Objective To prepare the bivalent immunoglobulin yolk (lgY) against eobra and viper venom and to detect its activities as the foundation for production and application of polyvalent . Methods The venom of Naja atra Cantor and Daboia russellii siamensis injected alternately into the leghorn hen. Biva-lent lgY was extraeted by water dilution. The biological activity of bivalent lgY were deteeted in several as-pects, sueh as the potency ( by indireet ELISA assay), the cross immunity ( by double immunodiffusion), the membrane lysis activity ( by experiments of vitelline membrane lysis) and 50% lethal activity ( LD50 ). Results Bivalent IgY was extracted from eggs yolk in 28-42 days after the first immunization. The titers of bivalent lgY against cobra and viper venom were 1:12 800 and 1: 6400. The cross immunologic reactions of bivalent IgY were found obviously with six kinds of snake venoms from Elapinae and Viperinae. There were not immunologic precipitation lines between bivalent IgY and four kinds of snake venoms from Crotalinae. Bi- valent lgY obviously deereased the vitelline membrane lysis activity of cobra and viper venom and prolonged the average survival time of mice with cobra or viper envenomation (P < 0.05). Moreover, with the same dose of bivalent IgY, the survival rate of mice with cobra venom envenomation was higher than those with vi-per venom envenomation. Conclusion Bivalent lgY could signifieantly neutralize biologieal activities of co-bra and viper venom, protect animals with cobra or viper envenomation.

Objective To analyse the key influential factors for research performance of medical colleges and provide evidenes for further research management. Methods A questionnaire suvery was carried out in Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine.Through stratified cluster sampling,those who assumed all ranks of projects from 2001 to 2006 in Basic Medical College and some affiliated hospitals were investigated.Two hundred and sixty questionnaires were sent out and 211(81.2%) were reclaimed.Delphi and comprehensive analysis were used to measure the research performance,and multi-Logistic regression was employed to analyze the influential factors for research performance.Results The key influential factors for research performance included research team,research investment,age of researchers,international exchanges and communications,and extra working hours for research.Conclusion To improve the research performance of medical colleges,it is most important to strengthen research team development,expand research investment,promote acedemic exchanges and communications,and initiate dedicated spirit for research work.

Objective By investigating the actualities of career development potential of eight-year program medical students, to explore a direction of training mode innovation aiming to improve career development potential. Methods Eight-year program medical graduates, their tutors, and di-rectors of their clinical department in a university hospital were the subjects of the current study. Questionnaire method was applied to evaluate professional competence including clinical skills, re-search capabilities and integrative ability . Anonymous questionnaires were dispensed to eight-year program medical graduates for self-evaluation. Distinct anonymous questionnaires were dispensed to tutors directors for evaluation. Traditional doctoral graduates (professional degree or academic degree) were set as standard for comparison of specific ability of eight-year program medical students. Results 74 out of 85 (87%) questionnaires for Eight-year program medical graduates were available. 53 out of 63 (84%) questionnaires for tutors were available. 21 out of 26 (81%) questionnaires for directors of clinical departments were available. In clinical capabilities, according to 43 percent (32 persons) of the eight-year MD graduates' self-assessment and the evaluation of 94%(50 persons) mentors and 81%(17 people) department directors, eight-year program medical graduates were regarded as lower-skilled clinicians compared with doctoral graduates with professional degree . Eight-year program medical graduates were also considered with worse research capabilities than doctoral graduates with profes-sional degree by themselves (76%, n=56), their tutors (91%, n=48), and their department directors (86%, n=18). Conclusions The survey shows that to some extent, the current eight-year clinical doctoral graduates lack of career development potential, reflecting the current training mode cannot lead to the given training goals. We suggest that both clinical skills and research capabilities should be enhanced to make sure that eight-year program medical graduates deserve the title of academic physicianorphysician scientists.

Objective: To observe influence of anxiety or depression on prethrombotic state in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: A total of 112 EH patients were equally divided into EH + A/D group and pure EH group. Levels of prethrombotic state indicators, including serum CD62P, von Willebrand factor (vWF), tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 and endothelin (ET)-1 were measured in two groups. Results: Compared with pure EH group, there were significant increase in levels of CD62P [(4.52±2.01) % vs. (8.38±1.96) %], vWF [(155.28±23.11) % vs. (185.23±22.21) %], PAI-1 [(54.35±13.21) ng/L vs. (79.88±14.53) ng/L] and ET-1 [(121.56±33.32) ng/L vs. (152.78±30.23) ng/L], P<0.05 all; and significant decrease in t-PA level [(19.37±11.46) ng/L vs. (9.56±8.32) ng/L, P<0.05] in EH + A/D group. Conclusion: Anxiety or depression can aggravate prethrombotic state of patients with essential hypertension through activation of platelets, influencing vascular endothelial function and fibrinolytic system imbalance.

Objective　To explore the phenomenon of neural apoptosis after chronic compressive spinal cord injury. 　Methods　A newly designed chronic progressive compressive spinal cord injury model of rat was adopted in this study. Forty-five Wister rats were divided into mild, moderate, and severe group according to the compressive degree of the spinal cord. The Feulgen stain and TUNEL were used to investigate the apoptosis and its characteristics in different kinds of neural cells. 　 Results　Apoptosis index in moderate injury group was the highest. Apoptotic cells largely located in ventral, lateral and dorsal column of the white matter. Most of them were oligodendrocytes. Positive neuron occasionally presented in laminae Ⅲ～Ⅸ part of the sections. Most of them located in dorsal gray horn. 　Conclusions　 Apoptosis is an important event in secondary pathophysiological process of chronic progressive compressive spinal cord injury. Apoptosis is one of the reasons for neural cell death. The apoptosis of oligodendrocytos may contribute to myelin sheath disruption of white matter.

Animals ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; metabolism ; Periodontitis ; complications ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Platelet Aggregation ; physiology ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; pathogenicity ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; metabolism ; Receptor, PAR-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptors, Proteinase-Activated ; metabolism ; Receptors, Thrombin ; metabolism

Collaborative Cross mice ( CC mice) are series of inbred mice strains generated from hybrid strains of mice with different genetic background which used for human complex diseases and genetic diversity diseases studies. Genetic diversity of CC mice can reflect different mouse subspecies, the single nucleotide polymorphism is four times than traditional inbred mice. CC mice are more and more widely used in the field of life science and medical research. Based on information retrieval of CC mice, we introduced the related information resources of CC mice origin, database, application tools, and research results, to promote CC mice resources to be used widely in China.

AIM:The different effect of bivalent immunoglobulin Yolk(IgY) was evaluated against snake venom between intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection in mice with cobra or viper envenomation.METHODS:The venom of naja and viper was injected alternately into the leghorn hen.Bivalent anti-snake venom IgY was extracted by water dilution.The concentration of bivalent IgY in plasma was observed in indirect ELISA assay after bivalent anti-snake venom IgY taken orally.The gastric emptying function test was used for determining optimization time after gastric administration of IgY.The protective effect of bivalent anti-snake venom IgY was compared between intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection in mice with cobra or viper envenomation.RESULTS:Bivalent anti-snake venom IgY was extracted from eggs laid in 28-42 d after the first immunization.The titers of Bivalent IgY against cobra and viper venom were 1:12 800 and 1:6 400.At the time of 2.5-3.5 h after bivalent anti-snake venom IgY was taken orally in three concentrations(75 mg,150 mg,300 mg?0.5 mL-1?20 g-1 BW),the gastric evacuation rate of mice was above 68.9%,with the plasma concentration of bivalent IgY in peak.The survival time of mice envenomation with snake venom was extremely prolonged(P

Objective To investigate the effects of nimesulide, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, on human cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cell line in vitro. Methods The effects of nimesulide on QBC939 cells were observed with the following techniques: the influence of nimesulide on the proliferation of QBC939 cells was determined by MTT assay; the apoptosis of QBC939 cells was viewed and measured by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively; the expressions of proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and COX-2 of cholangiocarcinoma cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. Results Nimesulide inhibited the expressions of PCNA and COX-2 and the proliferation of cholangiocarcinoma QBC939 cells, whose effects intensified as the dose increased and time elongated. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic rates of QBC939 cells increased significantly as the dose of nimesulide increased. The typical morphologic features of apoptosis were also observed by transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion Nimesulide significantly inhibits the proliferation of QBC939 cells in vitro by inducting cell apoptosis, which may be associated with the downregulation of COX-2 expression, and it also presents the features of dose and time dependents.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent for sporadic and post-transfusion hepatitis, which frequently progresses into chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In order to clarify the genomic variations and the structural characteristics of Chinese HCV isolate, we extracted HCV genomic RNA from plasma specimens of Chinese hepatitis C (HC) patients, reverse-transcribed to HCV cDNA with random primers and constructed successfully an HCV cDNA R gt11 library of Chinese type. Two positive clones (Q349 and Q653) were selected by immunoscreening from the library and subcloned into plasmid vector pUC18. Sequence analyses indicated that Q349 was derived from core region (positions 554-902) of HCV genome while Q653 was from NS3 region (positions 4175-4827) corresponding with the prototype HCV nucleotide sequence. The homologies of Q349 and Q653 with the equivalent sequences of HCV prototype were 86.8% and 80.2% at the nucleotide level, and 97.3% and 93.1% at the amino acid level, respectively. It was found that Chinese HCV clones had higher homologies with Japanese HCV isolates, and should belong to HCV group II. Specificity test proved that the encoded peptides of the 2 Chinese HCV cDNA clones reacted specifically with sera from HC patients and had no reaction with sera from healthy individuals. More importantly, clone Q653 showed higher positive reaction rates with Chinese HC sera (95.8%) than those with Japanese ones (85.7%), which strongly suggests that the sequences from Chinese HCV genome (especially from NS regions) would be more suitable for primer designing or peptide synthesis for the use in the detection of HCV infection among Chinese people.