Small renal calculus can be localized by B-mode ultrasonography form nine areas,four sections and three dimensions.Monitoring of its position is helpful in the detection and treatment of this conmon but not easy to be diagnosed disease.

Objective To establish a culture system in vitro of fetal and adult human retinal neural cells provide a model for the basic research of retinal neural cells and the medicinal exploitation. Methods Fetal human retinas(10~13 weeks after conception) and adult human retinas(20~40 years old) were dissected, dissociated, and put into culture plate which was coated with polylysine or rat tail gel. Specific growth factor EGF?FGF? BDNF or NT-4 were added to the culture medium. BrdU incorporation, Tunnel assessment and immuno-histochemistry and immuno-fluorescent staining were applied to determine cells proliferation, apoptosis and identify the component of cultured cells. Results Fetal human retinal cells and adult human retinal cells survived for up to 100 and 180 days in vitro. The addition of EGF?FGF? BDNF or NT-4 promoted the survival of both fetal and adult retinal neurons and stimultated proliferation of fetal retinal cells. The neurons or the rate of ganglion cells was observed with higher percentage in the group with growth factor adding than the group without. Conclusion Fetal and adult human retinal cells can be maintained in vitro and the fetal cells also can be expanded, which are helpful to generate retinal neurons for basic research and drug exploitation. The exogenous growth factors added to the culture medium can promote survival, proliferation and differentiation of retinal cells in culture.

Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of amygdalin in Semen Pruni. Methods The analytical column was Supelco ODS Cis column {4.6 mm ? 250 mm, 5 ?m), with methanol-water (20 : 80) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 210 nm. Results The linear range for amygdalin was 0.06613～4.232 ?g (r=1.0000). The average recovery was 95.91% (RSD=2.29%). Conclusion The method is accurate and reliable, and can be used in the determination of amygdalin in Semen Pruni.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of SPECT,TCD and BAEP to vertebral basilar artery ischemia vertigo Methods 100 cases of vertebral basilar artery ischemia vertigo were inspected by SPECT,BAEP and TCD All the results were analyzed and compared Results Among 100 cases, it shows that the diagnostic rate of SPECT is 80 percent,BAEP is 58 3 percent and TCD is 78 percent Conclusion SPECT is found having the highest diagnostic rate,it sensitively and accurately reflects the position of cerebral ischemia Although BAEP having the lowest diagnostic rate, it can still effectively shows Brain Stem Ischemia Comparing with SPECT and BAEP, TCD is simple and convenient to carry out It sensitively reflects the conditions of cerebral vessel and cerebral blood stream,but it is insensitive to make sure the position Therefore, three of them offer the valuable,external and diagnostic proof to vertebral basilar artery ischemia vertigo,and they can have a role of inter reinforce

Aim To observe the influence of emodin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats, and explore its protective mechanisms. Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, sham operation group, model group, low-dose inter-vention group, high-dose intervention group and pred-nisone group. Each group included 10 animals. Rats in the latter 4 groups were intratracheally administered with bleomycin to establish pulmonary fibrosis model. From the second day, rats in low-and high-dose inter-vention groups were intragastrically treated with 2 mL of 20 and 80 mg · kg-1 emodin, respectively. Predni-sone group were intragastrically administrated with 2 mL of 5 mg·kg-1 prednisone acetate. However, con-trol and model groups were treated with 2 mL of normal saline. All rats were sacrificed on day 28. Pulmonary tissues were then removed, and HE and Masson stai-ning were performed. The contents of hydroxyproline ( HYP ) , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , superoxide dis-mutase ( SOD) , glutathione-peroxidase ( GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in pulmonary tissues were measured. Serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) , interleukin ( IL )-6 and IL-17 were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) . The expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 ( Keap 1 ) , nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 in pulmo-nary tissues was analyzed using Western blot. Results The pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in low-and high-dose intervention as well as prednisone groups was significantly improved when compared with model group ( P<0. 05 , 0. 01 ) . In comparison with normal control group or sham operation group, pulmonary HYP and MDA contents, Nrf2 and NF-κB p65 expression levels in the nucleus, and serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 were increased ( P <0. 01 ) , but pulmonary SOD, GSH-Px and CAT contents and Keap 1 expression levels in the cytoplasm were de-creased ( P <0. 01 ) in model group. Upon treatment with low-and high-dose emodin or prednisone, pulmo-nary HYP and MDA contents, Keap 1 expression levels in the cytoplasm, NF-κB p65 expression levels in the nucleus , and serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 were reduced while pulmonary SOD, GSH-Px and CAT contents and Nrf2 expression levels in the nu-cleus were enhanced as compared to model group ( P<0. 01 ) . The above indicators were significantly im-proved in high-dose intervention and prednisone groups compared with low-dose intervention group ( P <0. 05). Nevertheless, There was no significant differ-ence between high-dose intervention group and predni-sone group ( P >0. 05 ) . Conclusion Emodin may protect against rats with pulmonary fibrosis by enhan-cing antioxidative ability and inhibiting inflammatory response.

BACKGROUND: The number of roots and morphology of the root canal system of permanent mandibular first molars vary greatly among different populations; therefore, it is important to be familiar with the variations in the root and root canal for the location and negotiation of the canals. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variations in the roots and root canal of permanent mandibular first molars in the Han population of southwest Shandong Province by cone-beam CT. METHODS: 656 patients undegoing cone-beam CT examination at the Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, from September 2012 to October 2015 were recruited, and all patients had healthy, well-developed, and untreated bilateral permanent mandibular first molars with normal appearance. Subsequently, the three-dimensional reconstruction based on cone-beam CT data was performed using Planmeca Romexis software to observe the variations in the root and root canal system of permanent mandibular first molars in the Han population of southwest Shandong Province. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among 1312 permanent mandibular first molars, the incidence of permanent mandibular first molars with three roots was 70.66% (927/1312); the majority of root canal variations involved two roots and three root canals, accounting for 48.09% (631/1312). The incidence of distal root was 35.37% (232/656), the incidence of distal root was 29.34% (385/1312) in total teeth, and the incidence of distal root bilaterally was 68.95% (153/232). There was a significantly increased incidence of distal root on the right side than on the left side (P < 0.05), and the incidence in the male was significantly higher than that in the female (P < 0.05). These results suggest that most of Han populations in southwest Shandong Province have permanent mandibular first molars with two roots, and the root canal variations mainly involve two roots and three root canals, with the high incidence of distal root. Moreover, cone-beam CT is available for detecting the variation in roots and root canal system, which can provide references for root canal treatment.

Objective To develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of evaluation criterion for continuing health education in very low birth weight premature infants.Methods The literature review,theoretical analysis,qualitative research and Delphi technique were conducted to identify the evaluation criterion for continuing health education.The reliability and validity of evaluation criterion was tested in 112 parents of very low birth weight premature infants.Results The evaluation criterion which was based on the frame of KABP Model and Nursing Outcomes Classification as well as Nursing Interventions Classification consisted of 3 projects with 29 specific items.The content validity index for the scale was 0.950.Three common factors were extracted by the principal components extraction analysis and the cumulative contribution rate was 49.70％,73.25％ and 46.90％ respectively.The Cronbach' s alpha coefficient was 0.934,the retest reliability was 0.865 and the ICC was 0.940 for the total scale.Conclusion The evaluation criterion for continuing health education in very low birth weight premnature infants has good reliability and validity and can be used as a measurement tool for health education effect of continuing health education.The design of the scale provides basis for making transitional care model as well.

Colonic Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Digestive System Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Humans ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Rectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To investigate effect of transforming growth factor β3(TGFβ3)on expression of MMP-9,MMP-2,TIMP-1 and collagen I in rats with liver fibrosis through transduction by recombinant adeno-associated virus 2(rAAV2).Methods Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group,model group,negative control group and TGFβ3 group.Liver fibrosis model was induced by hypodermic injection of 40% CCl4.rAAV2-TGFβ3,was injected via vena caudalis of the rats one week before CCl4 Was given.All rats were sacrificed and the liver tissues were taken 8 weeks afler injection of CCl4.The histopathological changes were observed on HE sections;the expressions of MMP-9,MMP-2,TIMP-1 and collagen I were examined by histochemistry and the positive area rates were semi-quantitatively analyzed.Results Compared with the model group and negative control group,the decreases of inflammatory infiltration and collagen fibers hyperplasia were observed in the TGFβ3 group,and the expression of MMP-9 increased(q=23.664,27.746,P<0.01),the expression of collagen I(q=5.503,5.251,P<0.01)and TIMP-1(q=5.800,8.608,P<0.01)decreased,but that of MMP-2 was not changed(q=2.1 08,0.996,P>0.05).Conclusion rAAV2-TGFβ3 can reduce the histological damage and degree of liver fibrosis in rats by inhibiting expression of TIMP-1 and collagen I,and upregulating expression of MMP-9.

Objective To summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of the duodenal polys.Methods 14 patients of duodenal polys admitted between 1987 and 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Clinical manifestations were melena,epigastric discomfort, abdominal pain,weight loss and abdominal distention.The ratio of correct diagnosis were 60% with duodenal endoscopy,56% with upper gastrointestinal radiography and 44% with CT.Most duodenal adenomas located at the second portion of the duodenum.8 duodenal adenomas turned into carcinoma and 2 cases recured in a year after operation.Conclusion Duodenal endoscopy and upper gastrointestinal radiography were effective for diagnosis of duodenal polys.Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)helps to improve the diagnosis of the leions in submucosa.It should pay attention to the treatment of doudenal adenomas actively.The surgery remained the mainstay of the treatment.It needed attention for the screening and treatment of the duodenal adenomas.