Stem cells refer to undifferentiated or inad equately differentiated cells that have the ability to become a variety of tissues,regenerate organs,and self expand.There is strong evidence that stem cells have abilities of self renewal differentiation,immune regulation,and a potential for targeted therapy,which all together support development of stem cell transplantation.Stem cell transplantation thera py has become a hot topic in recent years,and the basic theory and clinical application have made great progress.The a bilities of stem cells make their transplantation ideal to pro mote liver regeneration,inhibit liver fibrosis,and provide treatment for many diseases.This article will review the cur rent status and outlook of stem cell transplantation.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of monitoring the tumor's hypoxic changes by 99Tcm-2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl) ethyl eihydrogen phosphate (MNLS) imaging after radiotherapy.Methods (1) H22 cells were cultured and mice model with liver cancer xenografte was made.The mice were imaged at 0.5,1,2,3,4,6 and 8 h (six mice in each group) after injected with 7.4 MBq 99TcmMNLS when the tumor size reach about 1 cm.Then the mice were sacrificed.The T/NT and ％ID/g of each time point was calculated.(2) The liver cancer bearing mice of radiotherapy group (25 Gy) and control group were imaged at 0,24,48 h,and then the technique of ROI was adopted to calculate the T/NT at each time point in the two groups.Immunohistochemical stain method was used to evaluate the expression level of HIF-1α in liver cancer.(3) One-way analysis of variance,the least significant difference t test,two-sample t test and Spearman correlation analysis were performed.Results (1) The uptake of 99TcmMNLS in the liver cancer bearing mice was significant at 2 h after injection and the ％ID/g was the highest.99Tcm-MNLS was excreted mainly through kidneys.(2) The T/NT and HIF-1α expression level in radiotherapy group at 24 h (2.65±0.27,(50.62±3.78)％) were lower than those at the instant (3.35±0.19,(85.32±0.94)％,t=5.640,6.701,both P＜0.05),but higher than those at 48 h (2.23±0.52,(21.69±0.75)％,t=7.674,4.911,both P＜0.05).The T/NT and HIF-1α expression in the radiotherapy group were significantly higher than those in the control group at the instant (2.74 ± 0.29,(28.26 ± 1.70) ％,t =4.235,3.473,both P＜0.05) but lower at 48 h (3.15±0.88,(67.64±3.55) ％,t =7.902,3.258,both P＜0.05).However,no significant difference was observed at 24 h between radiotherapy group and the control group (2.98±0.16,(58.45±0.98) ％,t =0.525,2.043,both P＞0.05).The change of T/NT closely correlated with the expression of HIF-1α in both the radiotherapy group and control group(r,=0.793,0.756,both P＜0.05).Conclusion 99Tcm-MNLS hypoxia imaging has potential to monitor changes of hypoxia in tumor after radiotherapy.

Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles ; therapeutic use ; Hypertension ; blood ; drug therapy ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; blood ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Tetrazoles ; therapeutic use ; Urotensins ; blood

AIM: To establish the quality standard for Zhike Pingchuan Capsule (Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Semen Pruni Armeniacae, Radix Scutellariae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, etc.). METHODS: Radix Panacis Quinquefolii, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae in Zhike Pingchuan Capsule were identified by TLC and ginsenoside Rb_1 was determined by HPLC. The analysis was carried out on C_~18 column by HPLC. The mobile phase was CH_3CN-H_2O(34∶66). The flow rate was 1.2 mL?min~-1 and the detection wavelength was at 203 nm. The column temperature was at 40.0 ℃ and sensitivity was 0.02 AUFS. RESULTS:The average recovery was 97.20% and RSD was 2.25% and the linear range of ginsenoside Rb_1 was in 0.612-~6.120 ?g. CONCLUSION:This method is simple, rapid with a good reproducibility. This method can be used for the quality control of Zhike Pingchuan Capsule.

al from abroad, which have no reports in China. METHODS: The dissection of flexor policis longus tendon and flexor policis brevis muscle and the medial and extensor halucis longus, flexor policis longus, adductor muscle and abductor halucis muscle cross head and oblique head, medial and lateral head of flexor policis brevis muscle and flexor halucis longus tendon and the extensor halucis longus tendon. These parameters included length, width, thickness, cross-sectional area, lateral heads, extensor halucis longus muscle and tendon and the transverse head of adductor policis muscle and the oblique head, abductor policis brevis from the left leg and foot of fresh female specimens was performed. The cross-sectional area and length located in a fixture were measured and calculated for each sample. Sample loading was done, and one sample was measured four times to gather strength limit, maximum load data, and the load displacement curve. According to Hooke’s law, the elastic modulus of each specimen was calculated. al from abroad, which have no reports in China. METHODS: The dissection of flexor policis longus tendon and flexor policis brevis muscle and the medial and extensor halucis longus, flexor policis longus, adductor muscle and abductor halucis muscle cross head and oblique head, medial and lateral head of flexor policis brevis muscle and flexor halucis longus tendon and the extensor halucis longus tendon. These parameters included length, width, thickness, cross-sectional area, lateral heads, extensor halucis longus muscle and tendon and the transverse head of adductor policis muscle and the oblique head, abductor policis brevis from the left leg and foot of fresh female specimens was performed. The cross-sectional area and length located in a fixture were measured and calculated for each sample. Sample loading was done, and one sample was measured four times to gather strength limit, maximum load data, and the load displacement curve. According to Hooke’s law, the elastic modulus of each specimen was calculated. Abstract BACKGROUND:Currently, the material parameters of foot three-dimensional finite element models are almost OBJECTIVE:To preliminarily measure the parameters of foot muscle and tendon materials in Chinese people. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Relevant measurement data were harvested from nine samples, including the maximum loading, ultimate strength and elastic modulus test.

Objective To explore the influence of different injection techniques on the quality of bolus in 99mTc-DTPA renal dynamic imaging.Methods 395 patients accepted 99mTc-DTPA renal dynamic imaging were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into three groups according to injection techniques:direct injection group (187 cases),intravenous route injection group (84 cases)and venous indwelling needle injection group (124 cases).The three groups were injected by each technique.Areas of interest (ROI) were drawn on abdominal aorta by Xeleris workstation in blood flow perfusion imaging.The time-radioactivity curves of ROI were got.The patients whose ROI curve formed a peak was successfully injected,and did not formed was unsuccessfully injected.The number of patients in three groups who were successfully or unsuccessfully injected was respectively calculated.The data of three groups was taken Chisquare test by SPSS17.0 software.Results 174 patients of the direct injection group,46 of the intravenous route injection group and 115 of the venous indwelling needle injection group were injected successfully.The successful rate respectively was 93.0％,54.8％ and 92.7％.The successful rate of the direct injection group and venous indwelling needle injection group were higher than intravenous route injection group.The difference had statistical significance.The successful rate of the direct injection group and venous indwelling needle injection group hadn't statistical significance.Conclusions The successful rates of the direct injection group and venous indwelling needle injection group were similar.The venous indwelling needle injection technique can be chosen.The successful rate of the intravenous route injection group was lower than the other two groups.The intravenous route injection technique should be chosen prudently.

Objective To detect the variations of the serum α-MSH and TNF-α in multiple-trauma patients and discuss their role in severity of casualties.Methods Fifty casualties were divided into two groups for study.There were 30 casualties with moderate severe trauma(ISS 16 ～ 25 point)and 20 patients with extreme severe trauma(ISS ＞ 25 point),and another 15 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls.The blood samples were obtained within 24 hours,and 3 days,5 days,7 days after admission.The serum levels of α-MSH and TNF-α in casualties with multiple injuries were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent double antibody sandwich method(ELISA).The data were expressed in((x)± s),and analyzed with chi-square test and repetitive measures of ANOVA by using SPSS 13.0 package.P value less than 0.05 indicated statistical significance Results The serum α-MSH levels of casualties within 24 hours,and 3 days,5 days,7 days after injury in the two groups were much lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.01),while the serum TNF-α levels of casualties were much higher than those in the control group (P ＜0.01).The serum α-MSH levels of casualties with extreme severe traumawere lower,and the TNF-αlevels of casualties with extreme severe trauma were higher than those in patients with moderate severe trauma(P ＜0.01,respectively).There were negative correlations between two biomarkers 24 hours,5d and 7d after injury.Conclusions In casualties,the serum levels of α-MSH decreased and the serum levelsof TNF-α increased,and the degrees of changes were closely depended on the severity of trauma,the more severe the more significant changes.There was a negative correlation between two biomarkers.

Objective To efficiently builds up and expand breast cancer cells from cancer tissue and to identify their biological properties , provide abundant materials for research and personalized medicine .Methods Feeder cell layer and ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 were employed to faciliate the breast cancer cells;CCK-8 was used to determine the proliferation of the breast cancer cells; Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry; Histochemistry ( FH) assay to show the expression level of CK .The mRNA expression of HER-2, ER, PR and the breast cancer stem cell associated molecules (such as CD44, CD24, etc.) were detected by RT-PCR;STR assay was used for identifying verification of the cells .Results The use of feeder cells and Y-27632 facilitates rapid expand of the original breast cancer cells , and the cells have kept the original features of the tumor .Conclusions To use the method could obtain a large number of cells within a short time , which can promptly be used for the research of per-sonalized medicine .

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of radionuclide salivagram in children with pulmonary aspiration.Methods From March 2012 to June 2015,a total of 62 patients (37 males,25 females;age range:2 d-14 years) with suspected pediatric aspiration pneumonia were enrolled in this retrospective study.All patients underwent gastroesophageal reflux (GER) imaging and(or) radionuclide salivagram.Detection rate of pulmonary aspiration by the two imaging techniques was compared with x2 test.Results Of 62 patients,14 were diagnosed as pulmonary aspiration,including 1 detected by GER imaging,and 13 detected by salivagram.The detection rate for pulmonary aspiration by radionuclide salivagram (26.0％,13/50) was significantly higher than that by GER imaging (3.1％,1/32;x2=7.211,P＜0.05).Eight of the 13 cases with pulmonary aspiration diagnosed by radionuclide salivagram underwent upper gastrointestinal radiography,and 5 cases had visible contrast agent in the airway.Conclusion Radionuclide salivagram has a higher detection rate for pulmonary aspiration compared to GER imaging,and has good concordance with the traditional upper gastrointestinal radiography.

BACKGROUND:Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine minimaly invasive treatment for halux valgus based on wrapped curtain method with “8”-shaped bandage and sub toe pad external fixation has been used for a long time in the clinic. This method abandons the internal implant fixationandexternal plaster fixation. After surgery, patients could take care of themselves. However, theactivity of the broken end may cause fracture nonunion, which once aroused scholars’ question. Recently, with the continuous improvement of foot biomechanics research, foot finite element model and applications become a reality.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate thestability of osteotomy after the operation of wrapped curtain method with“8”-shaped bandage and sub toe pad external fixation on the basis of static finite element method.
METHODS:A young female volunteer with halux valgus was selected, whose body weight was 58 kg, and right foot halux abductor valgus angle was 24°; intermetatarsal angle was 13°; proximal articulator set angle was 7°; distal articulator set angle was 7°. CT was used to scan the right foot. ABAQUS software was applied to establish a finite element model of right foot halux valgus bone, and model of the first metatarsal neck minimaly invasive osteotomy was simulated based on wrapped curtain method with external fixation. Von Mises stress and displacement at the osteotomy endwere calculated.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The maximum stress was 0.067 MPa without external fixation, and the maximum stress was 1.258 MPa with the external fixation. Stress was mainly distributed in the outer edge of the osteotomy. (2) The maximum absolute displacement was 0.363 mm without external fixation, and the maximum absolute displacement was 0.716 mm with external fixation. The two largest displacements were both in the Z-axis direction. Statistical analysis confirmed that the four nodes absolute displacement and stress were significantly different (P< 0.01). (3) The maximum relative displacement was 0.101 mm. The maximum relative displacement was 0.046 mm with external fixation. The maximum relative displacement without external fixation was-0.102 mm and occurred in the Z-axis. The maximum relative displacement with external fixation was 0.110 mm and occurred in the Y-axis. (4) One-way analysis of variance confirmed that the four nodes relative displacements were not statisticaly significant in X-axisand Y-axis (P> 0.05). The four nodes relative displacements were statisticaly significant in Z-axis (P< 0.05). (5) These findings suggest that the external fixation based on wrapped curtain method after halux valgus surgery could effectively reduce osteotomy displacement. The moderate stress and elastic fixation are conducive to fracture healing.