Calcium metabolism and the transepithelial Ca2+ active transport play important roles in many basic physiological processes,such as neurotransmission,excitation-contraction coupling, vesicular secretion. Placenta is a link between maternal and fetal,transiting all the nutritions from maternal to the fetus.The syncytionbophoblast express many sorts of calcium channels/transporters and exchangers, such as voltage-dependant Ca2+ channels, transient receptor potential channels, store-operated Ca2+ channels, calcium-binding proteins, plasma membrane Ca2+ -ATPases, Na + / Ca2+ exchanger, which exhibit specific distribution and physiological properties. Therefore, this review focuses on the tissue expression and functional properties of channels, transporters,and exchangers in syncytionboph-oblasts.

Osteoporosis is a common systemic metabolic bone disease, which is mainly characterized by low bone mass and damage of bone microstructure, resulting in increased bone fragility and fracture. With the aging of China's population, osteo-porosis and osteoporotic fracture are seriously threatening people's health. The current status of diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in China, the role of OPG-RANKL-RANK signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, and the research progress of denosumab in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis were studied to provide reference for the clinical practice of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of liver function for cases of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration indications to identify the exploration negative and positive.Methods Grouped the 270 cases of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration according to the negative and positive exploration,analyzed differences between groups,analyzed diagnostic value of every index,and established scoring system and evaluate the diagnostic value.Results The liver function index ALT(P =0.003),AST (P =0.039),ALP(P ＜ 0.001),GGT (P ＜ 0.001),TB (P =0.031),DB (P =0.003),gender (P =0.002),ultrasound results (P =0.001) had differences between the groups.The best cutoff value index of liver function:ALT (33.5 U/L),AST (38.5 U/L) and ALP (87.5 U/L),GGT (34 U/L),TB (16.00 U mol/L),DB (4.00 U mol/L);The diagnostic value and the 95％ confidence interval for each indicator:ALT 0.649 (0.563 ～ 0.736),0.600 (0.510 ～ 0.691) AST,ALP 0.673 (0.596 ～ 0.750),GGT 0.674 (0.592 ～ 0.755),TB (0.489 ～ 0.656),0.572 DB 0.652 (0.568 ～ 0.737).The highest diagnostic value was value scoring system diagnosis,the diagnostic value of the best cutoff value and 95％ confidence interval were 0.741 (0.662 ～0.820).The positive predictive value was 70.2％,negative predictive value was 65.9％.Conclusion The scoring system with liver function,gender and ultrasound findings established chnical reference value for identifying those who do not need the common bile duct exploration from cases of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration indications.

Objective:To study the effect of smoking on the semen quality,the level of serum testosterone and L-carnitine in seminal plasma.Methods:90 men,who had the history of pregnancy individual,were divided into three groups.Semen parameters(volume,sperm density,viability,motility),serum testosterone and L-carnitine were examined.Results:There are significant difference between A and C group about sperm density and the percentage of progressive motile spermatozoa,and between B and C group about motility,and between A and C about serum testosterone,and between A and B about the level of L-carnitine,especilly between A and C group(P

Objective:To develop the method of detecting the level ofHey1 expression_the target gene of Notch signaling pathway in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,using real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.Methods:The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (C2C12) were cultured and the total RNA was extracted.And then the amplification efficiency was verified between the reference gene ?-actin and the target gene Hey1.To optimize the PCR conditions and analyse amplification curves and melting curve before validation of quantitatve PCR products with gel electrophoresis.Results:The reference gene?-actin and the target gene Hey1 have the same amplification efficiency(slope difference of the amplification curve

Objective:To establish a solid phase extraction(SPE)and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC)method for the determination of tetrazanbigen in liver.Methods:Tetrazanbigen in liver samples was determined after a C18 solid phase extraction on a Lichrospher C18 column at 260 nm with an isocratic mobile phase of 90%methanol in 100 ml methanol -deionized water(pH 6.5),containing 0.1%triethyl amine.The flow rate was set at 1.0 ml/min.Results:The linearity was good over the concentration range of 2～20?g/ml(r=0.9 993).The average recovery and RSD were 106.47%and 3.0%respectively.The lower limit of quantification was 1.0?g/ml.Conclusion:The method is simple,accurate and can be used to determine the TNBG concentration in liver and study its metabolism.

Objective:To prepare Xiao'er re'qing Massage Gel and establish a quality control method.Methods:The principal agent was the extractive of Bupleurum chinense and Radix Scutellariae,Carbomer was the base.Qualitation identification of the principal agents such as Bupleurum chinense,Ramulus Cinnamomi,etc.were performed by TLC,the content of baicalin was detemined by HPLC.Results:The gel was yellow and delicate semiliquid.The TLC spots were clear,the linear range of baicalin was 0.1-0.9?g,the average recovery was 99.40%.Conclusion:The preparation of the gel was simple,the gel was stable and its quality can be controlled.

A sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary (SST) is an extremely rare benign solid ovarian tumor,which is derived from the ovarian stroma and is a distinct subtype of sex cord-stromal tumor.It can not just be diagnosed accurately by routine preoperative physic-chemical examinations and postoperative immunohistochemical examinations.Recently,the application of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has improved diagnostic accuracy,but the final diagnosis relies on pathological examination.Compared with the traditional way of oophorectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy,the laparoscopic removal of SST will improve future success of pregancy.Besides,SST is an obvious endemic problem.Therefore,an increase in preoperative diagnosis rate of SST can avoid casual extension of resection during surgery and protect patients' fertility.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of NO and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways in the spinal cord in naloxone-induced withdrawal response in morphine-dependent rats.Methods Ninety male adult SD rats weighing 200-250 g in which IT catheters were successfully implanted without complication were randomly divided into 9 groups (n ＝ 10 each):group control (group C); group morphine dependence (group MD); group morphine withdrawal (group MW); group N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (eNOS inhibitor) (L-NAME group) ; group 7-nitroindazole (nNOS inhibitor) (group 7-Ni) ; group aminoguanidine(iNOS inhibitor) (group AG); group U0126 (ERK signaling pathway blocker); group cremophor (solvent for 7-Ni) and group DMSO (solvent for U0126).Morphine dependence was induced by increasing doses of subcutaneous morphine for 6 days.The initial dose of morphine was 10 mg/kg twice a day and was increased by 10 mg/kg twice every other day until 50 mg/kg on the 6th day in groups MD,MW,L-NAME,7-Ni,AG,U0126,cremophor and DMSO.Morphine withdrawal response was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) naloxone 4 mg/kg at 4 h after last morphine administration in groups MW,L-NAME,7-Ni,AG,U0126,cremophor and DMSO.L-NAME 400 μg,7-Ni 400 μ g,AG 400μg,U0126 150 μg,cremopher 10 μl and DMSO 10 μl were administered IT at 30 min before naloxone administration in groups L-NAME,7-Ni,AG,U0126,cremophor and DMSO respectively.Morphine withdrawal response (0 ＝ no withdrawal response,3 ＝ severe response) and touch evoked agitation (0 ＝ no agitation,2 ＝ severe agitation) were observed and scored during 1 h after naloxone administration.The animals were then sacrificed and the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of iNOS,nNOS and phosphor-ERK (p-ERK) by immunohisto-chemistry and Western blot.ResultsMorphine withdrawal significantly increased withdrawal response score and touch evoked agitation score in group MW as comparedwith group MD.L-NAME,7-Ni,AG and U0126 pretreatment significantly attenuated naloxone-induced increase in withdrawal response score and touch evoked agitation score in groups L-NAME,7-Ni,AG and U0126 as compared with group MW.Morphine withdrawal significantly up-regulated the nNOS and iNOS expression in group MW compared with groups C and MD.L-NAME,7-Ni and AG pretreatment significantly down-regulated p-ERK expression in groups L-NAME,7-Ni and AG as compared with group MW.ConclusionThe interaction between NO and ERK signaling pathways may be involved in morphine withdrawal response in morphine-dependent rats.

Objective To investigate the intervention methods of patients with high-risk and complicated carotid artery stenosis. Methods Twenty-five patients with high-risk and complicated carotid artery stenosis were treated with stenting During the procedure, they used the individualized therapeutic programs, including the implantation of temporary cardiac pacing, ev3 filter, combination of predilation and postdilation, guiding catheter (coaxial technique), staged angioplasty and stenting, and multiple stent implantations. Results The technical success rate of the 25 patients was 100%. The symptoms disappeared or improved in 21 patients (84%). The intraoperative dislodgement of emboli occurred in 1 patient. Transient ischemic attack occurred in 1 patient. No patients died. Conclusions Treatment with stenting in patients with high-risk and complicated carotid artery stenosis is safe. The preoperative evaluation of risks, the use of intraoperative individualized treatment programs, and the postoperative standardized management are the preconditions for ensuring efficacy.