This study aimed to investigate viral infections and the prevalence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Shijiazhuang, China, in 2011 and to provide a scientific basis for the diagnosis and control of respiratory tract infections. Throat swab specimens were collected from 483 cases of ILI who were outpatients in the influenza surveillance sentinel hospitals in Shijiazhuang between January and December 2011. All specimens were examined by multiplex RT-PCR for the following 15 respiratory tract viruses: adenovirus (ADV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human parainfluenza virus (PIV types 1-4), influenza virus A (FluA), influenza virus B (FluB), human enterovirus (HEV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV-A and -B), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV-229E/NL63 and -OC43/HKU1), and human bocavirus (HBoV). Among the 483 cases of ILI, 214 (44.31%) were positive for viruses, including ADV (8.7%), HEV (8.7%), RSV-A (8.07%), HRV (7.45%), FluA (5.38%), HCoV-OC43/ HKU1 (2.9%), PIV-3 (2.9%), HMPV (1.86%), PIV-1 (1.24%), HCoV-229E/NL63 (1.04%), PIV-2 (1.04%), HBoV (0.83%), and FluB (0.41%). Twenty-six (5.38%) of all cases were co-infected with two or more viruses, most commonly HEV/HRV with other viruses. Cases of viral infection were detected throughout the year, with peaks in January and February. ADV and HRV were detected throughout almost the whole year without obvious seasonality. HEV was detected between April and November, with a peak of prevalence in summer and autumn. FluA and FluB reached epidemic levels mainly in winter and spring. All cases of RSV were identified to be subtype A. PIV infection was mainly caused by PIV-3. The positive rate of HCoV-OC43/HKU1 infection was significantly higher than that of HCoV-229E/NL63. The leading five viruses that resulted in ILI Shijiazhuang in 2011 were HEV, ADV, RSV-A, HRV, and FluA, and these viruses have different epidemiological features.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Virus Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the image quality of 64-multi detector computed tomography (MDCT)and the clinical accuracy in detecting coronary artery lesions.Methods One hundred and five patients were studied by MDCT.The results were compared with invasive coronary angiography(ICA). Patients were excluded for atrial fibrillation,but not for high heart rate,coronary calcification,or obesity. MDCT was analyzed with regard to image quality and presence of coronary artery lesions.Results The data evaluation of the image quality was based on a total of 1365 segments(13 coronary segments for each patient),of which 1144 segments were considered to have diagnostic image quality,but 221 segments (16.2%)could not be sufficiently evaluated because of severe calcifications(153 segments)and motion artifacts(68 segments).The median calcium score[Agatston score equivalent(ASE)]was 154(range 0—1983).87 of the 105 patients had an ASE of less than 1,000[median 105(range 0—994)],and 18 patients had an ASE greater than 1000[median 1477(range 1115—1983)].For detecting lesions with 50% or greater narrowing(without any exclusion criteria),the overall sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value were 85.7%,97.9%,93.0%,and 95.5%,respectively. When limiting the number of patients to those with a calcium score of less than 1000 ASE,the threshold- corrected sensitivity for lesions with 50% or greater narrowing was 96.0%;specificity,98.9%;positive predictive value,95.3%;and negative predictive value,99.0%.Conclusion Our results indicate high quantitative and qualitative diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice MSCT in comparison to QCA in a broad spectrum of patients.

Child ; Epiphyses ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Lower Extremity

Acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injuries at home and abroad in recent years is introduced. The acupuncture and moxibustion methods for treatment of this kind of disease are classified and analyzed from body acupuncture, electroacupuncture, acupoint pressure and massage, acupoint-injection, acupoint sticking and so on. Acupuncture and moxibustion are widely applied to treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injuries, with definite therapeutic effect and good safety. The effectiveness of other evaluation indexes of acupuncture and moxibustion for treatment of neurogenic bladder dysfunction after spinal cord injuries needs to be proved by more randomized and controlled trials of high quality with strict design and scientific methods.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; therapy ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; therapy

Objective To probe the value of 3.0T MRI in the preoperative assessment of rectal carcinoma.Methods The study recruited 41 patients who were confirmed by biopsy of rectal carcinoma and underwent conventional MRI, high-resolution MRI and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI), the distance from the inferior part of tumor to transitional skin and the percentage of circumferential invasion were measured, the tumor's T staging, N staging,and the status of circumferential resection margin(CRM) and extramural vascular invasion(EMVI) were assessed.MRI findings were compared with endoscope and postoperative pathological results.Results MRI could accurately show the distance from the inferior part of tumor to transitional skin(P>0.05);The mean percentage of circumferential invasion for the tumor with T1-T2 and T3 were 61%,83% respectively (P>0.05);The total accuracy of T,N staging diagnose were 80.5%,75.6% respectively, which had a better consistent with pathological T,N staging(Kappa=0.564,0.634);The total accuracy of CRM and EMVI diagnose were 90.2%,73.2% respectively,which had a better or moderate consistent with pathological diagnose(Kappa=0.765,0.461).Conclusion 3.0T MRI has the unique application in the preoperative assessment of rectal carcinoma, which can provide more comprehensive information for clinic.

Objective : To investigate the willingness to receive HIV testing in primary health service institutions (PHSIs) among young students in Wuhan City, so as to provide the evidence for improving the detection of HIV testing among young students. Methods: Fifteen PHSIs were sampled using a stratified random sampling method in 14 districts of Wuhan City, and school students at ages of 15 to 24 years were sampled from each district using a convenience sampling method. Participants' demographics, awareness of AIDS-related knowledge, HIV testing and willingness to receive HIV testing were collected using questionnaires, and factors affecting the willingness to receive HIV testing in PHSIs were identified among school students using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results : A total of 301 questionnaires were allocated, and 299 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.34%. The respondents included 143 men (47.83%) and 156 women (52.17%), and had a mean age of (19.36±2.40) years; there were 223 respondents with an educational level of diploma and above (74.58%). The awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was 71.57% among the respondents, and 144 respondents had received AIDS-related health education in PHSIs (48.16%). There were 34 respondents that had received HIV testing (11.37%) and 203 respondents that were willing to receive HIV testing in PHSIs (67.89%). The respondents that were unwilling to receive HIV testing in PHSIs were mainly attributed to considering to be unlikely to get HIV infections (82.29%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that school students who knew AIDS-related knowledge (OR=2.797, 95%CI: 1.583-4.941), knew free HIV counseling and testing services in PHSIs (OR=2.070, 95%CI: 1.123-3.814), and had received AIDS-related health education in PHSIs (OR=2.814, 95%CI: 1.573-5.032) were more willing to receive HIV testing in PHSIs. Conclusions There were 67.89% of school students that were willing to receive HIV testing in PHSIs in Wuhan City, and the willingness to receive HIV testing was correlated with the awareness of risk of HIV infections, and awareness and experience of AIDS control services in PHSIs.

Objective To compare the efficiency and safety of aspirin-dipyridamole and warfarin in the prevention of thromboembolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF)and high risk factors.Methods One hundred and forty NVAF patients with high risk factors were randomly divided into two groups.Warfarin group[78 cases international normalized ratio(INR)2.0-3.0,for the patients older than 75 years,INR ranging from 1.6 to 2.5]and combination group(62 cases received aspirin 160 mg once every day plus dipyridamole 160 mg 3 times every day).The incidence of death,thromboembolism(including stroke and peripheral arteries embolism)and hemorrhage events were observed.Results Followed-up 12-28 months.In warfarin group,3 cases lost,2 cages had stroke,2 cases suffered from serious bleeding events,6 cases had minor bleeding events.In combination group,2 cases lost,6 cases had stroke,and 2 cases suffered from peripheral arteries embolism events,3 cases had minor bleeding events,but no serious bleeding events occurred.The incidence of thromboembolism in warfarin group wag,lower than that in combination group[2.7%(2/75)vs 13.3%(8/60),P<0.05].There was no significant difference of the bleeding rate between the two groups[10.7%(8/75)vs 5.0%(3/60),P>0.05].Conclusions Warfarin anticoagulative therapy is more effective than aspirin and dipyridamole antiplatelet dual therapy for the prevention of thromboembolism events in patients with NVAF and high risk factors.The major bleeding events in warfarin group occurs in patients with INR>3.0,so under intensive monitoring(INR 2.0-3.0),warfarin therapy is effective and safety.

Adolescent ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo construct a convenient, reliable and visual model of hair follicle development to test the hair-inductive potential of follicular cells and investigate the molecular mechanism regulating hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling.

METHODSAn open chamber was transplanted into the nude mice dorsal skin, dermal and epidermal cells isolated from newborn C57BL/6 mice skin were mixed at a specific ratio and then injected into the chamber together, 1 week after transplantation, the chamber was removed, and then, hair formation and regeneration after hair plucking was observed.

RESULTS1 week after cells implantation, the wound was moist without apparent contraction and among that pink and translucent tissue was formed. 2 weeks after implantation, the wound healed completely. 3 weeks after implantation, black hair grew from the skin was observed. 4 weeks after implantation, thick and black hair grew from the skin vertically. Completely developed structure of hair follicle was observed with paraffin section and HE staining. 1 week after plucking, new hair had regrown. The ratio of cell component was varied, whereas the other component was fixed at 1 x 10(7) cells. When the number of epidermal cells was reduced to 1 x 10(6) cells, the efficiency of hair follicle reconstitution was mostly unchanged. On the other hand, the density of newly formed hair was diminished considerably by reducing the number of dermal cells to 5 x 10(6) cells or lower. Neither epidermal cells nor dermal cells transplanted alone formed hair follicle.

CONCLUSIONSNewborn mice skin cells transplanted by chamber method can construct a complete model of hair follicle development, which can be used to test the hair-inductive potential of follicular cells and investigate the molecular mechanism regulating hair follicle morphogenesis and cycling.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Hair ; physiology ; Hair Follicle ; physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Nude ; Regeneration ; Skin ; cytology

The combination use of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate can be applied to hypersensitivity. Severe hypokalemia is a usual complication of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate therapy, which occurs frequently with therapeutic use. Fatal cases, accidental and intentional, occur frequently in forensic practice. The current case report presented a 43-year-old man with diabetes mellitus with infection, to whom dexamethasone and calcium gluconate were administered in the private clinic. With the development of such clinical symptoms of severe hypokalemia as quadriplegia, he was confirmed to have severe hypokalemia through a biochemical test before dying of arrhythmia. And also it presented pathophysiologic mechanism underlying severe hypokalemia as well as suggestions for clinical practice regarding combination use of dexamethasone and calcium gluconate.
Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects* ; Calcium Gluconate/adverse effects* ; Dexamethasone/adverse effects* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Hypokalemia/chemically induced* ; Male