Neurodegenerative disease is characterized by progressive loss of neurons in specific brain regions that results in neuronal dysfunction of the central nervous system. Although the pathological mechanism is not fully established, the activation of glial cells mediated neuroinflammation appears to be involved. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is originally described as intracellular chaperone, which plays an important role in protein quality control in cells. However, recent study showed that up-regulation of HSP70 had anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. HSP70 protected neurons from damage and improved neurological function by decreasing inflammatory response as indicated by inactivation of glial cells and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine release. So it is of great significance to find new compounds targeting at HSP70 as neuroprotective agents to delay the progress of neurodegenerative disease. This review will focus on the role of HSP70 in neuroinflammation and the recent advances in using HSP70 as a target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
Brain ; physiopathology ; Cytokines ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; physiology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; pathology ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; physiopathology ; Neurons ; pathology ; Neuroprotection ; Up-Regulation

Objective To study the expression of CD44v6 in non-small-celt lung cancer and significance in judgement of prognosis.Methods CD44v6 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer tissues was detected in 62 patients with lung cancer operation in 1995-2002 year by immunohistohemistry method.Results The positive rate of CD44v6 in NSCLC was 61.3%,which was related to lymph node metastasis and 3-year survival rate in patients,but not to cell differentiation,pathological sort and TNM stage.Conclusion The positive expression of CD44v6 may be involved in lymph node metastasis and survival rate in NSCLC patients.It might be useful to evaluate the possibility of cancer metastasis and prognosis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of sevoflurane combined with remifentanil on intraoperative related indica-tors and quality of postoperative recovery in patients with general anesthesia. METHODS:52 patients with elective abdominal sur-gery were randomly divided into observation group and control group. All patients were treated with etomidate 0.3 mg/kg+atracuri-um 0.5 mg/kg+remifentanil 1μg/kg for anesthesia induction;then observation group was received sevoflurane by inhalation and con-trol group was propofol by infusion. The SBP,DBP,HR and BIS in 2 groups were recorded before anesthesia induction(T0),after anesthesia induction(T1),time of intubation(T2),skin incision(T3),10 minutes after establishing pneumoperitoneum(T4),end of pneumoperitoneum(T5) and extubation(T6),respectively. Operation and anesthesia duration,recovery time and extubation time, MMSE score and incidence of adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS:SBP and HR in T6 and DBP in T4-6 in 2 groups were sig-nificantly higher than T0 of same group,BIS in T1-5 was significantly lower than T0,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),however,there was no significant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). Recovery time and extubation time in observa-tion group were significantly lower than control group(P<0.05),there was no significant difference in the operation and anesthesia duration between 2 groups(P>0.05). MMSE scores in 2 groups were significantly lower than before after 0.5 h and 1 h of extuba-tion,and control group was lower than observation group(P<0.05 or P<0.01);MMSE scores in 2 groups were significantly high-er than 0.5 h and 1 h after extubation(P<0.05),however,there was no significant difference between 2 groups and before(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Sevoflurane combined with remifentanil has satisfactory anesthesia,sevoflurane has better controllability,with good safety.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of cardiac involvement in children with mitochondriopathies.Methods The clinical data of 23 children with mitochondriopathies were reviewed.The changes of electrocardiography,echocardiography and heart enzymes were analyzed.Results In 15 cases of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy,lactic acidosis,and stroke-like episode(MELAS syndrome),electrocardiography was performed on 9 cases,6 of them showed abnormal electrocardiographic findings,including right bundle branch block,ST-T change,Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome,et al.On echocardiographic examination in 9 MELAS syndrome ca-ses,only 1 case showed hypertrophy cardiomyopathy.Six cases had increased plasma creatine kinaseMB(CK-MB) mass and only one of 12 MELAS syndrome cases had increased cardiac troponin I(cTnI) level.In 8 cases of subacute necrotizing encephalomyopathy(Leigh syndrome),electrocardiography was performed on 5 cases,4 of them showed abnormal electrocardiographic findings,including sinus tachycardia,ST-T change and low voltage.Two cases showed normal electrocardiography.Three out of 6 cases with Leigh syndrome showed increased plasma CK-MB mass.The molecular genetic examinations were performed in 13 cases of MELAS syndrome and 6 cases of Leigh syndrome.The mitochondrial DNA nt 3243 A→G mutation was found in white blood cells of 9 MELAS syndrome cases,the mutation rate being 37%-60%.The mitochondrial DNA nt 8993 T→C mutation was found in white blood cells of 2 Leigh syndrome cases.Conclusion In children with mitochondriopathies,myocardiac involvement is comparatively common,and even cardiomyopathy can occur.

The ideal treatment and recovery of osteoarticular injury remain to be resolved. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS), a naturally-occurring decellularized extracellular matrix, has been recognized as an ideal scaffold for tissue engineering and widely used in repairing various tissues and organs. Nowadays its application has also been gradually increased in the field of orthopedics. We reviewed laboratorial studies and clinical trails about the application of SIS in bone and joint repair, aiming to evaluate its effects on the repair of bone, cartilage, meniscus, ligament and tendon. SIS has showed promising results in repairing bone, meniscus, ligament or tendon. However, additional studies will be required to further evaluate its effects on articular cartilage and tendon-bone healing. How to optimize SIS material,is also a focused problem concerned with making SIS a potential therapeutic option with high value for orthopedic tissue repair.
Animals ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; cytology ; Intestine, Small ; cytology ; Joint Diseases ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Tissue Engineering ; instrumentation ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo explore correlation between lung and large intestine and the two meridians under pathological condition in the view of meridian theory.

METHODSNinety-six cases of bronchial asthma were applied palpation at the running course of 12 regular meridians under the elbow and knees and back-shu points. And abnormal reactions were recorded, the affected meridians and back-shu points were discovered.

RESULTSThe abnormal reactions most frequently appeared on the Lung Meridian, followed by the Large Intestine Meridian, the Spleen Meridian, the Liver Meridian, the Stomach Meridian and the Triple Energizer Meridian. And the unusual reaction of the back-shu points most frequently appeared on Feishu (BL 13), and Dachangshu (BL 25) and Pishu (BL 21) followed as the next two.

CONCLUSIONThe existence of correlation between the Lung Meridian and the Large Intestine Meridians under pathological condition can be proved through meridian and acupoint palpation on bronchial asthma patients.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asthma ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Intestine, Large ; physiopathology ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the wall elasticity of carotid artery and the effect of hyperlipidemia on carotid artery elasticity in children.Methods Fifty-seven healthy children and 23 children with hyperlipidemia matched for age and sex were involved in the study.The pressure-strain elastic modulus(E?),stiffness parameter(?) and arterial compliance(AC) of carotid artery were measured by Aloka echo-tracking system.Correlations between age,blood pressure and E?,?,AC were analyzed in healthy children,respectively.Results In healthy children,age,systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were positively correlated with E? and ?,and negatively correlated with AC.E? and ? significantly increased in children with hyperlipidemia compared to those in healthy children,and AC obviously decreased.Conclusions Hyperlipidemia might decrease the wall elasticity of carotid artery in children.Age and blood pressure are also factors affecting carotid artery elasticity in children.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2006,21(3):142-143

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy between continuous and intermittent androgen deprivation in high risk prostate cancer.Methods Sixty-four patients with high risk prostate cancer were treated from January 2008 to April 2009,36 cases who accepted goserelin and bicalutamide were taken as intermittent hormonal therapy (intermittent treatment group),while 28 cases who accepted bilateral orchiectomy in addition to flutamide were regarded as continuous hormonal therapy (continuous treatment group).The comparison of tumor specific mortality,time of prostate specific antigen (PSA) to nadir,tine to PSA recurrence,serum testerone and quality of life score were assessed between the two groups.Results In continuous treatment group and intermittent treatment group,follow-up period was (26.4 ± 10.3) and (28.1 ± 8.7) months,the time of PSA to nadir was (3.8 ± 2.1 ) and (4.0 ± 3.6) months,the time to PSA recurrence was (20.1 ± 12.3) and (24.5 ± 14.6) months,respectively.There was no significant difference between the two groups.At the time of 18,24 and 30 months after therapy,serum testerone was 0.85,0.88,0.89 μg/L in continuous treatment group,while 1.21,1.36,1.48 μg/L in intermittent treatment group,respectively (P ＜ 0.05 ).Similarly,quality of life score was 38.7,40.5,39.8 scores in continuous treatment group,while 49.2,51.4,52.3 scores in intermittent treatment group at the time of 12,18 and 30 months after therapy,respectively (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Clinical efficacy could not been found between continuous and intermittent endocrinic therapy of prostate cancer.During intermittent,quality of life seems to be better and increases in accordance with serum testerone recurrence at given time.

A nest RT-PCR/restriction test has been developed in order to distinguish the lapinised vaccine strain from field isolates of classical swine fever virus. The restriction enzyme cut sites mapping of the major coding sequence of E2 gene lapinised vaccine strain and ShiMen strain of classical swine fever virus have been compared. Ten and sixteen unique restriction markers have been found in the lapinised vaccine strain and ShiMen strain. The restriction enzyme cut sites mapping of the twenty six unique restriction marker in the major coding sequence of E2 gene of 17 classical swine fever field isolates have been analyzed. Only 3 sites (HgaI、Hin8I及Hsp92I) are present in the lapinised vaccine strain sequence. Two pans of nested primers and a criteria of analysis have been designed for HgaI restriction marker site. The tests have been conducted first on the lapinised vaccine strain and ShiMen strain of classical swine fever virus resulting in predicted restrection patterns. Finally, the tests have been applied to 5 field isolates of different gene group analyzed by phylogenetic study. The result showed that only HCLV strain gene can be cut to 2 fragment by Hgal , and ShiMen strain and 5 field isolates cant be cut At the same time the sensitivity and specificity of nest RT-PCR have been tested. The sensitivity is 0. 2MLD. The specific fragment of BDV and BVDV were not obtained by the nest RT-PCR. These results showed that the development of the nest RT-PCR/restriction tests is very important for the control and perish of classical swine fever in china.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium. Methods The MICs of six fluoroquinolones(norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,ofloxacin,levofloxacin,gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin) against 35 clinical isolates of E.faecium from eight hospitals in Tianjin were determined by agar dilution method in the absence or presence of multidrug resistance efflux pump inhibitor reserpine.The quinolone-resistance determining region(QRDR)of parC and gyrA were amplified and sequenced.Results No less than twofold decrease in MIC values of the six fluoroquinolones in the presence of reserpine was observed in 35,29,1,0,6 and 2 of the 35 strains of E.faecium respectively.One fluoro- quinolone-susceptible isolate and five fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates were selected randomly to analyze the QRDR of parC and gyrA.All five fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates had single amino acid alteration in both GyrA and ParC.Ser-80 in ParC was substituted by lie(4 isolates)or Arg(1 isolates).Glu-87 in GyrA was replaced by Lys(2 isolates)or Gly(2 isolates). The other one had an Ser-83-to-Ile substitution.The one fluoroquinolone-suseeptible isolate had no alteration in the QRDR of either ParC or GyrA.Conclusions Both target alteration and active efflux are responsible for the resistance to fluoroquinolone in clinical isolates of E.faecium.