Hp phenotypes were determined by polyacrylamide disc-electrophoresis in sera from 555 individuals of Han population in Kunming. HP phenotype frequencies were simillar to that of Shanghia, Quandong Han Population and the other six phenotypes (1-p,2-1F, F K etc) could be detected in Kuming population by the same method.

BACKGROUND:Three-dimensional printing technique has been applied in medical fields since it was invented in the end of 20th century. Recently it has been widely used in manufacturing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To review the basic concept of the scaffold for bone tissue engineering, the basic requirements for three-dimensional printing technique in scaffold engineering, different materials used in bone tissue engineering, the advantages and limitations of three-dimensional printing technique and the outlook of three-dimensional printing technique applied in manufacturing scaffold for bone tissue engineering. METHODS: The first author did a computer-aided retrieval of the MEDLINE database, Science Direct database, CNKI database, and CQVIP database for articles relevant to three-dimensional printing technique used in manufacturing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering published between January 1990 and February 2015. The key words were three-dimensional printing, tissue engineering, rapid prototyping technology, scaffold, materials in English and Chinese, respectively. Repetitive studies were excluded, and 33 of 52 related literatures were adopted in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional printing technique has many advantages such as high resolution, high velocity and the freedom to build unlimited geometries. There are some requirements for the powder and binder used to construct bone tissue engineering scaffolds using the three-dimensional printing technique, such as the flowability, stability and wettability. A wide range of materials can be used: synthetic and natural polymers, ceramics, as wel as composites of the aforementioned. Various kinds of powder take responsibility of different features of scaffolds, resulting from the advantages and disadvantages of different materials. Although this technique has some limitations such as high cost and the difficulty of commercial production, its application stil has a bright future.

Objective To study the haplotype diversity of DYS390、DYS393、DYS437、DYS438、DYS439、DYS447、DYS448、DYS460、H4 loci in 216 unrelated individuals in Han ethnic group of Kunming city,Yunnan province.Methods The DNA were extracted with Chloroform,phenol methods or Chelex-100 method.STR-PCR,Non-denaturing polyacylaminde gel electrophoresis and Sliver staining and ABI377 sequencer were carried out for study.216 undividuals were collected from Han ethnic group in Kunming city.Results 216 types of haplotype were detected from 9 STRS.Every haplotype frequence was detected at 0.0046,GD=1.00005934437,The lowest arrangement of the repeat units was detected at 0.0046.S E=1.25?10-9。Conclution The 9 Y-STRs loci of Kunming people are highly polymorphic and are powerful means in determination of identify and paternity for forensic practice.

Serious and/or continuous cerebral hemodynamics disorder is the main cause of neonatal brain injury.Monitoring its changes by using simple,accurate and effective techniques has guiding significances in maintaining the stability of neonatal cerebral hemodynamics.This paper aims to introduce several cerebral hemodynamic monitoring techniques,including color Doppler ultrasound,near infrared spectroscopy,noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging,and provide references to the clinical application in neonatal field.

Objective To investigate the current prevalence of depressive disorder and the associated factors in pa?tients with essential hypertensive from cardiovascular divisions of tertiary general hospitals. Methods A Chinese version of Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) Axis I Disor?ders was conducted by five mental health professionals on 876 essential hypertensive outpatients at cardiovascular divi?sions of tertiary general hospital. Data on the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of these hypertensive pa?tients were also collected. Results The current prevalence of depressive disorders among essential hypertensive outpa?tients of tertiary hospitals was 16.6%(145/876). Risk factors for depressive disorders in hypertensive patients included fe?male gender (OR=2.817, 95%CI:1.161~6.885), being 65-year-old and older (OR=1.747, 95%CI:1.118~2.688), non-marital status (OR=2.023, 95%CI:1.203~3.398), gradeⅢhypertension (OR=1.776, 95%CI:1.226~2.333) and car?diovascular diseases (OR=2.018, 95%CI:1.427~2.587). Conclusion Essential hypertensive outpatients, who receive med?ical services at cardiovascular divisions of tertiary general hospital, have high prevalence of depressive disorders. Clini?cians should pay more attention to the mental health of outpatients with essential hypertension.

Animals ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To investigate the changes of soft and hard tissues after extraction space closure with micro-screw implant as orthodontic anchorage. Methods Twenty cases were selected randomly with the first premolars extraction. Micro-screw implant was used as orthodontic anchorage. Sliding technique was used to close the extraction space. The lateral cephalograms before and after the treatment were evaluated.Results The upper incisors moved 7. 15 mm palatelly, 1. 63 mm intruded. The upper first molar moved 0. 80 mm distally, 1. 80 mm intruded. The lower incisors moved 4. 65 mm distally, 0.48 mm extruded. The lower first molar moved 0. 18 mm mesially, 1.18 mm extruded. A point, B point, upper lip, lower lip showed distal movement. Conclusions Micro-screw implant can provide acceptable and reliable anchorage in the process of extraction space closure, and improve the profile. Besides, it produces skeletal change on the maxilla.

Female ; Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; diagnosis ; Male ; Reference Standards ; Skin Temperature ; physiology ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: The mechanism of central fatigue is unclear at present.The cumulation of lactic acid can play an important role in the central fatigue. Whether lactic acid can affect the neuronal functions, leading to the fatigue, needs to be examined.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of lactic acid on the survival rate of primary neurons cultured from neonate rat cortex.DESIGN: Single sample observation SETTING: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science MATERIALS: Totally 40 Wistar neonate rats (within one day) provided by Experimental Animal Center of Academe of Military Medical Science were used in this study.METHODS: This experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science from October 2003 to May 2004. Primary neurons in added , and the pH value was decreased to 7.35,7.15,6.95 and 6.00,acid was added , and the pH value was kept at 7.35 , then the survival rate of neurons were observed. We analyzed the effect of lactic acid on neuron whether through down regulating pH value or the role of lactic acid.different concentrations of lactic acid and the same pH value on viability regulating pH value and lactic acid on neuron.pH. When PH values were 7.35,7.15,6.95 and 6.00, the survival rate of concentrations of lactic acid were 0,5,10 and 20 mmol/L,pH value was constantly kept at 7.35. Viabilities of neurons were 100%, 88%, 82%,81%, respectively, with significant difference as compared with control was significan tly lower than that of corresponding lactic acid group.CONCLUSION: A close relationship exists between pH decrease induced by lactic acid and viability of neurons. Excess lactic acid can have a toxic effect on neurons independently of t on the changes in levels of pH.

Objective To achieve millisecond grade precision in the design model of event-related fMRI experiment.Methods The impact factors of time precision were analyzed,and solutions were put forward.Results The parameter of E-Prime(a software dedicated to psychology study) was adjusted to get millisecond precision.Conclusion General computer is very difficult to achieve millisecond grade due to software and hardware factors,but it can be achieved through adjusting the parameter of E-Prime.