Organs experience three states in organ transplantation,including in-vivo state,in-vitro state,and the implanted state.The in-vivo organs can also be divided into two types by their origins,that is,from an intro-vital body or from a mortal body.Organs from an intro-vital body are not merely objects,but the vectors for personality,and therefore in such case the subject only holds the limited autonomy for his/her own organs.Organs from a mortal body are objects,but can not be regarded as the objects of autonomy.They can only be regarded as the objects of disposal right,thus the disposal of mortal organs should obey the pre-death wish of the dead,or the wish of the family members of the dead,and meanwhile obey the norms of custom and social interests.The in-vitro organs are merely objects,thus could be donated and presented,but could never be transacted.The implanted organs enjoy the same attributes and status as those from a living body.

Objective To understand adolescent's mental stress, coping style and their correlating with emotion. Methods This research, in order to be tried with 5870 middle school students, adopt Mental Stress Questionnaire, Coping Style Scale and Profile of Mood States. Results Compared with male students, female students had higher scores on stress from school work achievement and appearance(P＜0.05) and lower scores on stress from family[(2.04±1.19)vs(2.11±1.25)](P＜0.05),also they had higher sores on extra-coping style[(3.11±0.77)vs(2.77±0.81)](P＜0.01). Compared with lower grade students, higher grade students had higher scores on all mental stress except stress from family, while they had lower scores on extra-coping style (P＜0.01). Stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that high scores on mental stress and intro-coping style could predict negative emotion (P＜0.01), and extra-coping style could predict positive emotion (P＜0.01).Conclusion The middle school students suffered more stress from school work achievement than from other aspects. Students who differed in sex, grade had significant different scores on mental stress and coping style. Mental stress and coping style could predict adolescents' emotion.

Objective To investigate T cell-mediated effects of dendritic cells(DC)transfected with kidney associated antigen G250 gene using adenovirus(Ad)as vector in the treatment of kidney cancer. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)were isolated by standard FicollPaque density gradient centrifugation of heparinized blood obtained from healthy donors.After removal of the nonadherent ceils,the adherent cells were divided into gene transfer group,protein pulsed group and control group.The gene transfer group was infected with Ad/G250 virus;the protein pulsed group was added with G250 protein; the control group was added with PBS.The DCs were cultured and proliferated in vitro using recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor and inlerleukin-4.The autologous T cells were added into the 3 DC groups(responders:dendritics,20:1).After 5 d co-culture,3 eytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)groups were collected.TheG250 mRNA expression was detected in transduced DCs using RT-PCR.The G250 protein translation products and cell surface marker of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometry.The specific cytolytic activities of CTL to different target cells(renal carcinoma 786-0 cell line and lung cancer A549 cell line)were assessed by MTT method. Results Ad/G250 transfected DC successfully and the G250 expression was confirmed by RT-PCR. The expression levels of CD_(80), CD_(83). HLA-DR and CD_(86) in the Ad/G250 group were higher than those in the other 2 groups. The cytotoxicity to 786-0 of T lymphocytes activated by Ad/G250 transfecting DCs(83. 4±2. 8)% was greater than those of T lymphocytes in the protein pulsed group(79. 6±2. 4)% and control group(77. 3±2. 1)%. There were no significant differences of the cytotyxicities to A549 among the 3 cytotoxic T lymphocyte groups(F=0. 373.P=0.693). Conclusions Ad-loading DCs may be useful for immunotherapeutic protocols against self-antigens for the kidney cancer.

Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is common in patients with bowel or gynaecological canc-er. Although surgery is the primary treatment for most patients with MBO, it should not be undertaken rou-finely in patients with poor prognosis. Nasogastric drainage is only a temporary measure. Serf-expanding me-tallic stents are optimistic in malignant obstruction of the gastric outlet and proximal small bowel.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours(GISTs)are the most common primary mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and the disease is occasional and asymptomatic. Though the high rate of recur- rence after surgery, operation remains the firstline treatment of the GIST without metabasis. With the consid- eration the molecular biology of tumor, the treatment including surgery and molecular targeted therapy can im- prove the prognosis of GISTs.

Objective To research the therapeutic effect of fluticasone propionate nasal combined with cetirizine in the treatment of allergic rhinitis-sinusitis caused adult subacute cough.Methods Allergic rhinitis-sinusitis caused adult subacute cough of 56 patients were randomly divided into study group and control group with 28 cases each group by random digits table method.They were treated with cough expectorant drugs commonly brown mixture,the study group was additionally given fluticasone propionate nasal combined with cetirizine.The therapeutic effect and adverse reactions were compared.Results The total effective rate of study group was 82.1％ (23/28),which was superior to control group 53.6％ (15/28),there which was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Fluticasone propionate nasal combined with cetirizine in treatment of allergic rhinitis-sinusitis caused adult subacute cough effect is good,and is worthy of clinical promotion.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the economic effectiveness of different pharmacotherapeutic schemes for the same disease Three therapeutic schemes(including A,B and C schemes)for peptic ulcer with Helicobacteria pylori were compared METHODS:The schemes were evaluated with pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis RESULTS:The results showed that B was the best scheme from either cost-effectiveness analysis(C/E)or increasing costeffectiveness analysis(?C/?E) CONCLUSION:Pharmacoeconomics is very important in optimizing therapeutic scheme,guiding rational drug use and in_creasing economic effectiveness

Objective To investigate a special optimized technique for computer aided measure,and provide an anatomical basis for the placement of lag screw in the posterior column of the acetabulum. Methods Eighty accurate hemi-pelvis models were reconstructed from 40 CT data sets.The optimization objective function,for improving the placement of lag screw,was built by adaptively sampling the weighted distance of screws to the acetabulum boundary according to surgical requirements,and the two end points of the screw were modified iteratively to reduce the objective value under constraints.The statistical measure data were provided according to new anatomical reference landmarks for clinical use. Results The optimal entry point for lag screw fixation in the posterior column was located(18.90?1.19) mm above the line connecting the anterior borderline of the sacroiliac joint with the notch between the anterior superior iliac spine and the anterior inferior iliac spine,and the connecting line was divided by the perpendicular project point with a proportion of 2∶3.The mean inclination of the lag screw was(85.99?2.04)? for angle with the line connecting the entry point with the notch between the anterior superior iliac spine and the anterior inferior iliac spine,and(37.54?1.55)? for angle with the line connecting the entry point with the perpendicular project point;the mean length of the lag screws in the posterior column was(133.07?3.22)mm.Conclusion The automatic optimized technique for the computer aided measure is very efficient and has many advantages over the conventional manual dissection methods,and is convenient to design new anatomical reference landmark systems for clinical use.

Objective To investigate the correlation between abnormal lipid metabolism and coronary artery lesions. Methods Two hundred and sixty seven patients were devided into the control group ( n =101) and the coronary heart disease (CHD) group ( n =166), which included single vessel lesion ( n =54), double vessel lesions ( n =68) and triple vessel lesions ( n =44) according to coronary angiography. At the same time the lipid components were examined and the ralationship between serum lipid level and coronary artery lesions were analysed. Results Compared with the control, the total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) level were significantly elevated while but high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lowered in the CHD group. The severity of coronary lesions was increased with the elevation of TC, LDL-C, apolipoproteinB (ApoB), TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, and the reduction of HDL-C. There were significant differences in terms of lipid level beteewn the CHD group and the control. The analysis showed that TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C were most directly correlated with the coronary artery lesions in the CHD group. Conclusion The results suggest that the severity of coronary artery lesions correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism, and LDL-C/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C are better indicators than other lipid components.

The flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) is an important hepatic microsomal enzyme. Numerous mutations of FMO3 gene have been reported, and polymorphic varients of the gene have been identified. Several studies indicated that variability in the expression of FMO3 involved in some nitrogen, or sulfur-containing durg metabolism. This review summarizes the genetic polymorphism of FMO3 and its role in drug metabolism and toxicity.
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Oxygenases ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic