Objective To discuss the minimally invasive skills in the treatment of choledocholithiasis.Methods A retrospective analysis was made to sum up the minimally invasive methods in the treatment of choledocholithiasis,reinforcing sufficient cognition to the treatment of the disease.Results The minimally invasive methods in the treatment of choledocholithiasis included endoscopic sphincterotomy,endoscopic papillaryballoon dilation,fibercholedochoscopy,laparoscopic common bile dnctexploration and laparoscopy combined with endoscopy in treating choledocholithiasis.Conclusion The conception of the treatment of choledocholithiasis was renewed by djfferent minimally invasive skills.With the development of the medical apparatus and instruments,the minimally invasive skills will play an important role in the treatment of choledocholithiasis.

Genome editing is defined as highly-effective and precise modification of cellular genome in a large scale. In recent years, such genome-editing methods have been rapidly developed in the field of industrial strain improvement. The quickly-updating methods thoroughly change the old mode of inefficient genetic modification, which is "one modification, one selection marker, and one target site". Highly-effective modification mode in genome editing have been developed including simultaneous modification of multiplex genes, highly-effective insertion, replacement, and deletion of target genes in the genome scale, cut-paste of a large DNA fragment. These new tools for microbial genome editing will certainly be applied widely, and increase the efficiency of industrial strain improvement, and promote the revolution of traditional fermentation industry and rapid development of novel industrial biotechnology like production of biofuel and biomaterial. The technological principle of these genome-editing methods and their applications were summarized in this review, which can benefit engineering and construction of industrial microorganism.
Biotechnology ; Fermentation ; Genetic Engineering ; methods ; Genome, Microbial ; Industrial Microbiology

China ; Humans ; Measles ; prevention & control ; Measles Vaccine ; Vaccination

Child ; Common Cold ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Communicable Disease Control ; methods ; organization & administration ; standards ; Communicable Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Patient Education as Topic ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; therapy ; Risk Factors ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Virus Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy

Background:Serum levels of pepsinogen( PG),gastrin-17( G-17)and Helicobacter pylori( Hp)infection are closely associated with gastric cancer. Studies on relationship of serum levels of PG and G-17 with Hp infection in Uygur and Han population with gastric cancer in Xinjiang area are rare. Aims:To investigate serum levels of PG and G-17 and their relationships with Hp infection in Uygur and Han population with gastric cancer in Xinjiang area. Methods:A total of 198 Uygur and 50 Han gastric cancer patients were enrolled,and healthy people with the same race were served as normal controls. Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ,G-17 were determined by ELISA,PGⅠ/ PGⅡ ratio(PGR)was calculated. Urea breath test and stool Hp antigen test were used to detect Hp infection. Results:Serum PGⅠ level and PGR in Uygur and Han patients with gastric cancer were significantly decreased than those in corresponding control groups(P < 0. 05),and serum levels of PGⅡ and G-17 were significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Serum PGⅠ level and PGR in Uygur gastric cancer patients were significantly decreased than those in Han gastric cancer patients(P < 0. 05),and serum G-17 level was significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Hp infection rate in Uygur and Han patients with gastric cancer were significantly increased than those in corresponding control groups( P < 0. 05). Serum level of PG Ⅰ and PGR were significantly decreased in Han gastric cancer patients with Hp-positive than in Hp-negative patients,and serum levels of PGⅡ and G-17 were significantly increased(P < 0. 05). Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ and G-17 were significantly increased in Uygur gastric cancer patients with Hp-positive than in Hp-negative patients,PGR was significantly decreased(P < 0. 05). Serum levels of PGⅠ,PGⅡ and PGR were significantly increased in Uygur gastric antral cancer patients than in gastric corpus cancer and proximal gastric cancer patients(P < 0. 05). Conclusions:Decreased serum PGⅠ level,PGR and increased serum level of G-17 can be used as biomarkers to screen gastric cancer in Uygur and Han population in Xinjiang area. Hp infection in Uygur and Han patients with gastric cancer is related to the changes of serum level of PGⅠ,PGR and G-17.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral infectious disease regarded to be a public-health problem worldwide. Since the 1990s, HFMD began to spread in the Asia-Pacific region (especially in South-East Asia). HFMD outbreaks have occurred in mainland China frequently since 2008, and the morbidity and mortality of HFMD has continued to increase in recent years. In mainland China, enterovirus A serotype enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) have been the major pathogens of HFMD during these years. However, the etiological spectrum of HFMD changes with time. This review focuses mainly on the etiological spectrum of HFMD and changes in epidemic patterns in mainland China.
China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Enterovirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Prevalence

DNA, Viral ; analysis ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Hepatitis B virus ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; virology ; Vaccination

Gallstone disease is highly prevalent in clinic,particularly in women and some specific ethnic groups.The formation of water-insoluble cholesterol crystals is due to a misbalance between the three major lipids present in the bile:cholesterol,bile salts,and phospholipids.Many proteins implicated in biliary lipid secretion in the liver are regulated by several transcription factors,including nuclear receptors LXR and FXR.Human and murine genetic,pathophysiological evidence is consistent with the relevance of these nuclear receptors in gallstone formation.In addition,there is emerging data that also suggests a role for estrogen receptor ESR1 in abnormal cholesterol metabolism leading to gallstone disease.A better comprehension of the role of nuclear receptor function in gallstone formation may help doctors to design new and more effective therapeutic strategies for this highly prevalent disease condition.

The clonal proliferations of multiple myeloma cells consist of several signaling pathways.It has been shown that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway,an important intra-cellular messenger delivery system,is related to abnormal proliferation and apoptosis of malignant lymphoid cells including myeloma cells.Manipulating the cAMP signaling pathway could induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of various malignant lymphoid cells including myeloma cells,which involve mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and cAMP-modulated changes of intra-cellular mediators.In-depth researches and analysis of cAMP-induced apoptosis in myeloma cells would provide potential targets and possible therapeutic means in the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Objective To investigate the optimum formulation and preparation process of Yuxiawenya dispersible tablets.Methods The formula of Yuxiawenya dispersible tablets were optimized by orthogonal design in terms of dispersible uniformity test.Results The tablets were prepared by moist granulation method with 1% polyvidone k30(PVPK30) ethanol solutionsas as moistening agent,microcrystalling cellulose(MCC) as diluents,and sodium croscarboxymethyl starch(CCMS-Na) as disintegrant.The disintegration time of dispersible formulation was