Poly ADP ribose polymerases (PARP) play an important role in DNA damage repair and genome stability.So,PARP inhibitors can inhibit the DNA damage repairing of tumor cells and enhance the sensitivity of the DNA of tumor cells to damage factors.In recent years,PARP inhibitors have been more and more concerned.PARP inhibitors can kill tumor cells with certain genetic mutations alone by synthetic lethal effect.In addition,PARP inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy can increase the sensi tivity of tumor cells to the chemotherapy or radiotherapy.PARP inhibitors are expected to play an important role in cancer therapy.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness and safety of angioplasty and stenting (CAS) for treatment of high-risk symptomatic carotid arterial stenosis. Methods: A total of 20 patients with high-risk symptomatic carotid arterial stenosis were treated with CAS. Among them, 12 were men and 8 were women, mean age 69 years (62 to 76 years). Of the 20 patients, 11 had TIA and 9 had cerebral infarction. All patients underwent pan-cerebral angiography and it showed that the rate of carotid arterial stenosis >70% according to the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) criteria. Among them, 9 patients had unilateral severe carotid arterial stenosis (2 had restenosis after carotid endarterectomy), 6 had bilateral severe carotid arterial stenosis, 5 had unilateral carotid artery occlusion and contralateral severe stenosis (1 was after nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy). The cerebral protection device and pre-dilation were used in all patients, and the self-expandable stents were used after the pre-dilation. Results: The success rate of the procedure was 100%. The rate of residual stenosis was <30%. AU patients had different levels of transient decrease of heart rate and blood pressure after the procedure. One patient had microembolic infarction, and no other serious complications were found. No other ischemic stroke occurred in the periprocedural period. The reexamination of carotid artery ultrasound after the procedures showed that the stenosis were improved obviously. Conclusion: CAS is less invasive and its perioperative complications is rare. It is safe and effective for treatment of high-risk symptomatic carotid arterial stenosis.

The incidence rate of erectile dysfunction (ED) is reportedly as high as 30-90% after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, which seriously affects the patients' quality of life. Penile rehabilitation is defined as the use of any drug or device at or after radical prostatectomy to maximize erectile function recovery. A variety of treatment options are available for post-prostatectomy ED patients, including oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5I) , intracorporal injections, vacuum erection device, and penile prosthesis. This article presents an overview of the currently used methods for the drug treatment and penile rehabilitation of the ED patients after radical prostatectomy. It seems proper to recommend daily use of a vacuum erection device plus oral PDE5I in the early postoperative period. For those who fail to respond to this therapy, intraurethral alprostadil, intracorporal injections, or a penile prosthesis could be considered.
Alprostadil ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Penile Prosthesis ; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Prostatectomy ; adverse effects ; Quality of Life ; Recovery of Function ; Vacuum

ObjectiveTo evaluate portal vein chemotherapy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombi(PVTT).MethodsFourty five HCC patients with tumor thrombi in the main portal vein or the first branches undergoing surgical resection were divided into two groups receiving postoperative intraarterial and intraportal chemotherapy (21 cases), and intraarterial chemotherapy only (24 cases).ResultsThe survival rates of 6,12,18 months was 86%, 76% and 48% in the treatment group compared with 75%, 58% and 33% in the control group respectively. There were significant difference between the two groups.Conclusion Hepatectomy for HCC with removal of tumor thrombi and transcatheter hepatic arterial and portal vein chemotherapy is an effective treatment for HCC with PVTT.

Background and purpose:Surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) is useful in helping to identify the molecular changes closely related to renal cell carcinoma. We explored the different expression of sera protein between human renal cell carcinoma patients and normal to screen renal cancer-specific biomarkers. Methods:The protein mass spectrometry of 28 cases with renal cell carcinoma and 28 normal persons were detected by WCX2 protein chip combining with SELDI-TOF-MS technique for screening the different proteins. Serum samples from 28 patients with clear renal cell carcinoma and 28 normal persons were used to detect biomarkers for clear renal cell carcinoma by SELDI-TOF-MS technique with WCX2 Proteinchip. Results:170 effective protein wave crests between 1.5?103-30?103(1.5-30 kD) were detected. Seven proteins were specifically detected in sera of patients with clear renal cell carcinoma, but not in normal donor. The proteins with MW 4.098,5.917,6.643 ?103 were down-regulated ,and four proteins with MW 5.572,6.344,6.529,8.518 ?103 were up-regulated. Conclusion:Detection of specific protein in human renal cell carcinoma sera is significant both for determination of clinical specific biomarkers and study of cancer development mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy for ureteral calculi after failed extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy(ESWL).Methods A total of 89 patients with ureteral calculi were treated by ureteroscopic holmium YAG laser lithotripsy after failed ESWL.Among them,69 cases were complicated with ploypi or calculi surrounded by granuloma tissues,which were melted by holmium laser simultaneously;4 cases were complicated with distal ureteral stenosis,and received open surgery for resection of the stenotic segment.Results Of the patients,calculi were fragmented by one operation in 81 cases.The success rate was 91%.67 cases were stone free in one week and 14 cases in two weeks.In 4 cases,calculi were flushed into the pelvis,and were cured by open surgery.Conclusions Ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is an effective and safe method for ureteral calculi after failed ESWL.It should be used as the first choice for the disease.

Objective To investigate the effects of the donor age on the growth of human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs) in vitro. Methods HMSCs were isolated by using density gradient centrifuge method from 39 donors of different ages (7 to 79 years old), and cultured in vitro. The adhesive cells were preserved to passage, then their growth and proliferation capability were determined. Results The hMSCs from younger donors showed a stronger capability of proliferation compared with the hMSCs from older donors. Conclusion The proliferation capability of hMSCs decreased with aging. The results have significant implications for the proposed clinical application of hMSCs.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of TNF and IL 2 recombinant adenoviruses via intra arterial injection on metastatic liver cancer in rat model. Methods Recombinant adenoviruses harboring hTNF ? or hIL 2 gene were amplified in 293 cells and subjected to titration by the pathogenetic effects on 293 cell. The rats bearing metastatic liver cancer of Walker 256 breast carcinoma were randomly grouped and administered via gastra intestinal artery with hTNF ? recombinant adenoviruses alone, or hIL 2 recombinant adenoviruses alone, or at the dose of 1.0?10 9 pfu/rat. The therapeutic effects were observed including their survival time. Results The prepared recombinant adenoviruses of hTNF ? and hIL 2 were with the titers of 2.0?10 9 pfu/ml and 2.1?10 9 pfu/ml, respectively. 1.0 ?10 9 pfu hTNF was the proper dose. Administration of hTNF ? or hIL 2 recombinant adenoviruses via hepatic artery could extend the survival time of metastatic liver cancer bearing rats, with the better therapeutic effects achieved by combinatorial administration of these two adenoviruses. Conclusion Arterial administration of adenoviruses may be an effective approach to targeted immunogene therapy for cancer.

Objective To investigate the gene transfer efficiency and lasted time in rat organs by hepatic artery injection with LacZ reporter gene recombinant adenoviruses. Methods Seven groups of rats were injected with Ad.LacZ (2?10 9 pfu/ml) and two groups of rats were injected with PBS 1 ml as control separately through gastra intestinal artery, and liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were gotten at 12 hrs, 18 hrs, 72 hrs, 7 day, 14 day, 21 day, and 28day, respectively. X gal staining was used to check up expression of LacZ gene. Results Expression of LacZ gene was detected in liver 12 hrs after injection, but none were done in spleen, lung, and kidney. Up to 21days, LacZ gene expressed in liver, but the gene expression lasted for only 14 days in spleen, lung, and kidney LacZ gene was not detected in the two control groups in all organs at 7 day. Conclusion When recombinant adenovirus was administrated through hepatic artery, the introduced gene expressed preferentially in liver. This result was the basis of intraarterial administration of cytokines gene to treat liver tumor.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of selective portal vein embolization (SPVE) in treatment of liver tumor in rats and to provide the groundwork for its future clinical applications. Methods 24 healthy rats underwent the embolization. Pre and post SPVE portogram and liver chemical profile were obtained. Four rats were sacrificed at 10 min, 7,14, 21 and 28 days respectively following follow up portography. The liver, heart, lungs and kidneys were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Fifteen rats implanted with Walker 256 tumor sized from 3 to 10 mm in liver were scanned with MRI and portography pre SPVE taken. Post SPVE 3 rats were examined with MRI for each group at the same interval as above and the lives were examined microscopically. Results (1) The blood flow to the target portal branches were immediately halted after SPVE. These vessels remained occluded without collateral formation up to 28 days. (2) The liver indexes and BUN level increased after embolization, but returned to normal within 21 d. Macroscopic and microscopic changes were not found in the heart, lungs or kidneys. (3) In the healthy rats, the affected segment was atrophic and the remaining liver underwent compensatory hypertrophy. Histologic examination revealed that the targeted portal veins were coagulated, the endothelium were degenerated and the local hepatocytes were necrotic after embolization. (4) In the rats with implanted liver tumor, the affected segment including the tumor was necrotic and atrophic. The tumors were completely necrotic, and no viable tumor cell was seen under microscope in 12 among the 15 rats. Three tumors 10 mm in diameter were not completely necrotic. Part of tumor cells were still alive and infiltrated into the surrounding liver. Conclusion SPVE with ethanol is effective in the treatment of small liver tumor in rats. However,in case of bigger tumors involving several segments, SPVE should be combined with other treatment.