Objective:To express human interferon-?2b gene and to explore the feasibility of expressing human gene in plant cells.Methods:The hIFN-?2b coding sequence was amplified by PCR with specific primers and plasmid pBV889 was used as a template,subcloned into middle vector pMD18-T and binary vector pBI121 to obtain plant expression vector pBIFN. The pBIFN was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. Then hIFN-?2b gene was introduced into Ginseng callus cells via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The positive cells were screened by G418. The transgenic Ginseng calli were confirmed by PCR,RT-PCR,Western blot and WISH/VSV system.Results:Stable integration of the hIFN-?2b gene in the Ginseng callus cells′ genome was confirmed by PCR analysis. RT-PCR analysis showed that there were transcription products. Western blot implied that the given protein was hIFN-?2b. WISH/VSV system assay showed that the expressed hIFN-?2b possessed relatively lower bioactivity.Conclusion:HIFN-?2b has been expressed in transgenic Ginseng calli, which facilitates further investigation of improving the curative effect of orally administered hIFN-?2b.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of low-dose tacrolimus (TAC) combined with tripterygium(TW) in treatment of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Methods The patients, who were diagnosed with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MesPGN) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) by biopsy and failed to respond to a 3 month treatment with prednisone (1 mg/[kg • d], maximum 60 mg/d, were randomly divided into 2 groups (TAC+TW group and TW group). Initially TAC+TW group took TAC 0. 05 mg/(kg • d) 2 h after meal at a 12 h interval; the plasma TAC level was examined after 3 days and was kept at 1. 5-4 ng/ml; meanwhile, TW was given at 60 mg/d before meal. TW group only took TW(60 mg/d before meal). The efficacy, adverse reactions and plasma TAC levels were observed in each group. Results (1) Totally 20 patients met the recruitment criteria, including 11 in the TAC+TW group and 9 in the TW group. The age, sex, time of onset, blood pressure, 24 h urine protein, serum albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, renal pathology types and period of prednisone use were similar between the two groups. (2) In TAC+ TW group the urine protein began to decrease one month later; 12 months later,8 cases had complete remission (72. 7%), 2 had partial remission (18. 2%),and 1 was ineffective (9. 1%), with a total effective rate of 90. 9%. I n TW group the urine protein also began to decrease one month later; 12 months later only 2 cases had complete remission (22. 2%), 4 had partial remission (44. 5%), and 3 were ineffective (33. 3%), with a total effective rate of 66. 7%. (3)In TAC + TW group the plasma protein was significantly higher than that before treatment; the plasma protein recovered to normal level after 6 month treatment. However, there was no significant increase in TW group. The pre- and post-treatment serum creatinine levels were similar between the two groups. (4) The incidence rates of adverse reactions were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion Low dose TAC combined with TW can effectively decrease proteinuria in patients with SRNS, generating a higher rate of clinical remission; meanwhile, the patients have a good tolerance and less adverse reactions.

As an important ABC transporter, breast cancer re-sistance protein ( BCRP) plays an important role in tumor multi-drug resistance. Many laboratories are focusing on BCRP to re-verse multidrug resistance. We summarize in the paper the re-search progress on the regulation of BCRP expression, subcellu-lar localization, ATP-dependence, inhibition or modulation of its transport activity and potential clinical treatment strategies in or-der to provide theoretical support and some new research ideas for the reverse of multidrug resistance in clinic.

Academic and scientific research are important indices which refer to the medical postgraduates' training quality.But research methods and statistical knowledge are important influencing factor for them. Understanding the demands of statistical knowledge for medical postgraduates can provide reference for adjusting the setting of teaching contents and satisfy the needs of the students.The results have showed that two kinds of medical postgraduates' knowledge of statistical knowledge is weak,while postgraduates with different types have different requirements for statistical knowledge.Therefore more attention should be paid to the needs of the learners of postgraduates with different types to provide more pertinent and effective teaching support service.

CD40 Ligand ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; drug effects ; Humans ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

Tegument protein VP22 is encoded by Pseudorabies Virus (PRV) UL49. To identify the nuclear localization signals of UL49, it is necessary to determine the transport mechanism and biological functions of the VP22 protein. In this study, we identified two nuclear localization signals from UL49, NLS1 (5RKTRVA ADETASGARRR21) and NLS2 (241PGRKGKV247). The functional nuclear localization signal (NLS) of UL49 was identified by constructing truncated or site-specific UL49 mutants. The deletion of both NLS1 and NLS2 abrogated UL49 nuclear accumulation, whereas the deletion of NLS1 or NLS2 did not. Therefore, both NLS1 and NLS2 are critical for the nuclear localization of UL49. And our resuts showed that NLS2 is more important in this regard.
Animals ; COS Cells ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; virology ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; Protein Transport ; Pseudorabies ; metabolism ; virology ; Viral Structural Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism

PurposeTo explore the segmentation accuracy of different filtering and segmentation methods in brain tumor MRI, and to identify the best algorithm for brain glioma.Materials and Methods Using the nonlocal average ifltering, median ifltering, the anisotropic ifltering and improved mean shift algorithm segmentation, the watershed segmentation algorithm, fuzzy c-means segmentation algorithm to realize image segmentation in MATLAB program, 39 glioma images from different patients were analyzed. Pathology manual segmentation was used as gold standard to evaluate different segmentation precision.Results The signal-to-noise ratio was 7.9243, 6.2160 and 6.5426 for different iflter methods, respectively. The segmentation methods accuracy was 92.31%, 88.03% and 84.93%, respectively.Conclusion The nonlocal average ifltering effect is more accurate than median ifltering and the anisotropic ifltering. The improved mean shift algorithm segmentation is more accurate than watershed segmentation algorithm and fuzzy c-means segmentation algorithm with precision of 92.31%.

Objective To explore the selection of reasonable interventional treatment to portal hypertension under different conditions.Methods The data of 76 patients with portal hypertension and interventional treatment from 1997 to 2002 were retrospectively analyzed. 26 patients were treated with transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic stent shunt (TIPSS). Of these 26 patients, 11 patients suffered from hemorrhage after surgery treatment by devascularization, 6 patients with hemorrhage after stomach mirror treatment, and 9 patients with ineffective medicine treatment. 50 patients were treated with percutaneous transhepatic variceal embolization (PTVE) combined with partial splenic embolization (PSE), and they all showed inefficacy by medicine treatment. Free portal pressure (FPP) in pre- and post-treatment was measured in all 76 cases. The hepatic volume was measured by spiral-CT before and one year after the treatment.Results In TIPSS group, FPP was reduced from (3.85?0.42) kPa to (3.09?0.44) kPa (( t= 3.682, P

Objective　To analyze the influence of multiple variable factors on the occurance rate of pneumothorax associated with transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy of the lung. Methods　Fluoroscopically guided lung biopsies were performed in 46 patients. Variable factors were analyzed including lesion size, location, number of puncture, presence of emphysema and patients position after needle biopsy of the lung. Results　Pneumothorax occurred at 9 (19.6%) of 46 patients and that occurred at 4 (44.4%) of 9 emphysematous patients. Among them 2 necessitated chest drainage tube placement. The pneumothorax occurance rate was 30% (3/10) for lesions of diameter 3cm or less in size. In the dependent group, pneumothorax occurred in 4 of 20 patients (20%). In the nondependent group, pneumothorax occurred in 5 of 26 patients (19.2%). Conclusion　The correlation showed that increasing frequency of pneumothorax with decreasing size of lesions. An increased rate of pneumothorax was correlated with presence of emphysema. Patients with emphysema are more likely to have a symptomatic pneumothorax. No significant differences were found in the incidence of pneumothorax between patients placed with the puncture site dependent after biopsy and those placed with the puncture site nondependent.

Objective To explore the efficacy of arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with embolization for the treatment of giant carcinoma of the kidney.Methods Arterial infusion chemotherapy combined with embolization was performed through the renal artery in 32 cases of giant carcinoma of the kidney from April 1990 to April 2003.The chemotherapeutic agents were epirubicin(30~40 mg),mitomycin(20~30 mg),and 5-FU(500 mg).The embolization was conducted with anhydrous alcohol,sodium morrhuate,and lipiodol plus gelatin sponge.Results The arterial infusion and embolization was successfully administered in all the 32 cases.Surgical resection was accomplished in 8 cases 1~3 months after the embolization,and little or no blood supply to the tumor was seen during the surgery.Pathological findings revealed marked necrosis of tumor cells with inflammatory cell infiltration around and fibrous proliferation as well as capillary embolization.The total response rate(CR+PR) was 87.5%(28/32) and the tumor decreased in size in 90.6% of the cases(29/32).The survival rates at 6 months,1-,2-,and 3-year were 78.1%(25/32),68.8%(22/32),46.9%(15/32),and 31.2%(10/32),respectively.The mean survival time was 41.5 months,with the longest time of 84 months.Conclusions Combination of infusion chemotherapy and embolization through the renal artery for the treatment of giant carcinoma of the kidney offers good clinical effects.