*B) was 0.378 and 0.622 respectively. Frequency of three variants of PON55 polymorphism was 96.2%, 3.8% and 0% for MM, LM and LL respectively in direct exposure group. Frequency of allele M and L was 0.981 and 0.019 respectively in the same group. The activity of PON was different in various genotypes of PON192 and PON55.

CONCLUSIONThe long-term exposure to OPs could inhibit the activities of CarbE, BchE, PonE and ACh E in different level. The genetic polymorphisms of PON192 and PON55 affect the activity of PonE, which is related to the detoxification of OPs and health impact.

Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Adult ; Alleles ; Aryldialkylphosphatase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Butyrylcholinesterase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carboxylesterase ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; adverse effects ; Pesticides ; adverse effects ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide